T因子计划｜上海红坊及全球同期空间典型案例介绍
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T因子计划始于欧洲，由众多不同领域的伙伴共同组成，是一场探索“同期空间”在城市更新中的角色与作用的全球实践行动。（点击🔗了解更多T因子计划）。在发展过程中，T因子计划考察、研究并记录了全球多个城市的多个空间案例，「同期空间」的出现其实比许多人想象得早，世界范围内也有着非常多的空间改造案例。
T-Factor Project (click to know more), which started in Europe, is a global initiative to explore the use of "Meanwhile Space" in urban regeneration by 25 partners. During its development, T-Factor has researched, documented lots of spaces cases from all over the world.
接下来大家将会看到的是T因子计划收录的八大典型案例（Advanced cases），包括所处国家、城市、大概的改造背景以及一些补充信息等。八大典型案例概览：
01 弗洛伦萨-香烟制造厂
(MANIFATTURA TABACCHI)
02 多特蒙德-U塔及联合区
(DORTMUNDER U and UNION QUARTER)
03 伦敦-国王十字车站
(KING’S CROSS)
04 马赛-五月女王工厂废墟
(FRICHE LA BELLE DE MAI)
05 巴萨罗那-22@
(22@)
06 罗兹-EC1和新中心
(EC1 AND NEW CENTRE OF LODZ)
07 上海-红坊
(RED TOWN)
08 纽约-工业城
(INDUSTRY CITY)
What you'll see next is the detailed introduction of T-Factor's Advanced Cases, including countries, cities, redevelopment background and other information.
01 MANIFATTURA TABACCHI
02 DORTMUNDER U and UNION QUARTER
03 KING’S CROSS
04 FRICHE LA BELLE DE MAI
05 22@
06 EC1 AND NEW CENTRE OF LODZ
07 RED TOWN
08 INDUSTRY CITY
典型案例：是即将完成更新或者临时使用（temporary uses）在重建与更新过程中扮演重要角色的具体空间案例的统称。
Advanced cases: regeneration initiatives that are nearly completed or at advanced stages, and where temporary uses are a key feature of the redevelopment pathway.
01 弗洛伦萨-香烟制造厂
MANIFATTURA TABACCHI
新香烟制造厂（MT）的前身是一座有70多年历史的雪茄工厂，该厂在2001年正式关闭，并空置了15年。2016年，一项针对旧工业厂房的重建项目正式启动，也由此开启了香烟制造厂的更新改造。
香烟制造厂是弗洛伦萨有史以来最大的改造项目：超过6公顷（1公顷=10000平方米）的面积，16栋建筑物，还包含几个广场和街道。目前，新香烟制造厂的改造已经初见成效，许多大大小小的活动已经成为日常，这些活动不仅为空间的改造更新注入了新的能量，也让弗洛伦萨的旅游业拥有了更多特色。
整体改造项目预计将于2026年完工，主要目的是将香烟制造厂打造一个充满时尚、工艺、艺术、设计和创意的城市中心。
The new Manifattura Tabacchi is reborn in the former cigar factoryclosed in March 2001, after more than seventy years of production inwhich more than 1400 employees worked.
In 2016, the ambitious redevelopment project of the former industrialplant was launched, Manifattura Tabacchi is already hosting permanent and temporary activities capable of activating an organic and sustainable process of growth and offering new reasons to visit Florence.
The objective is to complete the work by 2026 and return a newdistrict to the city, animated by the creative energy of fashion,craftsmanship, art and design, a contemporary centre open to alland connected to the world.
02 多特蒙德-U塔及联合区
DORTMUNDER U and UNION QUARTER
U塔曾是联合啤酒厂（Union Brewery）用来发酵啤酒以及仓储的地方，1994年啤酒厂以及周边建筑均关闭并拆除，只有U塔因其特殊的地标身份得以保留下来。
2008年，U塔作为“2010 年鲁尔区——欧洲文化之都”（Ruhr 2010 – Cultural Capital of Europe）旗舰项目开启了更新改造。改造后的U塔承担着艺术、研究、创造力、文化教育和经济等交叉领域创新实践的重要责任，也为所有居民提供着学习、体验、讨论和创造的公共场所。
许多不同领域的机构与组织都参与到了这个项目中来，有博物馆、多特蒙德大学、电影协会、艺术协会以及政府的多个机构，这些不同角色的多方合作保障了U塔在改造后的的健康运营。
U塔以及鲁尔区（Ruhr region）能够被命名为为欧洲文化之都项目，与多特蒙德的多个街区都在进行着丰富且缤纷的城市更新与改造的行动息息相关，其中也包括了被重新命名为联合区的莱茵大街（RheinischeStraße）。
The U-Tower or Dortmunder U has always been closely connected to the history of the city. After the brewery closed its doors in 1994, the U-Tower was theonly building that was not demolished, thanks to its landmark status.
