De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani│Archi
De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani
Claudia Consonni & Martina Fabris
Project / 项目
According to the United Nations, in 2015 only, there were about 260 million international migrants, people who left their birthplaces to live in a different geographical or social reality.
Of these, 65 million were forced to leave their homeland due to wars, neglection of human rights, poverty or climate distresses that made impossible to conduct a dignifying life. (source: Global trends 2015 Unhcr) The relevance of such a phenomenon is now undeniable, considering the enormous number of people involved.
Governments issued several laws and guidelines that tried to manage the problem, regulating migratory flows both on a national and European level. Nevertheless, these measures often do not include the idea of immigrants integrating within local communities, as they only aim to push away the problem instead of finding a permanent solution.
The plan approved by European leaders during the summit held in La Valletta in February 2017, which was meant to stop the incoming migratory flow from Libia, such as the Minniti-Orlando decree, are just two examples of this institutional myopia.
Cities represent the main “entrance gates” to European countries; in fact, immigrants’ aspiration is to reach the biggest cities, as they hope to find hospitality and more chances for a brighter future there. In Italy, Milan is the most attractive destination for migrants, due to its major economic and working opportunities, but also to the higher level of social integration. Cities should be able to propose themselves as welcoming spots, where immigrants should be perceived as a source for social, cultural and economic enrichment rather than a problem. Further commitment towards this goal should derive from the existence of a right for the city, as written by Henri Lefebvre, which consists in the right to access, both individually and as a group, to urban resources.
据联合国统计，仅2015年，就有大约2.6亿国际移民，离开他们的出生地，都生活在不同的环境和社会中。
在这些人中，有6500万人因为战争而被迫离开自己的家园，忽视了他们的人权、贫穷或气候的因素，而这使得他们无法过着好的生活。(来源:全球趋势2015年难民专员办事处)鉴于涉及的人数众多，表明这种现象的与城市相关性是不可否认的。
各国政府颁布了几条法律和指导方针，试图管理这一问题，规范了在国家和欧洲层面上的移民流动。然而，这些措施通常不包括移民在当地居民社区内整合的想法，因为政府的目标总是把问题推到一边，而不是找到一个永久的解决办法。
欧洲领导人在2017年2月在La Valletta举行的峰会上批准了该计划，该计划旨在阻止来自利比亚的移民流入，如minniti - orlando法令。
城市代表着欧洲国家的主要“Entrance gates”;事实上，移民的愿望是到达最大的城市，因为他们希望在那里找到资源和更美好的未来。在意大利，米兰是最具吸引力的移民目的地，因为它的主要经济和工作机会，但也有更高层次的社会融合。城市应该能够把自己当作欢迎的地方，在那里，移民应该被视为社会、文化和经济繁荣的源泉，而不是问题。对这一目标作出进一步的承诺，应该是由亨利·勒费弗所著的《城市权利的存在》（ the existence of a right for the city）所述，该权利包括以个人和作为一个团体的权利来访问城市资源的权利。
Milan, despite being entitled of the so-called “Milan model” for hospitality, recently showed signs of rejection towards incomers, as shown by the police blitz that was executed in Milan Central Station on the 2nd of May 2017, or by the reduction of available places in the Hub located in Via Sammartini. Once acknowledged the intolerance mood afflicting the city, while keeping in mind the unavoidable need to find suitable locations for migrants who are escaping wars and persecutions, the need for a definitive solution emerges clearly; this solution should be able to accommodate both immigrants and locals’ needs. From this came the idea to reserve a new spot for guests, separated from the city and positioned above-ground, which does not follow traditional building rules for urban structures, but rather proposes itself as a soft urbanization model where life is detached from capitalistic logics.
米兰,尽管享有所谓的“米兰模式”（Milan model）酒店,最近也有拒绝对移民的迹象,2017年5月2日，米兰警方执行如图所示的中央车站减少可通过Sammartini中心的地方。一旦认识到不宽容的情绪困扰着这个城市，同时铭记着不可避免的需要为逃避战争和迫害的移徙者找到合适的地点，就需要明确的解决方案;这个解决方案应该能够适应移民和当地人的需求。从这一点上，我们的想法是为客人预留一个新的位置，与城市分开，并放置在在地上，这并不遵循传统的城市建筑原则，而是将自己作为一个软城市化模式，在那里，生活与资本逻辑分离。
The proposed solution may seem dystopic to some and utopic to others. The outcome consists of two superimposed cities, separated physically but depending on each other and visually linked by observation “towers” that also testimony the presence, or hope, for a possible connection between the two.
所提出的解决方案可能对某些人而言是矛盾的，而对其他人则是乌托邦式的。结果包括两个叠加的城市，在物理上相互分离，但相互依赖，并通过观察“塔”在视觉上相互联系，这也证明了两者之间的可能联系的存在或希望。
The new city, which hosts migrants, reflects the condition of its inhabitants: it is mutable and undetermined; a three-dimensional fixed grid can be cladded or freed depending on specific necessities, giving life to an always different conformation of the surroundings, immersed in green areas.
