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culture shock ['kʌltʃə] [ʃɒk] 文化冲击；文化休克
camp [kæmp] 度假营
*firework ['faɪəwɜːk] 烟火；烟花
*turkey ['tɜːkɪ] 火鸡
international [ɪntə'næʃ(ə)n(ə)l] 国际的
admit [əd'mɪt] (常指勉强）承认
spare [speə] 空闲的；空余的
degree [dɪ'griː] 程度
fail [feɪl] 失败；未能（做到）
manage ['mænɪdʒ] 完成（困难的事）；勉力完成
人生在勤，不索何获
idiom ['ɪdɪəm] 习语；惯用语
everyday ['evrɪdeɪ; -'deɪ] 每天的；日常的
uniform ['juːnɪfɔːm] 校服
whatever [wɒt'evə] 任何事物；一切事物
pink [pɪŋk] 粉红色的
purple ['pɜːp(ə)l] 紫色的
anyway ['enɪweɪ] 无论如何；反正
especially [ɪ'speʃ(ə)lɪ; e-] 尤其；特别
baseball ['beɪsbɔːl] 棒球运动
education [edjʊ'keɪʃ(ə)n] 有教益的经历
state [steɪt] 州，国家
national ['næʃ(ə)n(ə)l] 国家的；民族的；全国的
president ['prezɪd(ə)nt] 总统
vacation [vəˈkeɪʃn; veɪ-] 假期
schedule [ˈʃɛdjuːl] 日程安排
set off 使（炸弹等）爆炸
take off 脱下
in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间里
to a certain degree 在某种程度上
get used to 习惯于；适应
under the weather 略有不适；不得劲
Culture shock
文化冲击
Brad Li is a junior high school student in China. He visited the US on an international exchange last year, and now he is giving a speech about his experience.
布兰德·李是中国一所初中的学生。去年，作为国际交流的学生，他来到了美国。现在，他正在讲述他在美国的经历。
Living in another country
在国外生活
My name is Brad Li. I'm here today to tell you about my experience as an exchange student in the United States last year.
我的名字叫布兰德·李。去年，作为在美国的交换生，我给大家讲一讲我在美国的生活经历。
I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me. Many things were strange to me: the language, the food and even the school.
首先，我必须得承认，美国的文化和中国的文化实在是太不一样了。对我来说，好多事情都是陌生的：语言，食物甚至是学校。
I stayed with a host family in a small town. My host parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldn't miss home or feel lonely.
我寄宿在美国一个小镇的家庭里。户主是赫斯特先生和他的夫人。在空闲时间，他们让我参加了很多活动，这样我就不会太思念祖国和家人。
However, to a certain degree, life in the US was hard to get used to. My main problem was with the language. I failed to understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms. For example, they often say they are "under the weather" when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China.
但是，从某种程度来说，美国的生活很艰苦，并且很难适应。我最大的问题就是语言。在刚来的那几周，因为当地人说话语速很快，我很难听懂他们在讲什么。后来，我慢慢地习惯了这种语速，但是我又遇到了新的难题，那就是，当地人经常说一些俚语。比方说，他们经常用“under the weather”表示他们生病了。他们日常语言和我们在国内学习的语言有很大的区别。
Another difference was the food. My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings, rice and delicious dishes from home.
另一个不同的地方就是食物。我的房东每餐都吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我非常想念祖国的饺子、米饭以及很多美食。
School was a big shock too. They do not require students to wear uniforms, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyles as well. Some students even have pink or purple hair!
学校也是让我感到惊奇的地方。学校并不要求学生们穿统一的校服，这样，学生们就可以想穿什么就穿什么。有的同学留着奇怪的发型，还有的同学甚至染着粉色和紫色的头发！
Anyway, I have many great memories of that year, especially playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball. At Halloween, I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey.
不管怎么样，那一年给我留下了深刻的印象，特别是在雪中打雪仗和打棒球。在万圣节，我打扮成哈利波特参加了一个化装舞会。在感恩节，我们吃了一只巨大的火鸡。
It was an exciting year, and it was a valuable education for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well.
这一年让我很兴奋，我也深受教育。现在，我越来越熟悉美国的文化。我的美国朋友问了我许多关于在中国生活的问题，这也让我想起了祖国的文化。
Education in the UK
英国的教育
Every child in the UK must receive a full-time education until the age of 16. Parents can choose to send their children either to a state school, which is free, or to a private school, where a fee is required.
在英国，每个小孩在16岁前都要接受全日制教育。父母可以既可以选择把孩子们送到免费的公立学校学习，也可以把孩子们送到收费的私立学校学习。
The school year is generally divided into three terms. Each term ends in a holiday. The summer holiday is the longest and usually lasts from the middle of July to the beginning of September.
每学年一般分为3个学期。每个学期结束后就是假日。暑假是最长的一个假日，通常从每年的7月中旬一直持续到9月初。
Education has two main stages - primary school and secondary school. Primary schools are for students from the age of 5 to 11. The main subjects are Maths, English, History, Geography, Science, Art, Music and PE. Secondary schools are for students from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. The same subjects are taught there, as well as other subjects such as foreign languages (usually French, German or Spanish), Technology and Computer Studies.
