新冠疫情专刊 | “在这场危机中，女性仍是无名英雄”

Sharing the latest articles of the UNESCO Courier with you.

与您第一时间分享联合国教科文《信使》杂志的最新文章。

COVID-19疫情加剧了气候紧急状况，财富分配不均，社区、国家和地区之间的分歧，同时造成了所谓自二战以来最严重的全球危机。在全球进入COVID-19疫情紧急状态后，许多女性的呼吁都未被我们所听到。因此，教科文组织《信使》杂志在本年度第三期杂志（7-9月刊）以“一个全新的世界，源自女性的构想”为主题邀请全球的女性发出自己的声音，以帮助我们了解这场全球性的危机正在如何影响着我们的社会，又将带来什么后果：我们可以从中吸取什么教训？危机之后的世界又会是什么样子？

Adding to the climate emergency, unequal distribution of wealth, and ever-deepening divides between communities, nations and regions, COVID-19 has created what some are calling the gravest global crisis since World War II. The next issue of the UNESCO Courier, under the theme of “A Whole New World, Reimagined by Women” will give voice only to women, many of whom have gone unheard since the start of the COVID emergency, to help understand how this crisis is affecting our societies and explore the possible consequences: What are the first lessons we can draw? How will the world look like after?

“在这场危机中，女性仍是无名英雄”

“Women are the unsung heroes of this crisis”

这场卫生危机及其后出现的全球大范围停摆，导致针对女性的暴力行为激增。联合国妇女署执行主任普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡（Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka）警告世人，受疫情影响，女性的权利可能遭到削弱。 

The health crisis, and the subsequent widespread lockdowns worldwide, have led to a surge in violence against women. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, warns that women's rights could be diminished as a result of the pandemic.

01

您在2020年3月警告说，卫生危机导致了性别不平等的加剧。为什么这场疫情对女性的伤害格外严重？ 

In March 2020, you warned of an increase in gender inequality due to the health crisis. Why is this pandemic particularly detrimental to women?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：在任何一场危机中，性别问题都无法置身事外，这一次也不例外。危机通常会加深男女之间业已存在的不平等。

There is no crisis that is gender neutral, and this one is no different. Often, the crisis accentuates the inequalities between men and women that already exist.

在此次疫情的冲击下，女性处境艰难。她们当中有许多人工作在第一线，直接暴露在病毒的威胁之下。这场疫情引发的经济和社会后果也对女性造成了沉重打击。与男性相比，女性的工作往往更加不稳定，薪水也更低，危机造成的停摆给女性带来了更多的经济困难。已经有许多女性丧失了谋生手段。

Women have experienced great hardships due to this pandemic. Many of them work on the front line and have been directly exposed to the virus. They have also been hit hard by its economic and social consequences. The interruption of activity due to the crisis has led to greater economic hardship for women, who generally work in more precarious and lower-paid jobs than men. Many of them have lost their means of livelihood.

此外，许多妇女依赖社会服务。但在疫情期间，要获得这些服务越来越困难了。那些原本就得不到社会支持的女性，受到的冲击更严重。

Additionally, many women depend on social services, which have become less accessible during this period. Those who did not have access to social support in the first place, are even worse hit.

02

这场疫情让护士、教师、收银员等必要职业备受关注，而这些都是以女性为主的职业。这场危机会改变我们对这些从业者的认识吗？

The pandemic has brought to the forefront crucial professions – such as nurses, teachers, cashiers – in which women are over-represented. Could this crisis change the way we perceive these workers?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：在这场危机中，女性是真正的英雄，哪怕她们没有得到承认。但令人不解的是，人们普遍没有意识到女性实际上承担着应对这场危机的责任。即便是她们挽救了生命，也依然无人喝彩。

Women are the real heroes of this crisis, even if they are not recognized as such. But curiously, there seems to be a lack of awareness that women are actually shouldering the response to this crisis. Even if they are saving lives, they remain unsung heroes.

我希望这种看法今后能够改变。也正是因此，我们必须大谈而特谈女性发挥的作用，高调宣传女性的付出，让所有人都无法回避这个问题。

I hope that this perception will change. That is why we have to keep talking about the role they play – put their efforts front and centre, so no one can escape it.

03

女性可以如何改变危机管理工作？

What can women bring to crisis management?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：在世人看来，女性主要承担照料者的职责，无论是否有偿。但人们也知道，当前的这场危机不仅仅是一个有待解决的公共卫生问题。由于女性深谙如何同时处理多项工作，她们或许更能理解，在当前这种情况下需要应对众多因素——经济、社会、卫生、粮食安全。女性在日常生活中时常遇到交叉性问题，她们对此有着更加深切的认识。由此可见，应对这类危机，可以说是女性与生俱来的本能。

Women are viewed by our societies as the main carers, whether paid or unpaid. But they also know how to go beyond thinking of this as a purely health-related crisis to be managed. Because women know how to multitask, they are perhaps better placed to understand that in a situation like this, we are dealing with several factors – such as economic, social, health and food security. They have a better understanding of intersectionality because they experience it on a daily basis. So they are already hardwired to deal with crises like these.

