关于疫苗，你需要知道的英文都在这里了

Original 南医大小白老师医学博士英语 2024-05-02

小白老师说：作文紧扣时代热点，已是国内主流英语考试命题趋势，新冠疫情席卷全球。疫苗乃万众瞩目之焦点，大家备考医学博士，与其心存侥幸，不如准备周全。今天这篇推文，既是作文预测，也是写作指导，希望就“疫苗”这个主题，帮大家做好充分准备，万一考到，有备无患。

疫苗是用来预防疾病，尤其是流行性疾病的一种有效方法。随着新冠肺炎（COVID-19）在全球的感染率居高不下，很多国家开始采用接种疫苗的方式来实现免疫。英文中，如何表达“打疫苗、接种疫苗”呢？

关于“疫苗”的几个关键词

vaccine n. 疫苗
vaccinate v. 注射（疫苗）
vaccination n. 疫苗接种
inoculate v. 接种（疫苗）
inoculation n. 疫苗接种
booster shot 加强针

vaccine 就是指“疫苗”本身，它是一个名词，其复数形式为 vaccines，例如：

The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.
研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

vaccinate 是个动词，指“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作，例如：

I was vaccinated against tetanus.
我接种了破伤风疫苗。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

而 vaccinate 的其名词形式 vaccination 就是指“接种疫苗”这件事，例如：

Vaccination and other prophylactic measures can be carried out.
可以采取疫苗接种和其他预防措施。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

动词 inoculate 在表示“接种（疫苗）、给某人打预防针”这个意思的时候与 vaccinate 是可以互换使用的，其名词形式是 inoculation，常用的搭配是 inoculate someone against...，比如：

His dogs were inoculated against rabies.

他的狗注射过狂犬疫苗。

An inoculation against cholera is recommended.

建议注射预防霍乱的疫苗。

另外， inoculate 还可以表示“灌输（思想）”，给大家举个例子加深印象：

The teacher inoculated them with the idea that the individual can always make a difference in this world.

老师给他们灌输的思想是，个人是可以给这个世界带来改变的。

booster shot 即“加强针”，指疫苗注射一段时间后，体内抗体有所下降，不足以起到保护作用时，再次注射的疫苗，以提高抗体水平。booster 是动词 boost 的名词形式，火箭发射过程中经常用到的“助推器”也是 booster。boost 这个词在各类新闻报道中经常出现，比如：

boost the economy 促进经济发展
boost sb's confidence/morale 增强某人的信心 / 士气

关于“疫苗”的实用好句

The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent.

在自愿、知情同意的前提下，对高危人群进行紧急接种。

After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place.

经过严格的不良反应监测和追踪观察，未出现严重不良反应。

It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines.

我国新冠疫苗保护期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一样，能够终身免疫，或者至少保护五年十年，还不能下这个结论。

Although the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, people still need to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing.

虽然新冠疫苗是安全有效的，要继续维持个人卫生和防护措施，包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保证社交距离等。

The interim results of its phase-3 clinical trials show 79.34 percent efficacy against COVID-19, meeting the standards of the World Health Organization and the NMPA, according to a press conference by the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism against COVID-19. This vaccine will be provided free of charge to all Chinese people.

国务院联防联控机制发布会表示，三期临床试验中期结果显示，该疫苗有效性达到79.34%，保护效力达到世界卫生组织及国家药监局相关标准要求，将为全民免费提供。

Groups that are not suitable to receive the vaccines include pregnant women, lactating women and patients with some diseases. These patients are those in the acute stage of fever and infection, suffering from immune deficiency or immune disorder, having severe liver or kidney diseases, having uncontrolled hypertension, diabetic complications or malignant tumors.

不适宜接种的人群包括：孕妇、哺乳期妇女、正处在发热、感染等疾病急性期、患免疫缺陷或免疫紊乱的人群、严重的肝肾疾病、药物不可控制的高血压、糖尿病并发症、恶性肿瘤等人员。

疫苗应该妥善储存和保管，否则会失去或降低效力。

Vaccines need to be stored and managed properly or they can lose potency and become less effective.

Lab data shows that Chinese vaccines' capability to help human bodies generate antibodies remains almost steady in neutralizing the new variants of the virus that emerged in Europe, South America, and the US across the first half of 2020, said Shao. "Although the efficacy is slightly weakened when it comes to the new variants."

实验室数据显示，国内疫苗诱导的抗体对去年上半年在欧洲、南美、美国出现的新冠毒株的中和能力没有变化，但对新出现的变异毒株的中和能力，则有轻微下降。

点睛：这里的 neutralize 是形容词 neutral 的动词形式，表示“使中和，使无效，使中立”等意思，比如，neutralize a threat（消除威胁），neutralize an enemy（消灭敌人），Raising the sales tax will neutralize the tax cut.（提高销售税就能抵消减税带来的影响）。

China started inoculating some key groups with COVID-19 vaccines during the winter-spring period.

冬春交替之际，中国开始针对部分重点人群开展新冠病毒疫苗的接种工作。

With COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible.

随着疫苗获批上市，疫苗产量逐步提高，中国将会有更多的疫苗投入使用，符合条件的群众都能实现“应接尽接”。

点睛：Eligible这个词在阅读和写作中经常用到，可以用作动词或名词表示“符合条件的（人）；合适的（结婚对象）”，比如：you are not eligible for unemployment benefits since you are not really out of work（你并不是完全失业，所以没有资格领取失业救济金）。His mother is keen to find him an eligible within a short period of time.（他母亲着急想在短时间内给他找个合适的对象）。

我们身处一个充满挑战的时代。世纪疫情和百年变局交织，带来深远影响。前所未有的挑战，需要各国以前所未有的团结协作共同应对。
We are living in challenging times. Changes unseen in a century, coupled with the global COVID-19 pandemic, have had a far-reaching impact. In the face of such unprecedented challenges, countries must come together and respond with solidarity and coordination like never before.

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