【期刊】果树真菌病害专栏 | 粉红聚端孢侵染新红星苹果的侵入途径与侵染时期
粉红聚端孢侵染新红星苹果的侵入途径与侵染时期
Infection route and period of Trichothecium roseum on Starkrimson Delicious apple
任艺华，戴蓬博，张荣，梁晓飞，韩立新，孙广宇
粉红聚端孢Trichothecium roseum引致的苹果霉心病发生严重。对于新红星品种，T. roseum的侵染过程尚未明确。本研究利用T. roseum荧光标记菌株TR45分析其在新红星品种上的侵染时期和侵入通道。发现T. roseum可以侵染花器组织，引起枯萎坏死；落花后10–15 d，受侵染的花器残体被萼片包裹于萼筒内，随后T. roseum从离生花柱合并处的孔口部位入侵进入合生花柱，沿花柱内的多细胞毛状体间扩展；花后30 d左右，花柱缝逐渐开裂，随果实膨大心室腔壁也开裂，逐渐形成一条贯通萼筒与心室开放通道——萼窦；花后60 d左右，T. roseum的菌丝沿着萼窦扩展进入心室腔，从心室上的裂缝进入果肉组织，最终引起果实霉心。本研究结果有助于解析新红星苹果品种发病重以及难防治的原因，对苹果霉心病防控新策略构建具有重要理论意义。
Apple moldy core caused by Trichothecium roseum is a severe disease. The infection route of T. roseum on Starkrimson Delicious cultivar is unclear. This research traced the pathogen colonization process of T. roseum on flower and fruit tissues of Starkrimson Delicious apple using a fluorescence labeling strain TR45. At the flowering period, the pathogen can colonize flower tissues, and cause necrosis and wilt symptom. In 10 to 15 days after flower fall, most infected flower residues accumulated within calyx tube, the pathogen mycelia infected into united style through stylar fissures, and then spread toward basal style along pluricellular hairs. In 30 days or so after flower fall, an opening sinus formed which connected calyx tube and carpel cavity. In 60 days or so after flower fall, hyphae spread into the carpel cavity along the opening sinus, and colonized fruit tissues through cracks on the carpel wall, causing fruit rot. The results reveal reasons underlying the high incidence of moldy core disease on Starkrimson Delicious apple, and provide implication for developing new disease control strategy against apple moldy core disease.
关键词：霉心病；心腐病；侵染途径；链格孢；毒素；果实病害；萼窦
[引用本文]
任艺华，戴蓬博，张荣，梁晓飞，韩立新，孙广宇，2022. 粉红聚端孢侵染新红星苹果的侵入途径与侵染时期. 菌物学报，41(8): 1227-1233
Ren YH, Dai PB, Zhang R, Liang XF, Han LX, Sun GY, 2022. Infection route and period of Trichothecium roseum on Starkrimson Delicious apple. Mycosystema, 41(8): 1227-1233
图1 粉红聚端孢侵染花器组织
A：苹果萼片(Se)处于开放状态；B：萼片闭合；C：封闭于萼筒内的花器残体(FR)；D：病变萼片(体视镜下)；E：病变萼片上的菌丝(Hy) (荧光显微镜下)；F：花器残体；G：花器残体上的菌丝(荧光显微镜下)；H：萼筒壁(CTW)横切面；I：萼筒壁上的菌丝(荧光显微镜下). 标尺=200 mm
Fig. 1 Flower tissues infected with Trichothecium roseum.A: Opening sepals (Se); B: Closed calyx tube formed by sepal gathering; C: Diseased flower residues (FR) enveloped in the calyx tube; CTW: Calyx tube wall; D: Diseased sepals; E: Hyphae (Hy) colonizing in sepals; F: Flower residues; G: Hyphae onflower residues; H: Transverse section of calyx tube wall; I: Hyphae on calyx tube wall. Bars=200 mm.
图2 菌丝通过花柱缝向果实内部扩展
A：花柱顶端离生(SS)底端合生(US)；B：合生花柱中花柱缝(ST)纵切面(体视镜下)；C：花柱缝中的多细胞毛状体(PH)；D：菌丝(Hy)定殖在合生花柱的花柱缝孔口部；E：菌丝沿花柱缝延伸(横切)；F：菌丝定殖花柱缝内(横切)；G：菌丝通过花柱缝扩展，不定殖在传输组织(TT)中(纵切)；H：菌丝沿着多细胞毛状体间组织延伸. 标尺=100 mm
Fig. 2 Hyphae penetrate inside apple fruit through stylar fissures. A: Separated styles (SS) fused at base and formed a united style (US); B: Longitudinalsection showing stylar fissures (ST) in a united style; C: Pluricellular hairs (PH) in a united stylar tube; D: Hyphae (Hy) colonizing in the opening of the stylar fissure; E: Hyphae elongating within stylar fissure (transverse sectioning); F: Hyphae colonizing in the stylar fissure (transverse sectioning); G: Hyphae expand to the inside through the stylar fissure, but not transmitting tissues (TT); H: Hyphae colonize and elongate along the pluricellular hairs. Bars=100 mm.
图3 菌丝通过开放萼窦向心室扩展
A：未开裂的萼窦(Si)和心室壁(CCW)；B：萼窦开放初期；C：开放萼窦贯通萼筒与心室；D：菌丝通过萼窦向心室扩展. 标尺=2 mm
Fig. 3 Hyphae expand into carpel cavities through the opening sinus. A: Un-opened sinus (Si) and carpel cavity wall (CCW); B: Opening sinus in early stage; C: Opening sinus is connected with carpel cavity; D: Hyphae expand to carpel cavities through the opening sinus. US: United style. Bars=2 mm.
图4 菌丝在心室扩展
A：菌丝侵染心室壁组织(CCW，箭头所示)；B：心室壁上的菌丝(Hy) (图A箭头所指部分的放大)；C：心室腔组织腐烂；D：腐烂扩展至果肉(FL)；E：花后90 d成熟果实心室裂缝(Cr)被感染(箭头所示)；F：心室裂缝上的菌丝(图E箭头所指部分的放大)；G：成熟果实心室腔及果肉腐烂. 标尺：A、C、D、E、G=1 mm；B、F=100 mm
Fig. 4 Hyphae expand in carpel cavities. A: Hyphae infecting carpel cavity wall (CCW, arrow indicating); B: Diseased carpel cavity wall; C: Rot on carpel cavity tissue; D: Rot in carpel cavity and flesh; E: Carpel crack (Cr) infected in 90 days after flower fall (arrow indicating); F: Hyphae infect the crack; G: Tissue rot in mature fruit. Bars：A, C, D, E, G =1 mm; B, F=100 mm.
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