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build up 建立
Skiing: An unforgettable experience
滑雪：一次难忘的经历
by Vanessa
作者：瓦内萨
Last year, my parents took me on a very special holiday.
去年，我的父母带我度过了一个非常难忘的假日。
My dream was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports and flew over the Pacific to Calgary, Canada. We took a bus to a ski resort in the Canadian Rockies. As the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was dying to get out and play with it! At last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We were like little children - we made snowballs, and threw them at one another! Then we checked in at the hotel. We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel. We could not wait to get out and ski.
我的梦想就是能够亲眼看见真正的雪。于是，在圣诞节期间，我们带上护照，飞过太平洋，来到加拿大的卡尔加里。我们乘坐大巴来到位于加拿大落基山脉的滑雪乐园。当大巴沿着山路行走的时候，我们看见了树木上覆盖着厚厚的雪。我迫不及待地想出去玩雪。这是我们第一件看见雪。我们像小孩儿一样打雪球，把它们一个接着一个地扔出去。然后我们就在酒店入住了。我们看见酒店对面有一条滑雪道，我们已经亟不可待地出去滑雪。
The next day, we put on our ski suits and gloves, took our skis and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found myself unable to walk! Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple. Our instructor took us to a gentle slope, and showed us some basic skills. To be honest, that first lesson was not a great success. I kept on falling over, and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance.
第二天，我们穿上滑雪服，戴上手套，带着滑雪板，来到了滑雪的地方。第一次穿上滑雪服让我觉得有点不太适应。突然，我发现自己已经不会走路了！然后，我们找了一个年轻的教练，让他教我们怎么滑雪。教练带我们来到了一条初级滑雪道，教了我们一些基础的滑雪技巧。说实话，第一堂滑雪课并不算太成功。我一直不断地在跌倒，我不得不抓紧手杖来保持平衡。
However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few rapid runs. I felt pleased with myself, and my instructor told me I was doing much better. Although it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time.
不过，第二天的时候，我仅仅摔了几次，而且我学会了做一些快速的滑行。我自我感觉良好，但是教练说我还可以做的更好。虽然天气很寒冷，但是大部分的假日时间我都在外面滑雪。我度过了一个愉快的假日。
It was all over too soon. It was a shame, but we had to leave. I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday this year.
这一切结束的太快了。虽然很留恋这里的一切，但是我们不得不离开了。我希望爸妈能够在下一个假日，继续带我来这里滑雪。
More practice
Faster, Higher, Stronger
更快，更高，更强
The Olympic Games have a long history. They began in Greece and lasted for over a thousand years, until 394 AD. The ancient Olympic Games were very different from the Olympics we have today. In ancient times, only the Greeks took part in the Olympics, and women were not allowed to join or even watch them.
奥林匹克运动会有着悠久的历史。它发源于公元前394年的希腊，距今有1000多年的历史。古代奥运会和现代奥运会有着很大的区别。在古代，只有希腊人参加奥运会，妇女是不允许参加奥运会的，甚至都不允许她们观看奥运会。
The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece in 1896. Every four years, athletes from all over the world take part in different sports at the Olympics. Many of these athletes are women.
1896年，第一届现代奥运会在希腊举办。每隔四年，来自世界各地的运动健儿参加奥运会的不同比赛项目。这些运动员中，很多都是女性运动员。
A large group of athletes at the Olympics takes part in track and field events. Track events, such as running, test a person's speed. Field events, such as the high jump, long jump and shot put, test how high or far someone can jump or throw an object.
奥运会上，一大群运动员参加了田径比赛项目。田赛项目主要是跑步，测量运动员的速度。径赛项目主要包括跳高、跳远、推铅球，测试运动员能够跳的多高，跳的多远，或者能把铅球推的多远。
One of the most exciting events in the Olympics is the 100-metre race. More than one hundred years ago, the world record for the men's 100-metre race was 10.6 seconds. However, athletes have run faster and faster over the years. In 1960, the record was 10 seconds. Then at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the record was set at 9.69 seconds.
奥运会中最有意思的一个项目是100米赛跑。100多年前，男子100米赛跑的世界纪录是10.6秒。但是，运动员跑的速度是一年比一年快。1960年，新的世界纪录是10秒。2008年的北京奥运会，新的世界纪录改写成9.69秒。
The Olympic motto "Faster, Higher, Stronger" is what the Olympics are all about.
奥运会的口号是“更快、更高、更强”，这也是阐述了奥运会的宗旨。
短语：
1.play with... 玩......, 跟......玩
2.at last 最后
3.one another 互相
4.put on 穿上，戴上
5.to be honest 老实说
6.fall over 被......绊倒
7.hold on to 抓紧
8.keep one’s balance 保持平衡
9.a few 几个，一些
10.arrive at 到达
11.by bus 乘公共汽车
12.up to 直到
13.play against 与......对抗
14.a lot 非常，很
15.more than 超过，多样
16.millions of 数以百万计的，无数的
17.be far from 离.....远
18.(be) full of 充满......
