一小时学会用 Opencv 做贪吃蛇游戏（Python版）

作者 | 源代码•宸

来源丨CSDN博客

使用Mediapipe

水平镜像处理

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=2)

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

修改代码

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

问题修复完毕

观察手的信息

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确

    print(hands)

    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

输出结果

[{‘lmList’: [[1088, 633, 0], [1012, 655, -24], [940, 629, -32], [894, 596, -35], [875, 562, -36], [949, 504, -17], [891, 441, -16], [862, 419, -16], [838, 403, -16], [995, 480, -3], [943, 418, 8], [924, 426, 17], [920, 440, 22], [1044, 480, 8], [998, 455, 17], [987, 489, 21], [993, 513, 23], [1085, 492, 19], [1048, 477, 27], [1036, 505, 35], [1041, 528, 40]], ‘bbox’: (838, 403, 250, 252), ‘center’: (963, 529), ‘type’: ‘Left’}]

做个小蛇

import math

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)


class SnakeGameClass:
    def __init__(self):             # 构造方法
        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点
        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度
        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长
        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度
        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点

    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法

        px, py = self.previousHead
        cx, cy = currentHead

        self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点
        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离
        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容
        self.currentLength += distance
        self.previousHead = cx, cy

        # Draw Snake
        for i, point in enumerate(self.points):
            if i != 0:
                cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)
        # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点
        cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)
        return imgMain

game = SnakeGameClass()

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:     # 不断迭代更新
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确

    if hands:
        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表
        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标
        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)

    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

添加甜甜圈

import math
import random

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)


class SnakeGameClass:
    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法
        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点
        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度
        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长
        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度
        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点

        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape
        self.foodPoint = 0, 0
        self.randomFoodLocation()

    def randomFoodLocation(self):
        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)


    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法

        px, py = self.previousHead
        cx, cy = currentHead

        self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点
        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离
        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容
        self.currentLength += distance
        self.previousHead = cx, cy

        # Length Reduction
        if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:
            for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):
                self.currentLength -= length
                self.lengths.pop(i)
                self.points.pop(i)
                if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:
                    break


        # Draw Snake
        if self.points:
            for i, point in enumerate(self.points):
                 if i != 0:
                    cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)
            # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点
            cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)

        # Draw Food
        rx, ry = self.foodPoint
        imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,
                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))


        return imgMain

game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:     # 不断迭代更新
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确

    if hands:
        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表
        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标
        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)

    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

donut.png

部分代码解释说明

imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))

为什么不是

imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood, (rx , ry))

那是因为，随机生成一个点后，有坐标（x，y）

增加分数机制

import math
import random

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)


class SnakeGameClass:
    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法
        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点
        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度
        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长
        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度
        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点

        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape
        self.foodPoint = 0, 0
        self.randomFoodLocation()

        self.score = 0

    def randomFoodLocation(self):
        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)


    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法

        px, py = self.previousHead
        cx, cy = currentHead

        self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点
        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离
        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容
        self.currentLength += distance
        self.previousHead = cx, cy

        # Length Reduction
        if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:
            for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):
                self.currentLength -= length
                self.lengths.pop(i)
                self.points.pop(i)
                if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:
                    break

        # Check if snake ate the food
        rx, ry = self.foodPoint
        if rx - self.wFood // 2 < cx < rx + self.wFood // 2 and \
                ry - self.hFood // 2 < cy < ry + self.hFood // 2:
            self.randomFoodLocation()
            self.allowedLength += 50
            self.score += 1
            print(self.score)


        # Draw Snake
        if self.points:
            for i, point in enumerate(self.points):
                 if i != 0:
                    cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)
            # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点
            cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)

        # Draw Food

        imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,
                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))


        return imgMain

game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:     # 不断迭代更新
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确

    if hands:
        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表
        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标
        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)

    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

完整代码

import math
import random

import cvzone
import cv2
import numpy as np
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头
cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽
cap.set(4, 720)         # 高

detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)


class SnakeGameClass:
    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法
        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点
        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度
        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长
        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度
        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点

        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape
        self.foodPoint = 0, 0
        self.randomFoodLocation()

        self.score = 0
        self.gameOver = False

    def randomFoodLocation(self):
        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)


    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法

        if self.gameOver:
            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, "Game Over", [300, 400],
                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)
            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Your Score:{self.score}', [300, 550],
                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)
        else:
            px, py = self.previousHead
            cx, cy = currentHead

            self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点
            distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离
            self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容
            self.currentLength += distance
            self.previousHead = cx, cy

            # Length Reduction
            if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:
                for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):
                    self.currentLength -= length
                    self.lengths.pop(i)
                    self.points.pop(i)
                    if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:
                        break

            # Check if snake ate the food
            rx, ry = self.foodPoint
            if rx - self.wFood // 2 < cx < rx + self.wFood // 2 and \
                    ry - self.hFood // 2 < cy < ry + self.hFood // 2:
                self.randomFoodLocation()
                self.allowedLength += 50
                self.score += 1
                print(self.score)


            # Draw Snake
            if self.points:
                for i, point in enumerate(self.points):
                     if i != 0:
                        cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)
                # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点
                cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)

            # Draw Food

            imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,
                                        (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))

            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Your Score:{self.score}', [50, 80],
                               scale=3, thickness=5, offset=10)

            # Check for Collision
            pts = np.array(self.points[:-2], np.int32)
            pts = pts.reshape((-1, 1, 2))  # 重塑为一个行数未知但只有一列且每个元素有2个子元素的矩阵
            cv2.polylines(imgMain, [pts], False, (0, 200, 0), 3)
            # 第三个参数是False，我们得到的是不闭合的线
            minDist = cv2.pointPolygonTest(pts, (cx, cy), True)
            # 参数True表示输出该像素点到轮廓最近距离

            if -1 <= minDist <= 1:
                print("Hit")
                self.gameOver = True
                self.points = []  # 蛇身上所有的点
                self.lengths = []  # 每个点之间的长度
                self.currentLength = 0  # 蛇的总长
                self.allowedLength = 150  # 蛇允许的总长度
                self.previousHead = 0, 0  # 第二个头结点
                self.randomFoodLocation()


        return imgMain

game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")

# 处理每一帧图像
while True:     # 不断迭代更新
    success, img = cap.read()
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系
    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转
    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确

    if hands:
        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表
        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标
        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)

    cv2.imshow("Image", img)
    key = cv2.waitKey(1)
    if key == ord('r'):
        game.gameOver = False

往期回顾

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