2021年MTI备考双语热词（2）
大家好，我是M君
一个集才华与经验于一身的良心小编
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No.1
降低存款准备金率
实用词汇
金融供给侧结构性改革 the supply-side structural reform of the financial sector
稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy
收入分配 distribution of income
降低存款准备金率 cut the reserve requirement ratio
热词背景
存款准备金是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款。中央银行要求的存款准备金占其存款总额的比例就是存款准备金率。中国人民银行通过调整存款准备金率，可以影响金融机构的信贷扩张能力，从而间接调控货币供应量。
双语例句
1月1日，中国人民银行宣布将降低金融机构存款准备金率，释放资金8000多亿元。此举旨在保持“流动性合理充裕”，降低实体经济融资成本。自2018年初以来，中国人民银行已八次下调存款准备金率。
China's central bank decided on Wednesday to inject more than 800 billion yuan into the financial sector by reducing the amount of cash financial institutions must keep in reserve. The move is designed to maintain "reasonably ample" liquidity and lower financing costs for the real economy. The central bank has cut the reserve requirement ratio eight times since early 2018.
金融要为实体经济服务，满足经济社会发展和人民群众需要。经济是肌体，金融是血脉，两者共生共荣。
Finance should play its role in serving the real economy, catering to economic and social development while meeting the needs of the people. The economy and finance are interdependent and should grow and thrive together.
——2019年2月23日，习近平主持中共中央政治局第十三次集体学习
No.2
商业养老保险
实用词汇
商业养老保险 commercial endowment insurance
社区养老 community-based elderly care
社会保障体系 social security system
基本养老保险制度 basic pension schemes
热词背景
2019年12月30日召开的国务院常务会议提出，加快发展商业养老保险，优化养老保险结构。借鉴国际经验，支持开发多样化的养老年金保险产品和适应60岁以上老人需求的医疗、意外伤害等保险产品。加快发展商业长期护理保险。
双语例句
12月30日召开的国务院常务会议提出，要积极发展社会服务领域商业保险，为更有力应对老龄化提供支撑，满足群众其他保险保障需求。会议提出，加快发展商业养老保险，优化养老保险结构。
China will actively promote the development of commercial insurance in social services to provide stronger support for the aging population and cater to public demands for other types of insurances, the State Council's executive meeting decided on Monday. It was agreed at the meeting that commercial endowment insurance will be developed at a faster pace and the overall pension insurance structure will be refined.
按照兜底线、织密网、建机制的要求，全面建成覆盖全民、城乡统筹、权责清晰、保障适度、可持续的多层次社会保障体系。全面实施全民参保计划。
We will act on the policy requirements to help those most in need, to build a tightly woven safety net, and to build the necessary institutions, as we work to develop a sustainable multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population in both urban and rural areas, with clearly defined rights and responsibilities, and support that hits the right level. We will work to see that everyone has access to social security.
——2017年10月18日，习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告
No.3
资本市场改革
实用词汇
资本市场改革 capital market reform
注册制 registration-based system
科创板 sci-tech innovation board
市场化改革 market-oriented reforms
热词背景
新证券法获通过标志着中国资本市场在市场化、法治化道路上又迈出至关重要的一步。作为资本市场的根本法，各方期待完成大修的证券法给市场生态带来深刻变化，更好护航资本市场改革发展。新证券法直击资本市场三大焦点问题，在证券发行制度、投资者保护、法律责任等方面进行了完善。一是为分步稳妥推进注册制打开法律空间。注册制是此次证券法修改的一个重要内容。
双语例句
12月28日，十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过了修订后的《中华人民共和国证券法》（下称新证券法）。这是我国资本市场改革进程中的一大里程碑。新证券法将于2020年3月1日起正式施行，内容分十四章，对证券发行、证券交易、上市公司收购、信息披露、投资者保护等方面作了详细规定。
A draft revision to China's Securities Law was adopted Saturday by the country's top legislature, a milestone in China's capital market reform. It was approved at the end of a six-day bimonthly session of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. Effective on March 1, 2020, the revised Securities Law has 14 chapters, outlining regulation details in securities issuance and trading, the takeover of listed companies, information disclosure as well as investor protection.
