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糖尿病,高达746项的美国在研项目简述(2024)

Amber Wang Hanson临床科研
2024-10-06

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糖尿病(Diabetes)是一种慢性疾病,其特征是高血糖水平,这是由于患者机体无法有效地利用或产生胰岛素,该病也是美国人群中第七位的主要死因。



糖尿病的长期高血糖状态可能导致多种并发症,包括心血管疾病、视网膜病变、肾病变、神经病变等。因此,及时诊断和有效管理糖尿病至关重要,以防止或延缓这些并发症的发展。


尽管针对糖尿病现有许多治疗方法和管理策略,但仍存在一些重要而未解决的临床问题:

1)胰岛素抵抗性的机制和治疗:虽然胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的核心问题,但目前对其确切机制的理解仍不完全,导致治疗策略未能完全解决这一问题。

2)并发症的早期诊断和预防:糖尿病的并发症,如视网膜病变、肾病变和神经病变,往往在显现症状之前已经发展多年。目前缺乏有效的早期诊断工具和更有力的预防措施。

3)心血管风险管理:糖尿病患者的心血管疾病风险显著增加,但如何有效管理这一风险仍是一个未解决的问题。

4)个性化治疗:由于糖尿病患者的个体差异极大,现有的一刀切治疗方案常常不能满足所有患者的需求。如何根据患者的具体情况制定个性化治疗方案是一个重大挑战。

5)精准医疗:虽然精准医疗已经在多个领域取得进展,但在糖尿病的应用还处于初步阶段,如何利用基因、环境和生活方式数据来精确预测和治疗糖尿病仍需进一步研究。

这些问题的解决需要跨学科的合作、科技的进步以及更多的临床研究和公共健康努力。


我们仅对美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)资助的在研糖尿病相关项目进行梳理,希望给同仁们的选题思路提供一点启发。
2024年,以“Diabetes”为检索词、在题目中进行检索,美国NIH针对糖尿病的在研有746项。

一,谁获得了这些研究?

1,在研糖尿病课题最多的PI
目前在研糖尿病课题最多的PI主要包括:
  • UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 的 ATKINSON, MARK A. 

  • YALE UNIVERSITY 的 SHULMAN, GERALD I
  • ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS 的 SHAIBI, GABRIEL QUANTUM
  • DIABETES, DIGESTIVE, KIDNEY DISEASES 的 HANSON, ROBERT
  • UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER 的 BENNINGER, RICHARD KP


2,糖尿病课题最多的研究机构
目前在研糖尿病课题最多的大学主要包括:
  • 科罗拉多大学丹佛分校
  • 耶鲁大学
  • 佛罗里达大学
  • 密歇根大学安娜堡分校
  • 斯坦福大学等


二,糖尿病研究热点是什么?

糖尿病研究领域总览(根据关键词)


A,关于长期效应(Long Term)的研究项目最多
184 项在研基金涉及到了长期效应,关注最多的方面包括真实世界研究(Real World)、身体活动(Physical Activity)、细胞(Cell)等方面研究

B,血糖控制(Glycemic control)的研究
166 项研究涉及到血糖控制,研究领域主要涉及持续血糖监测(Continuous Glucose Monitoring)、糖尿病自我管理(Diabetes Selfmanagement)、身体活动(Physical Activity)、糖尿病困扰(Diabetes Distress)等方面研究。

C,研究中心(Research Center)
有 138 项研究涉及到糖尿病研究中心,涉及的关键词包括如卫生保健(Health Care)、职业发展(Career Development)、胰腺炎(Pancreatitis)、医生科学家(Physician Scientist)、代谢表型(Metabolic Phenotype)等。

其他糖尿病研究大的方向也包括胰岛素抵抗、Beta细胞等。

三,借鉴与突破

我们也分享在糖尿病领域的几项课题摘要的部分内容,希望对同仁们有所启发。
A,Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study AD/ADRD Project

This U19 proposal focuses on one of the most important, complex questions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD) research: What are the determinants and the nature of cognitive impairment among persons with pre-diabetes (PreD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), who are a high-risk group for cognitive impairment and represent a large fraction of the United States (US) population? 

We propose 4 interrelated projects that will address these gaps, leveraging the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Outcomes Study (DPPOS) cohort and its detailed PreD/T2D phenotyping, adding state of the art AD/ADRD phenotyping. 

We will address the complex overarching question of our project through the following aims: 

(1) To establish 5 cores to support the 4 integrated scientific projects: An Administrative Core, a Clinical Operations and Procedures Core, a Cognitive Assessment and Adjudication Core, a Neuroimaging and Plasma Biomarkers Core, and A Biostatistics and Data Infrastructure Core: 

(2) To conduct 4 integrated projects focused on key aspects of the central question of this proposal: Project 1 will examine the association of cognitive decline, MCI, and dementia in the DPPOS cohort with biomarkers of neuropathology and brain insulin signaling, and with sociodemographic and behavioral factors; Project 2 will examine the associations of cumulative glycemia, related metabolic factors, and microvascular and macrovascular complications, with cognitive syndromes and biomarkers of neuropathology; 

Project 3 will examine the association of cumulative exposure to metformin and other T2D medications with cognitive syndromes and biomarkers of neuropathology; 

Project 4 will evaluate the association of trajectories of physical activity, physical function and frailty with cognitive syndromes and biomarkers of neuropathology.


B, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT,1983-1993) compared intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glycemia versus conventional therapy with no specific glucose targets in 1441 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) over a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. 
The Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC, 1994-present) is the observational follow-up study of the DCCT cohort. Micro- and cardio-vascular complications and a wide range of established and putative risk factors, including genetic and epigenetic factors, have been measured with standardized methods, carefully documented and events adjudicated. 
The overarching goals for the next 5 years (2022-27) will be to study the occurrence and identify potentially modifiable risk factors of the more advanced microvascular and cardiovascular complications and physical and cognitive dysfunction that are occurring with increasing diabetes duration and age. 
The specific aims for 2022-2027 are to: 
1) determine the incidence of advanced microvascular complications, investigate the order of their development and pattern of co-development, and identify glycemic and non-glycemic risk factors; 
2) quantify impairment in functional and myocardial performance that presages heart failure (HF) and identify the risk factors for impairment in T1DM; 
3) determine the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis-associated fibrosis (NASH) and symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in this increasingly overweight/obese T1DM study population and identify precedent risk factors and mechanisms; 
and 4) continue the longitudinal assessment of aging-sensitive morbidities such as cognitive and physical dysfunction, frailty, and their risk factors and their aggregate impact on quality of life, ability to self-manage T1DM, and health economic outcomes.
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作者:Amber Wang;助理:ChatGPT;编辑:Jessica,微信号:Healsanq,加好友请注明理由。
美国Healsan Consulting(恒祥咨询),于2016年创建于美国首都大华府地区,专长于Healsan医学大数据分析(Healsan™)、及基于大数据的Hanson临床科研培训(HansonCR™)和医学编辑服务(MedEditing™)。主要为医生科学家、生物制药公司和医院科研处等提供分析和报告,成为诸多机构的“临床科研外挂”。
网址:https://healsan.com/
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