The U-Tower was redeveloped as a flagship project for the “Ruhr 2010 – Cultural Capital of Europe’’ and it is today one of Dortmund’scentral places: an innovative practice atthe intersection of art, research, creativity, culture, education andeconomy. It is a public place for research and study as well as for theexperience and the discourse on arts, media and today’s culture forcitizens of all ages.
The operation of the “U” is based on cooperationbetween different actors, including museums, universities, different associations.
Therenovation of Dortmunder U and the Ruhr region’s appointment asEuropean Capital of Culture is also linked to the urban regenerationof several quarters throughout Dortmund, among them RheinischeStraße, rebranded as Union Quarter.
03 伦敦-国王十字
KING’S CROSS
大面积的铁路基础设施，用铁路轨道和工业仓库组成网络，以及周围环绕的社会住房……国王十字的开发改造无疑是伦敦最大、最引人注目的项目之一。
1945年铁路业的整体衰落，国王十字也因此变得萧条。开发商与资产管理公司Argent，秉承着其“人类城市原则（Principles for a Human City）”的理念主导了国王十字的开发与改造，最终将国王十字重新打造成了集住宅与商业一体的繁荣中心。
超过7万平方米的公共空间举办着各式各样的创意与文化活动如社区聚会、艺术展览等，每年可接待700万人次的使用者和游客。改造后的国王十字逐渐成为人们社交、建立联系、社区营造的重要场所。
此外，国王十字作为“文化教育中心（Knowledge Quarter）”的核心地带，其周边聚集了超过85个包含研究、高等教育、科学、艺术、文化和媒体等组织。
After the declineof the railway industry in 1945, the King's Cross went from being a busyindustrial district to an under-used site where many of the buildingswere left vacant.
Argent, as developers and asset managers for the site, havedeveloped the site according to their ‘Principles for a Human City’, and developed the site as a thriving residential and commercial hub,visited by over 7 million people per year. Central to the place-makingeffort has been the delivery of over 70,000m2 of public space, hostinga diverse range of uses, from major events, to community meetups,art installations and creative and cultural meanwhile uses.
The Kings Cross site is in the heart of the ‘Knowledge Quarter’ the name given to the areawithin a one-mile radius of King’s Cross that provides a home to acluster of +85 organisations spanning research, higher education,science, art, culture and media.
04 马赛-五月女王工厂废墟
FRICHE LA BELLE DE MAI
五月女王工厂废墟的前身是一座烟草工厂，从1980年因被认为是工业棕地而废弃。2013年，工厂借由“马赛欧洲文化之都”项目开启了重新设计和重建。
现在这里已经是一个充满创意和创新的场所——有近70个组织入驻，每天有超400 名艺术家和创意人员在那里工作，每年举办近600场横跨各个领域活动。此外，这里也是一个多元化的公共空间：包括运动区、餐厅、音乐会场馆、共享花园、书店、托儿所、有近2400平方米的展览空间、和近8000平方米的屋顶露台以及培训中心，每年会接待来自全球超过40万名游客。
五月女王工厂在改造后采用了多方持股的集体治理模式（SCIC），包含场地运营部门、公共合作伙伴、个体伙伴、附近居民以及场地员工等不同角色，以此来打造一个鼓励对话与共建的创新场所。
（注：棕地被定义为不动产，这些不动产因为现实的或潜在的有害和危险物的污染而影响到它们的扩展、振兴和重新利用）
Friche la Belle de Mai is located in the former Seita tobacco factory,an industrial brownfield site unused since 1980. The factory wasredesigned and regenerated within the framework of “MarseilleEuropean Cultural Capital” in 2013.