要建设一个规范、透明、开放、有活力、有韧性的资本市场，完善资本市场基础性制度，把好市场入口和市场出口两道关，加强对交易的全程监管。
We should establish a standard, transparent, open, dynamic and resilient capital market that has sound fundamental institutional arrangements, proper management on market access and exit and tightened full-process supervision on transactions.
——2019年2月22日，习近平在中共中央政治局第十三次集体学习时强调
No.4
校园贷
实用词汇
校园贷 campus loans
裸贷 loans secured against nude photos
收费混乱 illegal charges
暴力催收 forcible debt collection
不良贷款 non-performing loan/NPL
讨债人 debt collector
借据 IOU/I owe you
个人对个人借贷 P2P (peer-to-peer) lending
超前消费 excessive consumption
热词背景
校园贷始于2014年，到2015年迎来爆发式增长，但因随后爆发的“裸贷、收费混乱、暴力催收”等负面事件备受舆论质疑。2017年，银监会、教育部、人社部、互联网金融委员会等发布通知，禁止违规机构向大学生提供校园贷服务。
双语例句
该黑名单对失信被执行人（个人及公司法人）的姓名、身份证号等信息进行公示，希望以此方式使他们执行法院判决。
The blacklist publishes personal details, including names and identity card numbers, of individuals and legal representatives of companies who refused to comply with court orders to shame them into compliance.
虽然我们国家3年前就禁止网贷平台提供校园贷了，但是部分学生依然承担着债务纠纷导致的经济和信用负担。学生作为债务人仍然需要按照法庭判决和有效合同偿还债务。
Some students are still shouldering an economic and credit burden in debt disputes, even though our country prohibited online platforms from lending money to students three years ago. Students, as the debtors, still need to repay the debts in line with court rulings and valid contracts.
鉴于学生没有什么储蓄，而这种借款记录可能会对他们未来的就业、深造以及银行贷款申请产生影响，最高法决定不将学生列入失信名单的决定很及时，人性化，也很必要。
Given that many students have little savings and the borrowing records will influence their future, such as in employment, further studies, or bank loans, the top court's decision on removing them from the dishonest list, I think, is timely, humane and necessary.
No.5
只争朝夕，不负韶华
实用词汇
只争朝夕，不负韶华 seize the day and live it to the fullest
全面建成小康社会 finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
礼赞新中国、奋斗新时代的前进洪流 a surging current that sings an ode to New China and inspires us to work harder in the new era
热词背景
贺词回顾总结2019年取得的扎实成就，发出决胜全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的进军号令，彰显了共产党人的初心与使命，凝聚起同心共筑中国梦的磅礴力量。2020年是全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划圆满收官之年，也是脱贫攻坚决战决胜之年，在我国发展史上具有里程碑意义。迈向2020，我们将要取得决胜全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的伟大胜利。这是不屈不挠、长期奋斗的结果，更是启航新征程、扬帆再出发的动员。
双语例句
新年前夕，国家主席习近平发表了2020年新年贺词。贺词指出，2020年是具有里程碑意义的一年。我们将全面建成小康社会，实现第一个百年奋斗目标。
President Xi Jinping on Tuesday delivered a New Year speech in Beijing to ring in 2020, pledging to achieve the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the "milestone" year.
让我们只争朝夕，不负韶华，共同迎接2020年的到来。
Let's seize the day and live it to the fullest, and greet the arrival of the year 2020 together.