展示了接纳移民的新城市中居民的状况：它是可变的，不确定的; 一个三维的固定网格可以根据具体需要进行包覆或释放，为环境永远不同的构造提供在绿地里生活。
Life will follow natural rhythms and be based on subsistence economy, accommodating daily and season cycles. Urbanization will be soft, characterized by the absence of roads and infrastructures, which will be limited to structures required for energy sustainability: in fact, the city is designed as a power station, able to provide enough energy to fuel itself but also the underneath city of Milan through an isotropic grid of pillars that physically bears the structure but also allows energy transportation from the top floor to the bottom one. The central parts of Milan become a huge indoor space, separated from the rest of the metropolitan area through screens that, projecting the image of the sky, provide the impression of being in open-air. All the environmental conditions of this indoor space are mechanically managed: air is continuously purified, solving pollution problems and artificial light is always available, allowing society to pursue the 24-hours-a-day productivity goal, typical of modern society. Doing so, atmospheric conditions will not affect city activities anymore, as they will become perfectly controllable, granting Milan the chance to become the capital of events. Public transportation, hung on the grid and separated from urban traffic, will be more efficient and will drive the abandonment of private transportation means, providing huge contribution to the reduction of traffic. The costs deriving from energy supply may be avoided thanks to self-sustainability of the upper city.
将生活遵循自然的节奏，以生存经济为基础，适应日常和季节的循环。城市化将变软，其特点是没有道路和基础设施，这将被限制在能源可持续发展所需要的结构上：实际上，城市被设计为一个发电站，能够提供足够的能源来加油，而且还能够提供下面的城市通过一个各向同性的柱子支撑着米兰的结构，而且还允许从顶层到底层的能量传输。米兰的中心部分成为一个巨大的室内空间，通过屏幕，与大都会区的其余部分分开，投射天空的形象，提供露天的印象。这个室内空间的所有环境条件都是机械化的管理：空气不断净化，解决污染问题，人造光源始终可用，使社会追求现代社会典型的24小时生产力目标。这样，大气条件不会再影响城市活动，因为它们将变得完全可控，使米兰成为事件的首都。公共交通挂在电网上，与城市交通分离，效率更高，将推动私人交通工具的抛弃，为减少交通做出巨大贡献。由于上游城市的自我维持能力，可以避免能源供应的成本。
The two cities, despite being physically close and depending on each other for some aspects, would live an autonomous and totally separate life. To separate them, an inhabited wall that does not overlook the indoor central city, but rather looks at the suburbs, providing a sense of continuity with the overhead grid. Therefore, the wall both separates (the indoor space from the outside) and unifies (the outskirts and the grid), inserting itself among roads that were specifically selected to become exchange-points between the existing cityand the new one. The connection between these two parts could transform the suburbs in a cohabitation space, where locals could meet newcomers, but could also inevitably make it a conflict-zone. In fact, outskirts generally offer chances for lifestyles and social interactions that are different from the ones of the central city; however, they also often represent a place where the needy and the migrants fight with local citizens, as they do not enjoy the privileges deriving from juridical systems and working incomes.
这两座城市虽然接近，在某些方面相互依赖，但却过着自主和完全独立的生活。把它们隔开，一个居住的墙壁，不忽视室内中心城市，而是看郊区，提供与架空电网的连续排列。因此，墙既从室外分离（室外与室外），又统一为城市与城市之间的交换点。这两个部分之间的联系可以改变郊区在一个同居空间，当地人可以在那里遇见新来者，但也可能不可避免地成为一个冲突地带。事实上，郊区通常提供与中心城市不同的生活方式和社会交往机会，然而，他们也经常代表穷人和移民与当地公民进行斗争的地方，因为他们不享有法律制度和工作收入的特权。
Consequently, an environment characterized by three different realities emerges: an indoor city that is safe and overlooked, realm of finance and events; a subsistence city, totally free, where newcomers can be hosted, and a disconnected peripheral city. The project provides the right to the city to everyone, supporting and taking to the extremes the tendencies of the different classes, committing a specific space for each social and economic context. Despite the presence of separated areas, each inhabitant would always be considered a citizen of “De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani”.
因此，现实中出现了三种不同的环境：一个安全和被忽视的室内城市，金融和事件领域; 一个自由的城市，完全免费，可以容纳新人，还有一个不连贯的周边城市。该项目为城市提供了对每个人的权利，支持和把握不同阶层的倾向，为每个社会和经济背景下一个特定的空间。尽管存在分离的地区，每个居民将永远被视为“De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani”中的的公民。
注释： “De Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani”：是著名诗人和作家德拉里瓦用拉丁文写在形式在1288年发表的的论文。文章中描述了在子爵时期的工作与经验内容，象征着米兰城市的实力，现代和财富。
About/关于作者
Claudia Consonni and Martina Fabris graduated in Architecture at Politecnico di Milano.
They are particularly interested in exploring the effect of a tight collaboration between art and architecture, both in large and small-scale interventions and they try to convey their ideas through original and personal graphic works derived from continuous research and exploration.
They believe in the possibility of architecture to have an impact on the social context and to trigger virtuous processes that could improve our society, also starting from debate and discussion originated by theoretical proposals.
Claudia Consonni和Martina Fabris毕业于米兰理工大学建筑系。
他们对探索艺术与建筑合作的效果特别感兴趣，无论是在大小规模的活动中，还是通过源源不断的研究和探索的原创和个人的图像作品来传达自己的想法。
他们相信建筑可能会对社会环境产生影响，从理论建议引发的辩论和讨论并改善我们社会的良性进程。
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