19.be good for 对......有好处
20.build up 建立
21.how often 多久一次
22.at any time 在任何时间，随时
23.begin with 以.....开始
24.take part in 参加
25.such as 例如
26.all over the world 全世界
27.check in (at)（在旅馆、机场等）登记, 报到
28.feel pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意
29.have a wonderful time 过得愉快, 玩得开心
30.keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
用法集萃
1.make sb do sth. 使某人做某事
2.keep on doing sth. 继续/反复做某事
3.have to do sth. 必须/不得不做某事
4.manage to do sth. 设法做某事
5.much +比较级，......的多
6.in order to do sth为了做某事
7.learn to do sth 学着做某事
8.want to do sth 想要做某事
9.learn (to) do sth. 学着做某事
10.start doing sth. 开始做某事
11.(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事，极想做某事
12.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
13.spend some time (in) doing sth 花费多少时间做某事
14.It is/was adj. to do sth 做某事是......的
15.one of the 形容词最高级+可数名词复数，最......之一
经典句型
1. My dream was to see some real snow.
我的梦想是去看一些真正的雪。
2. It was a shame, but we had to leave.
真是遗憾，但我们不得不离开。
3. How can I get to the ski resort?
我怎样能去滑雪旅游胜地？
4. You can get there by underground.
你可以乘地铁去那里。
5. What sport do you like best?
你最喜欢什么体育运动？
八大时态复习
一般现在时
1.表经常发生的事情、习惯性的动作。
It seldom rains here .
2.表内心活动感情等。
I don't think you are right.
3.陈述客观事实、客观真理。
The sun rises in the east.
日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight.
十减二等于八。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
美国位于太平洋西岸。
4.表预定的行为。
The train leaves at 9 .
5.描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
He can speak five foreign languages .
他能说五种外语。
That is a beautiful city .
那是座美丽的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music .
她主修音乐。
All my family love football .
我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others .
我妹妹总是乐于助人。
6. 主句为一般将来时， 时间或条件状语从句用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
特殊用法：（一般现在时表示过去）
1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如：
I hear that he got married last month.
我听说他上个月结婚了。
Mary says you told her to come over here.
玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如：
The story is set in the summer of 1937.
故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937.
故事开始于1937年。
基本结构: 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要变三单外，其他形式用动词原形。
I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
一般将来时
1. 要在将来的某个时间内发生，表示“将来的动作或状态”。
I shall / will not be free tomorrow.
2. 表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性。
Who is going to speak first?
3.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事。
The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.
特殊用法（表示将来的五种常用非时态方式）
1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。
She is to play Juliet.
她扮演朱丽叶。
You are to make the necessary changes.
你要做出必要的改变。
2. “be about to + v.”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。
The package is about to come unwrapped.
那个包快散开了。
3. “be going + v.”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。
We are going to call her this evening.
我们打算今晚给她打电话。
My sister’s going to have a baby this summer.
我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。
4. 用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。
The students are leaving on Sunday.
学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next week.
我们下星期将开一个晚会。
5. 用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。
We have a holiday tomorrow.
我们明天放假。
The train leaves at 10:04 this evening.
火车今晚10:04分开。
基本结构：
1.由 will 加动词原形构成，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用 shall 加动词原形。
2. be going + v.：
Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home.
今晚给我打电话，我会在家。
I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time.
下次我要干得好些。
The car is going to start.
车开不了啦。
Oil and water will not mix.
油和水没法混在一起。
现在进行时
1.说话时正在发生的动作。
They are having a football match.
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作。
He is preparing for CET Band Six.
3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等。
She is often doing well at school.
4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作。
Are you staying here till next week?
5. 现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
They’re getting married next month.
基本结构：现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。
They’re having a meeting.
他们在开会。
I’m studying at an evening school.
我在上夜校。
You’re always interrupting me!
你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys.
我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
She’s always helping people.
她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
过去进行时
1.表示过某时刻正在进行的动作。
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
2.用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke …
3.表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。
We left there when it's getting dark
4.某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过
I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”，连接两分句时，短暂性动词用过去时，延续性动词用过去进行时。
I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
现在完成时
1. 表示截止现在业已完成的动作。
By now, I have collected all the data that I need.
2. 表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作。
I haven’t seen the film yet.
3. 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续。
I have learned English for 8 years.
注意：瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词，不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定可用完成时，也可接表示一段时间的状语。
× He has come to Beijing since last year.
√ He has lived in Beijing since last year.
× He has joined the army for 3 years.
√ He has served in the army for 3 years.
√ He joined the army 3 years ago.
√ He has been a soldier for 3 years.
√ It is 3 years since he joined the army.
常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。
过去完成时
1. 发生在“过去的过去”。
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用。
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
3.在过去某时刻之前开始一直延续到现在。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
过去完成时的判断:
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
by + 过去的时间点：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
by the end of + 过去的时间点：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
before + 过去的时间点：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"过去的过去"来判定
宾语从句中：在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
状语从句中： 通常用在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中。
When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
表示意向的动词，hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
基本结构：由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。
She said she had never been to Paris.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
过去将来时
1. 宾语从句或间接引语中。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作。
During that period, he would do this every day.
