大帕亚腾，我们的地理要塞

 

Sharing the latest articles of the UNESCO Courier with you.

与您第一时间分享联合国教科文《信使》杂志的最新文章。

罗尔丹 · 罗哈斯 · 帕雷德斯；威廉 · 纳瓦雷特 担任采访 

Roldán Rojas Paredes, interviewed by William Navarrete

这片区域曾在19 世纪被集约化橡胶生产破坏得千疮百孔，还曾被贩毒集团和游击队占领，沦为一处古柯种植泛滥的法外之地。到了20 世纪80年代，可卡因贩运已成常态。如今，情况已大有不同，数千名居民在这里开展复合农林经营，种植可可和其他作物。2016 年，联合国教科文组织将秘鲁中部科迪勒拉山脉这片区域划定为大帕亚腾生物圈保护区。罗尔丹·罗哈斯·帕雷德斯是这个项目的核心人物。

It was a region devastated by intensive rubber production in the nineteenth century, and occupied by drug cartels and guerrillas – who made it a lawless zone overrun by coca plants, where the trafficking of cocaine was routine – in the 1980s. But today thousands of people live off mixed agroforestry here, planting cacao and other crops. In this area of the Central Cordillera of Peru, UNESCO designated the Gran Pajatén Biosphere Reserve in 2016. Roldán Rojas Paredes was at the heart of the project.

©️ 在秘鲁的大帕亚腾生物圈保护区，乔尔· 迪亚兹（Joel Diaz） 为PUR Projet 重新造林项目种下了一棵树。

有些人从未听说过大帕亚腾生物圈保护区，您会怎样向他们介绍大帕亚腾呢？

How would you describe the Gran Pajatén Biosphere Reserve to someone who has never heard of it?

这是一片神奇的土地，汇集了两种截然不同的生态环境——安第斯山脉和亚马逊河，蕴含着丰富的自然多样性和文化多样性。保护区面积大约250 万公顷，生长着5000 种植物和900 多种动物，包括大约30 个当地特有物种。保存有大量考古遗迹的阿比赛欧河国家公园位于保护区范围内，并于1990 年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。自20 世纪80 年代中期以来，已有36 处前哥伦布时期的人类遗址在这一带被发现，它们的海拔高度分布于2500 米到4000 米之间。

It is an extraordinary place, characterized by a great natural and cultural diversity, because it brings together two totally different habitats – the Andes and the Amazon. Spread over some 2.5 million hectares, the reserve is home to 5,000 plant species and more than 900 animal species, about thirty of which are endemic. It also encompasses the Río Abiseo National Park, inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1990, which has an abundance of archaeological remains. Since the mid-1980s, thirty-six pre-Columbian sites have been discovered here, at altitudes ranging from 2,500 to 4,000 metres.

对我们这些土生土长的居民来说，这是一份独特的遗产。我们要对这份遗产负责，而遗产也要求我们必须把眼光放得长远些。

For those of us who were born here, all this constitutes a unique legacy, for which we feel responsible and which obliges us to think in the long term.

我认为这片保护区是我们的地理要塞，为本地人改善生活质量创造了绝佳条件，同时也为我们的子孙后代提供了大好的机会。

I see this reserve as our geographical fortress, offering us ideal conditions for a better quality of life and providing great opportunities for future generations.

我本人一直很喜欢这里的工作，我热爱我们的原始森林，爱它沁人心脾的绿色，还有它让我在居住此地期间切实感受到的蓬勃生机。这里异彩纷呈的文化、传说、想象、音乐和美食始终与我的生活息息相关。正是由于这个缘故，我远赴首都利马求学，希望学成归来之后能够向世人宣传这份珍贵的遗产。这就是我的工作。

Personally, I have always been attached to working on the land, to our primary forests, to their impressive greenery and the direct energy you receive from them when you live here. My life has always been intimately linked to the cultural richness, legends, imagination, music and gastronomy of this place. This is why I left to study in Lima, the capital, with every intention of returning to devote myself to promoting this exceptional heritage. Which is what I have done.

大帕亚腾成为联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区，对于当地17 万居民来说意味着什么？

What does the designation of Gran Pajatén as a UNESCO biosphere reserve mean for the region’s 170,000 inhabitants?