——2019年12月31日，习近平发表2020年新年贺词
No.6
长江干流
实用词汇
长江干流 the Yangtze River mainstream
支流 tributary
分流 distributary
合流处 confluence
国家公园体制 national park system
生态文明 ecological civilization
山水林田湖草系统治理 a holistic approach to conserving mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands
绿水青山就是金山银山 lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets
热词背景
根据《国务院办公厅关于加强长江水生生物保护工作的意见》以及农业农村部、财政部和人力资源社会保障部印发的《长江流域重点水域禁捕和建立补偿制度实施方案》，2020年1月1日起，长江流域的重点水域将分类分阶段实行渔业禁捕。
双语例句
2020年起，长江流域332个保护区全面禁止生产性捕捞；最迟自2021年1月1日零时起，禁渔范围将扩大至所有长江干流和重要支流天然水域。
Starting from this year, the fishing ban will be observed in 332 conservation areas in the Yangtze River basin, which will also be expanded to all natural waterways of the river and its major tributaries from no later than Jan 1,2021.
生态破坏也使得渔业生产受到严重影响。20世纪50年代，年长江流域天然捕捞量超过42万吨，近年来长江每年的捕捞量也不足10万吨，约占全国淡水水产品总量的0.32%。
Biological deterioration has reduced fishing activities along the Yangtze as well, which now only produces 0.32 percent of China's total freshwater aquatic products. In recent years, annual catch from the Yangtze has fallen to less than 100,000 tonnes from more than 420,000 tonnes in the 1950s.
针对珍稀物种采取保护措施；构建长江水生生物调查监测平台；根据渔业资源恢复情况，改进保护管理政策。
Efforts will also be made to protect rare species and enhance monitoring over aquatic life in the Yangtze, and to improve protection and management strategies in accordance with biological resource restoration progress.
No.7
保护长江流域生态环境
实用词汇
保护长江流域生态环境 protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin
南水北调 South-to-North Water Diversion
长江经济带 the Yangtze River Economic Belt
长江三角洲地区 the Yangtze River Delta
热词背景
草案依据长江流域自然地理状况，以流经的相关19个行政区域范围为基础，将法律适用的地理范围确定为长江全流域相关县级行政区域。针对特定区域、特定问题，草案从国土空间用途管控、生态环境修复、水资源保护与利用、推进绿色发展、法律实施与监督等方面作出了具体制度和措施规定。
双语例句
12月23日，《中华人民共和国长江保护法（草案）》提请审议。长江保护法将保护长江流域生态环境，推进绿色发展。草案共计九章八十四条，是我国首部流域性保护法律。
Chinese lawmakers Monday started deliberating a draft law on Yangtze River conservation aimed at protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin and facilitating green development. Consisting of nine chapters with 84 provisions, the draft is China's first legislation on a specific river basin.
绝不容许长江生态环境在我们这一代人手上继续恶化下去，一定要给子孙后代留下一条清洁美丽的万里长江！
We must not allow the ecological environment of the Yangtze River to continue deteriorating in the hands of our generation, and we must leave our descendants a clean and beautiful Yangtze River.
——2018年4月25日，习近平在长江湖南岳阳段考察时强调
No.8
京张高铁
实用词汇
京张高铁 the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway
京沪高铁 Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway
城际高铁 intercity high-speed rail
动车 bullet train
热词背景
京张高铁是国家《中长期铁路网规划》中“八纵八横”京兰通道的重要组成部分，也是北京冬奥会重要配套基础设施工程，于2015年12月开工建设。京张高铁起自北京北站，途经清河站、昌平站、八达岭长城站、东花园北站、怀来站、下花园北站、宣化北站、张家口站，全长174公里。新建崇礼铁路位于河北省张家口市，南起京张高铁下花园北站，北至太子城站，全长52.2公里，主要服务于冬奥会崇礼赛区，与京张高铁同步开通运营。
双语例句
连接北京与2022年冬奥会合办城市张家口的高速铁路12月30日开通运营。该线路最高设计时速350公里，北京至张家口的通行时间将由3个多小时缩短至47分钟。
The high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation Monday. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it will reduce the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes.
京张高铁开通运营标志着冬奥会配套建设取得了新进展，其他各项筹备工作也都要高标准、高质量推进，确保冬奥会如期顺利举办。
The opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway marked new progress in the preparations for the Winter Olympics, and other related work should also be pushed ahead following high standards, making sure the Winter Olympics go as planned.