The factory has been transformed into a place of creativity andinnovation - hosting 70 organisations on site, with 400 amongartists and creatives who work there every day, nearly 600 events eachyear, and over400,000 visitors a year will come to visit this place. La Friche is a multi-faceted public spacecomprising a sports area, a restaurant, 5 concert venues, sharedgardens, a bookshop, a nursery, 2400 m2 of exhibition space, 8000m2 of roof terrace and a training centre.
Friche la Belle de Mai has adopted a collective governance model (SCIC) constituted by a multi-shareholding (operators located on the site, public and private partners, inhabitants of the district, employees) to assert themselves as an innovative place of dialogue and of co-construction.
05 巴萨罗那-22@
22@
22@位于巴塞罗那曾经的制造业区-Poblenou街区，在19世纪被称为“加泰罗尼亚的曼彻斯特”，其更新与重建始于2000年，是世界上最早的创新区域之一。
该项目将会改造共计约116万平方米的工业用地，希望通过专业知识以及创意构想等经济活动来保持该地区的活力与生命力。mu从2000年到2018年，22@创造了超过13万个新工作岗位，如项目顺利按照预估效果继续推进，每年都将新增5000个新就业岗位。
22@非常注重对工业遗产的保护，在改造的过程中也引入了数字化生产，希望通过不断迭代，创造更为复杂的城市模式例如土地的混合使用以及公众参与，以打造“开放创新生态系统”。
22@已成为该市初创企业和联合办公的中心。该地区也作为首个超级街区重建案例用以展示并强调战略城市设计和规划策略的重要性。2018 年，通过包括公众参与的“repensem 22@”（rethinking22@），以及并行生产（Peer Production）和循环经济等活动，Poblenou街区被改造成了创客区，也让22@这个项目重新进入公众视线。
*注：并行生产指通过汇集分散的投入和努力来有效地完成特定任务，由耶鲁大学法学教授本科勒（Yochai Benkler）提出。
22@ was initiated in 2000 in the Poblenou neighbourhood, theformer manufacturing area of the city also known as the “CatalanManchester” in the 19th century. The project aimed at redeveloping1,159,626 m2 of industrial land.
The goal was topreserve the productive character of the area through knowledgebased and creative economy activities. From 2000 to 2018 there have been created 130,000 new jobs in 22@ and it is expected to create new 5,000 jobs per year at the actual pace of transformation. 22@ has become the epicentre of the start-up and co-working growth in the city.
While preserving the industrial heritage, its redevelopment hasbeen based on the support to the digital productive character ofthe territory, with theultimate objective of fostering the conditions for the developmentof an open ecosystem of innovation.
22@ has become the epicentreof the start-up and co-working growth in the city. The project has been revisited in 2018 through citizens’ participationprocess “repensem 22@” (rethinking22@) and the conversion ofPoblenou in a makers district based on peer production and circulareconomy.
06 罗兹-EC1和新中心
EC1 AND NEW CENTRE OF LODZ
EC1原是罗兹市第一座商业发电厂，建于1906年。在100年后的2007年开始了由罗兹市主导的更新改造行动，也是罗兹新中心（Nowe Centrum Łódź）项目的重要组成部分。
2008年5月15日，罗兹市议会在市物业管理部投资局的支持下成立了“EC1 罗兹 – 文化之城”机构，主要面向后工业时代的废弃建筑的翻新与现代化改造，并在改造的过程中不断研发和发展更加适应现代社会的新功能。
除了对建筑本身的改造外，地区发展与振兴也是EC1需要承担的角色与责任。现在，EC1作为一个综合体，同时具备了文化、艺术和社会等功能。其不仅能作为艺术家的开放空间，也适用于个人性质的一些工作坊和活动，同时还能为罗兹居民的活动提供空间。
EC1 is thefirst Łódź power plant built in 1907 and becoms part of the “Nowe Centrum Łódź” project, implemented by the City of Łódź since 2007. On May 15th, 2008 the City Council ofŁódź established “EC1 Łódź – City of Culture” institution, supported bythe Investment Bureau at the Department of Property Managementof Łódź City Council. Renovation and modernisation of the post-industrial buildings was conducted, along with their conversion tonew functions. Revitalisation took into account the importance andnature of the area, referring to the historical character of the buildingsthemselves.