当地人曾经遭受了巨大的痛苦，橡胶联合企业、贩毒集团和游击队搅得这里民不聊生。不过到了21 世纪头十年，可可种植业的复兴帮助成千上万的民众摆脱了被动局面，不再为贫困所苦。我们逐步发展起复合型农林产业，这种做法尤其适合生产可可，因为可可树在其他树木的荫蔽下可以长得很茂盛。

The local population has suffered greatly in the past, plagued by rubber and drug cartels, and even guerrillas. But in the early 2000s, the revival of cacao farming enabled thousands of people to escape poverty and exclusion. Over time, we have developed mixed agroforestry, which is particularly well adapted to the production of cocoa, because cacao trees flourish in the shade of other trees.

我们的目标是要建成一个秘鲁国内首屈一指的有机可可产区。令人倍受鼓舞的是，2016 年，此地区被纳入了联合国教科文组织世界生物圈保护区网络（WNBR），这也说明我们的努力得到了认可。

The inscription of our region in UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) in 2016 gave us a tremendous boost. We saw it as a sign of recognition of the efforts we have put into becoming the leading organic cocoa-producing region in Peru.

对致力于保护大帕亚腾生态系统的“亚马逊万岁”基金会（FUNDAVI）而言，国际社会的认可则意味着新的机遇。那些曾经怀疑、冷落我们的公司现在开始关注我们了。例如，贵金属矿业公司Poderosa 目前就在投资支持本地的考古研究和农业研究，而且颇有成果。具体来说，该公司已有一本质量很高的考古手册出版，在农业方面则开展了一项关于马铃薯的研究。除此之外，Poderosa 还为我们的小学提供教材。

This international recognition has opened up new opportunities for the Amazonia Viva Foundation (FUNDAVI), which works to conserve the Gran Pajatén ecosystem. Now, companies that were once sceptical and snubbed us are taking an interest in us. Poderosa, the precious metal mining company, for example, is investing in archaeological research (it has just published an excellent handbook), agricultural research (it has launched a study on potatoes) and has provided us with teaching materials for primary schools.

一些新的外国投资方也主动向我们伸出援手，比如法国时尚公司香奈儿就与我们的“ 圣马丁生物走廊REDD +”项目签署了合作协议，争取减少温室气体排放。

We are also receiving offers from new foreign investors, such as Chanel, the French fashion house, which has signed a collaboration agreement with our Biocorridor Martín Sagrado REDD + project, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

您能多谈谈这个项目吗？

Could you tell us more about that project?

毗邻阿比赛欧河国家公园的奥托瓦亚邦巴地区有30 万公顷原始森林，由当地社区负责管理，该项目的意义就是为这片森林的保护和未来发展制定规划。项目从2010 年启动，计划延续80 年， 由法国社会企业PUR Projet 和“退休无忧”项目提供资金。后者为期40 年，旨在推行农林复合生产模式，通过植树造林和碳固存计划发展新型可持续农村经济，有效利用土地，提高产值，帮助没有退休金的农民摆脱贫困。

It provides for the conservation and development of 300,000 hectares of primary forests managed by local communities in the Alto Huayabamba, which is adjacent to the Abiseo National Park. Launched in 2010 for a period of eighty years, it is funded by PUR Projet, the French social business enterprise, and the Jubilación Segura (secure retirement) project. The latter is a forty-year project which implements agroforestry models designed to create a new sustainable rural economy, through a reforestation and carbon sequestration plan that helps revalue the land, to break the cycle of poverty for farmers who do not have a retirement pension.

“亚马逊万岁”基金会的下一步计划是什么？

What are the next steps planned by FUNDAVI?

在我们的生物圈保护区内，大家已经开始分享各自的经验，例如，如何创办植物园和养蜂场。我们还打算与秘鲁国内和其他国家的生物圈保护区建立联盟。

We are beginning to share experiences between the different members within our biosphere reserve, such as the creation of botanical gardens or beekeeping farms. We also intend to forge alliances with other biosphere reserves in Peru and elsewhere in the world.

我们无意与他人竞争，而是希望结合各方战略，更好地开展活动，以卓有成效、兼具教育意义的工作为所有人提供灵感。

We are not interested in competition. We want to combine strategies, to present and improve our activities, and to become a source of inspiration for all – in terms of the excellence of our work and teaching.

我们也热切期待与更多大学、公司、民间团体和国家合作，力求组织更多国际联合行动，利用好生物圈保护区这块“金字招牌”，确保我们的农民在日复一日辛勤劳作的同时，能够接收到外部世界的信息，并把自己的声音传递出去。

We are also keen to involve more universities, companies, civil society, the State and to strive for more international cooperation, to take advantage of this fabulous “brand” of biosphere reserve – to ensure that the farmer, who toils on his plot of land day after day, feels connected to the whole world.

END

©️该文章及图片版权归联合国教科文《信使》杂志所有

欢迎分享到朋友圈，转载及合作请联系我们