英国教育分为两个主要的学习阶段——小学和中学。小学生的年龄段为5岁到11岁。小学课程主要有数学、英语、历史、地理、自然、艺术、音乐和体育。中学生的年龄段为11岁至16岁或18岁。课程和小学课程类似，但是也加入了其他几门课程，如外语（通常为法语，德语和西班牙语），技术和电脑学习。
After the age of 16, students can either find a job or continue their studies at a school or college until they are 18. Between the ages of 16 and 18, students must choose only three or four subjects to study. At the end of the two years, they must take some important exams. If they do well, they can then go on to study at university. There are over 100 universities in the UK, and the most famous are the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.
16岁以后，学生们可以选择就业，也可以选择继续在学院学习，一直学习到18岁。在16岁和18岁期间，学生们必须要选择3至4门课程学习。在两年学习快要结束的时候，他们必须要参加一些重要的考试。如果成绩合格，他们可以去大学学习。在英国大概有100多所大学，最著名的就是牛津大学和剑桥大学。
set off 使（炸弹等）爆炸
take off 脱下，（飞机等）起飞
get used to 习惯与，适应
on time 准时，按时
turn on 打开
take part in 参加
to a certain degree 在某种程度上
under the weather 略有不适，不得劲
get married (to sb.) （与某人）结婚
in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间里
经典句型
1. I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me.
我必须承认，起初美国（文化）对我来说是一次大的文化冲击。
2. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms.
虽然我勉力适应了，但我仍然有麻烦，因为他们用了许多习语。
3. Parents can choose to send their children either to a state school, which is free, or to a private school, where a fee is required.
父母可以选择送他们的孩子或者去免费的公立学校，或者去收费的私立学校。
一、so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：
①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
②从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
(目的状语从句)
清楚地表达以便他们可以理解你。
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.
(结果状语从句)
杰克生病了，所以必须休息。
二、how many 与 how much 的区别：
1、所修饰词
how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，它的句式是:How many+复数名词+ 一般疑问句+
how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。
2、用法不同
How many 表示多少，用来问数量。
例如：How many apples do you have?
翻译：你有多少苹果？
How much 表示多少钱，用来问价格。
例如：How much is this dress?
翻译：这个连衣裙多少钱？
how many的用法
对there be句型中主语的数量如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数一般都用复数形式提问。
因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式,所以be一定要用are.即用How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语 的句型结构。
例如:
1、There is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑句)
How many books are there on the desk 翻译：有多少本书在桌子上？
2、There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分进行提问)
How many days are there in a week 翻译：一周有多少天？
how much 的用法
1、用来询问事物的数量，后接不可数名词。例如：
How much milk is there in the glass 翻译：玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？
2、用来询问事物的重量。例如：
-How much does the pig weigh
翻译：这头猪多重？
-Eighty kilos.翻译：八十公斤。
3、how much 意为“多少钱”时，可单独使用，也可构成词组how much money，但英语中常省略money，用来询问某物的价钱、价格。
（注意：how much询问价格时，回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan,fen来表示，几角常采用几十分来表示，字母用小写，且不用复数。例如:
－How much is the eraser
翻译：这块橡皮擦多少钱？
－Ninety two fen.
翻译：九角二分。）
4、用来询问数字计算的结果，相当于what。
例如：
－How much is three plus one
翻译：三加一等于多少？
－It ’s four.
翻译：等于四。
三、表示时间、地点的介词，最常用的是 in、on、at
这三个介词，可以说是考试考查频率最高的。因为初中英语对介词的使用要求不高，还没有脱离介词的最基础含义，所以掌握起来并不难。
我们先看 at
无论表示时间点还是空间点，at 都用于“小而具体”的名词前，比如时间表达“在几点”，地点表达“在哪儿”，例如：
at the moment：此时此刻
at nine o'clock：在9点
at noon：在中午
at the cinema：在剧院
at the door：在门口
at the party：在晚会上
但是注意有个特殊的，at night，不是一个时间点，而是指“在夜间”。
再看 in
in 的本意是“在……之内”，表示时间的时候，指的是在一个比较长的时间段之内，表示地点的时候，表示在地点名词内部。例如：
in summer：在夏季
in May：在五月份
in the evening：在傍晚
in the village：在村里
in the school：在学校里
再看 on
on 用于表示地点的时候，表示接触的“上方”，表示时间的时候，用于具体的日期前、节日前，如果每个早晨、下午、晚上被修饰，也会用 on 。
on Monday：在周一
on May 1st：在五月一号
on Christmas：在圣诞节那天
on the night of May 1st：五月一日当晚
这里还要注意一些特殊的情况：
at school：在学校（上学）
at church：在教堂（做礼拜）
in the school：在这个学校里（有事儿）
in the church：在这个教堂里面（有事儿）
in hospital：住院
in the hospital：在这个医院里（有事儿）
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