The revitalised and expanded EC1 East complexnow fulfils cultural, artistic and social functions. It is designed to be an open space for artists,fully adapted to host individual workshops and events. It is also aspace for institutions organising cultural and educational events forthe residents of Łódź.
07 上海-红坊
RED TOWN
上海红坊原是曾经赫赫有名的上海第十钢铁厂（冷轧带钢厂）厂房，并在1995年左右被废弃。2003年，上海市城市雕塑委员会和城市规划管理局着手在这个区域建设上海城市雕塑艺术中心，并于2005年正式开幕。
红坊共计18000平方米，有超过11000个商业区域，5000个展览，2000个娱乐活动，它包括现场表演室、画廊、音乐会场地、健身俱乐部、新娘时装精品店、艺术治疗工作室、书店、有机咖啡馆、花卉市场和古董店等各种各样的空间，并逐渐发展出艺术、休闲、文化等社会功能，成为区别于周边商业大厦的独一道的风景线。
红坊无疑打破了人们对旧址改造的固有印象：它平衡了公共空间和商业地产、艺术与日常、创意与实践，极大程度地满足了各个层面人们的需求。
Shanghai Sculpture Space - known to the public as Red Town becauseof the colour of the bricks, opened the door in 2005 in the industrialheritage of an early 20th century steel factory, which sat empty foryears. It was first commissioned as a sculpture exhibition space with a very institutional drive, offering different shows organized by theShanghai Urban Planning Bureau and Shanghai Sculpture CommitteeOffice, and over the years it developed a variety of activities and experiences, including art,leisure, and social functions.
On a total area of 18000 square meters, of which 11000 of business areas, 5000 of exhibitions, and 2000 ofentertainment; it ultimately included a concert space (On Stage
Live House), galleries, concert venues, fitness club, bridal coutureboutique, art therapy studios, bookstores, organic cafes, floral markets,and vintage stores.
08 纽约-工业城
INDUSTRY CITY
19世纪90年代，工业城以其优越的地理位置、巨大的规模和以及足够支撑广泛业务的结构而蓬勃发展，并在短期时间里就成为了行业中的佼佼者，也使布鲁克林成为一个主要的国际海港。
但从20世纪60年代开始，美国城市制造业开始进入衰退期，大量核心制造商倒闭或搬离布鲁克林，这样的背景让该地区的联运制造、仓储和配送中心等业务经历了长达40年的黑暗时光。
2013年，由 Belvedere Capital 和 Jamestown 领导的新集团开始重新开发该地区，也开启了工业城这个围绕“创新经济”为发展方向，致力于引入新企业并创造就业机会的项目。
该项目希望通过包括研究、文化、创意产业、技术和数字制造在内的功能与部门，提供高质量的、可持续的空间、打造便利的社区设施等进行重新设计与开发，并在2013年到2019年间增加了近6000个新工作岗位（从1900个到8000个）。
By the 1960s, urban manufacturing had started its long decline. Mostof the major manufacturers closed their doors or moved away from Brooklyn, andthe area went through a period of disinvestment and decay for 40years.
In 2013, a new ownership group, led by Belvedere Capital and Jamestown,began to redevelop the site, laying the foundations for the creationof ‘Industry City’. The project approached the ‘innovation economy’as the umbrella term for redesigning and redeveloping the areaaround key objectives of new enterprise and jobs creation.
A diversification of uses andsectors including research, cultural and creative industries, tech anddigital manufacturing have allowed Industry City to create a vibrantand diverse community of forward-thinking companies, with jobsgrowing from 1,900 in 2013 to 8,000 in 2019.
这8个来自不同城市的典型案例，无论是在地理区域和文化、社会经济背景、遗产、更新项目类型等方面都具备丰富的多样性。而这些多样性将会为仍在不断出现的同期空间的时间与决策提供借鉴与参考价值，从而达到T因子计划的目的之一：为未来城市构建提供可复制、可借鉴的原型。
Their diversity - in terms of geographical areas and cultures, socio-economic contexts, heritage, types of regeneration projects - may offer a multitude of insights around a field of practice and policymaking which is still emergent across Europe, thus contributing to knowledge creation and learning.
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