04

您在2020年4月发表的声明中提到，似乎出现了暴力侵害女性行为增多的假象。遏制病毒传播的措施对女性境况产生了哪些影响？

In a statement in April 2020, you referred to the phantom pandemic of increased violence against women. What impact have the lockdocks had on the situation of women?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：我在那份声明中指出，世界各地的家庭暴力受害者求助热线和庇护所都在报告，有更多人寻求帮助。限制措施使得矛盾升级，迫使受到伴侣虐待的女性陷入更加深重的隔绝状态，同时切断了对她们最有利的各项服务。由于妇女和女童无法便捷地使用电话和求助热线，同时也由于警察、司法和社会服务等公共服务中断，种种特殊情况造成举报施虐行为变得更加复杂。

In that statement, I said that helplines and shelters for victims of domestic violence around the world have reported an increase in calls for help. The confinement has exacerbated tensions and increased the isolation of women with abusive partners, while cutting them off from the services that are best able to help them. This particular context has made reporting abuse even more complicated, due to limitations on women’s and girls’ access to phones and helplines, and disrupted public services like police, justice and social services.

在一些国家，保护家庭暴力受害者的服务不属于必要服务。女性不得不继续与施虐者同处一室，而且得不到任何援助。这就使得女性在面对暴力侵害时的处境更加窘迫。

In some countries, where services to protect victims of domestic violence are not considered essential services, women have been deprived of all help, while they remain locked in their homes with their abusers. This has made it even more difficult for women to cope with the violence.

05

女性的权利可能被削弱吗？

Is there a risk that women's rights are being diminished?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：这是肯定的，女性权利问题已经退居次席，在某些情况下甚至停滞不前。我们绝不能听任这种情况发生。

Definitely, women’s rights have taken a step back – they are even grinding to a halt in some cases. We must not allow this to happen.

今年（2020年）对于女性来说是重要的一年。今年是联合国安全理事会关于妇女、和平与安全问题的第1325号决议通过20周年。我们必须推进各项计划，为再次积极行动起来作好准备。但是，我们必须确保女性权利问题始终摆在议程首位，不能被束之高阁。对于女性来说，实现自身权利和平安度过COVID-19疫情同样重要。争取女性权利和抗击疫情是两场同时进行的战斗，我们一个都不能输。

This year, 2020, is a big year for women. It marks the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 (on Women, Peace and Security). We must push on all the plans that we have, and get ready for when it is possible to be more active. But we have to stay on top of that agenda and we cannot shelve it. It is as important for women to achieve their rights as it is to survive COVID-19. These two battles [for women’s rights and against the disease] have to be fought together. And we have to win them both.

06

如何确保女性权利不会在这场危机中受到损害？

How can we ensure that women's rights are not victims of this crisis?

普姆齐莱·姆兰博－恩格库卡：以经济为例，我们必须确保（各国政府提供的）一揽子经济刺激方案明确将女性作为扶助对象，并且适用于在非正规行业就业的女性。我们必须继续努力争取这些权利。危机过后，消除性别暴力的斗争不会随之结束。我们必须保持警惕，力争逐步减少暴力侵害女性的行为。

In the economy, for instance, we have to make sure that the stimulus packages [offered by  governments in different countries] target women very clearly, and that they work for the women in the informal sector. These are some of the rights that we will have to continue to fight for. The fight against gender-based violence will not end after the crisis. We must remain vigilant and aim to flatten the curve of violence against women.

我们必须鼓励女性在这场抗疫行动中勇于担当领导职务，特别是在卫生部门和其他部门的女性就业人数偏少的国家，并呼吁在一些部门实现更加公平的女性工作人员占比。这是我们必须集中精力开展的工作。

We must also encourage women to take up positions of leadership in the response to the pandemic in the fight against the virus – especially in countries where they are under-represented in the health sector and beyond – and call for fairer representation in certain sectors. This is where our efforts must be focused.

此外还应鼓励发展远程教育，同时也要确保数字鸿沟不会随之继续扩大。社区并非总能获取技术；即便有了技术，也还存在性别数字鸿沟。我们必须继续为之奋斗。当教育转向数字平台时，我们必须确保贫困社区的女童不会错失教育机会。

It is also necessary to encourage the development of distance education, while ensuring that it is not accompanied by a widening of the digital divide. Communities do not always have access to technology, and even where there is technology, there is still a gender digital divide. We have to continue to make that fight a reality. We have to make sure that girls in poor communities do not miss out on education when education moves to digital platforms.

我希望联合国教科文组织、联合国妇女署、宽带委员会、国际电信联盟与各国教育部通力合作，确保在农村学校和非正规定居点的社区建设宽带基础设施，让所有人无论身处何处都享有教育机会。

I hope that UNESCO, UN Women, the Broadband Commission, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and ministries of education can work together to ensure that a broadband infrastructure is established in rural schools and communities in informal settlements – so that everyone, everywhere, has access to education.

新冠疫情专刊 | 一个全新的世界，源自女性的构想

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