3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
基本结构：过去将来时由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成
I knew you would agree.
我知道你会同意的。
I said I would arrange everything.
我说我来安排一切。
一．根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A．B．C三个选项中选出恰当的词语完成句子。
( )1. A is a popular holiday center.
A. resort B. countryside C. city
( )2. The box was heavy but he to carry it.
A. failed B. succeeded C. managed
( )3. --Is Mr. Franco Hollande a/an person?
--Yes, he never tells a tie. We all trust him.
A. friendly B.successful C. honest
( )4. I need to apply for a because I will go to Canada next month.
A. ticket B. job C.passport
( )5. If you an organization or a school, you start to work there or become a member of it.
A. enter B. leave C. apply
( )6. means pressure that iscaused by the problems of daily life.
A. Intelligence B. Stress C. Instruction
( )7. I a stone in a dark street and hurt my knees.
A. fell over B. fell off C. fell away
二．从下面每小题的A，B，C三个选项中选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项。
( )1. Have you seen the house opposite the railway station?
A. at the end of
B.in the middle of
C. on the other side of
( )2. What a shame! You missed such a wonderful film.
A. pity B. surprise C. joy
( )3. When we arrived, it was already midnight and the party was over.
A. started B. ended C. continued
( )4. We were dying to hear the announcement of the winner of the race.
A. notice B. news C. information
( )5.I'm afraid I can't afford the medical fee.
A. gift B. product C. bill
( )6. To be honest, I'd rather stay at home than go out with him.
A. To be serious
B. To be fair
C. To tell the truth
( )7. I am dying to meet my old friend because we haven't seen each
other for three years.
A. can't wait to
B. don't want to
C. agree to
( )8. Mr Smith is going to build up a new business next month.
A. set out
B. set up
C. make up
三．完形填空。
( )1. A.anywhere B.somewhere C.Everywhere
( )2. A.among B. through C.with
( )3. A.our B. your C.their
( )4. A.to asking B.to speak C.to ask
( )5. A.them B.themselves C.their
( )6. A.changed B.stopped C.worked
( )7. A.people B.cities C.ages
( )8. A.come from B.look for C.care for
( )9. A.few B.many C.little
( )10. A.how B.where C.because
四. 阅读理解。
How do you spend your spare time? There will be different answers to it. Most people in Poland (波兰)have their own ways of spending free time. Sometimes they just want to take arest, but they try to do something more pleasant most of the time. They have many different hobbies, which help them to get away their everyday problems and spend their free time happily.
Many Polish (波兰的) people like traveling. They always look for new places that they have never been to and add new and exciting experiences to their journey. Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to a sea or alake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health.
Many Polish people also like to do sports in their free time. They are usually crazy about football, and football is regarded as the Polish national sport. Many football fans may support acertain team, so they go to watch every match of the team they support, and they buy many things that have any relation with the team. Watching sport and doing it both are good ways to relax.
In addition, doctors say that doing sports is very good for health. Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to attend the exercise classes to keep it.
Besides these ways, Polish people have many other ways to spend their free time. And they really enjoy their free time.
( )1. Polish people have many hobbies in order to .
A. solve their daily problems
B. finish all their work
C. make more friends
D. relax themselves in their spare time
( )2. Why do some Polish people like climbing mountains?
A. Because they hate traveling.
B. Because they can get exercise from it.
C. Because they can find a new place.
D. Because it is comfortable and funny.
( )3. Which of the following sports is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Playing football.
B. Climbing mountains.
C. Skating.
D. Swimming.
( )4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Football is many Polish people's favorite sport
B. Young Polish people often go to the gym.
C. All the Polish people do sports in their spare time
D. Most Polish people like watching sport.
( )5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Polish culture is colorful.
B. We can have many ways of spending our free time.
C. A doctor can give you good advice.
D. It is no need doing sport activities.
五、书面表达。
课外活动可以让我们增长知识、发展智力、开阔视野和塑造性格。许多学校创造性地开展了课外活动，如朗诵、唱歌、讲故事、演话剧、办刊物以及举办各种体育活动等。最近，某中学生英文报开设了“After-class Activities”的栏目。请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。
提示：1．你校开展课外活动的情况；
2．你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处；
3．为同学选择课外活动或为学校开设课外活动提出建议。
注意：1.80词以上；
2．文中不得提及具体人名、校名及地名；
3．稿件的开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）。
After-class Activities
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in junior schools.
参考答案
一、
1-7 ACCCA BA
二、
1-8 CABAC CAB
三、
1-5 CBCCB 6-10 ACACC
四、
1-5 DBCAB
五、
After-class Activities
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular injunior schools. In our school there are various kinds of activities, for example, arts and sports. We enjoy them very much. Playing football and reading are my favorites which do me lots of good. Besides building my body anti improving my skills, they also free me from the heavy work of study.
I have some suggestions here. To students, we'd better choose the activities which interest us and our schools should organize more activities for students and leave more time for activities by giving us less homework. Dear friends, please actively take part in after activities, which will not only make your school life colorful, but also improve your learning.（供参考）
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