——2019年12月30日，习近平在北京至张家口高速铁路开通运营时作出的重要指示
No.9
民法典草案
实用词汇
民法典草案 draft civil code
禁止高利放贷 ban usury
性骚扰 sexual harassment
热词背景
十三届全国人大常委会第十五次会议12月23日在京举行，备受关注的民法典草案首次整体亮相。
双语例句
民法典草案共7编，依次为总则编、物权编、合同编、人格权编、婚姻家庭编、继承编、侵权责任编，以及附则。
The draft civil code consists of general provisions and six sections on property, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, torts and supplementary provisions.
草案规定，机关、企业、学校等单位应当采取合理措施，防止和制止利用职权、从属关系等实施性骚扰。
The draft stipulates that Party and government departments, enterprises, schools and other institutions shall adopt appropriate measures to prevent and stop sexual harassment behaviors that take advantage of power or posts.
草案将隐私的定义修改为“隐私是自然人的私人生活安宁和不愿为他人知晓的私密空间、私密活动、私密信息”。
The draft revised the definition of privacy as "peace of one's personal life and the private space, activity or information that a person does not want others to know".
No.10
北京礼物
实用词汇
北京礼物 Beijing Gifts
古都文化 culture of ancient capital
红色文化 red culture
京味文化 Beijing culture
创新文化 culture of innovation
精致工艺 refined craftsmanship
优良品质 top quality
热词背景
“北京礼物”品牌创建于2011年，是体现古都文化、红色文化、京味文化和创新文化内涵，展示北京世界城市形象，代表精致工艺、优良品质和丰富文化创意特色的北京旅游商品和文创产品的标志性品牌。该品牌于2014年由北京市旅游行业协会进行商标注册，2016年首次被写入全市高精尖产品目录。
双语例句
目前，全市共有20多家“北京礼物”线下店面，经营传统艺术品、老字号产品和纪念品。
More than 20 Beijing Gifts shops are up and running in the capital at the moment and offer traditional artworks, time-honored brand items and souvenirs.
此次评选活动于今年10月中旬开始，总投票数158万多张，评选活动共带动“北京礼物”参评企业近9150万元销售额，企业销售同比增长近20%。
The event has received more than 1.58 million votes since the middle of October, and this year's event has helped boost relevant business sales by 91.5 million yuan ($13.07 million), up 20 percent year-on-year.
No.11
首都功能核心区
实用词汇
首都功能核心区 core area of the capital
中轴线 the Central Axis
世界文化遗产 world culture heritage
地下文物埋藏区 underground archaeological ruins
城址遗存 ancient city ruins
革命史迹 revolutionary relics
非物质文化遗产 intangible culture heritage
热词背景
草案提出，强化“两轴、一城、一环”的城市空间结构，其中“两轴”为中轴线及长安街，中轴线以文化功能为主，长安街以国家行政、文化、国际交往功能为主；“一城”为北京老城；“一环”指沿二环路的文化景观环线。
双语例句
首都功能核心区，包括北京市的东城区和西城区两个行政区，总面积92.5平方公里，是全国政治中心、文化中心和国际交往中心的核心承载区，是历史文化名城保护的重点地区，是展示国家首都形象的重要窗口地区。
The core area of the capital, including Dongcheng and Xicheng districts and covering an area of 92.5 square km, will be endowed with the functions of the country's political, cultural and international exchange center. The area will also serve as a key conservation area of historical and cultural heritage and a window to display the capital city of China.
城市公共服务设施用地占规划区域总面积的比重将由现状11.1%提高到12.2%，公共空间面积占比将由现状34.4%提高到38.9%。
The land area for urban public facilities will increase from the current 11.1 percent to 12.2 percent of the total. Public spaces, both indoor and outdoor, will be raised from 34.4 percent currently to 38.9 percent.
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来源：中国日报网英语点津、中国日报、新华社、China Plus等