科研成果 | 邹立业教授在《Trends in Cognitive Sciences》提出全生命周期脑健康管理：“久坐族请起立”

深圳大学心理学院BBM实验室邹立业教授联合全球运动与脑科学知名学者（Fabian Herold, Boris Cheval, Michael J. Wheeler, Dominika M. Pindus, Kirk I. Erickson, David A. Raichlen, Gene A. Alexander, Notger G. Muller, David W. Dunstan, Arthur F. Kramer, Charles H. Hilman, Mats Hallgren, Ulf Ekelund, Silvio Maltagliata, Neville Owen) 撰写 “Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health”的长文综述,于2024年3月1日正式发表在国际权威认知神经科学杂志《Trends in Cognitive Sciences》(5年平均IF=23，中科院一区)。深圳大学心理学院邹立业教授（兼通讯作者）、Fabian Herold博士和Boris Cheval教授（深大心理学院客座教授)为本论文共同第一作者。邹立业教授等人从发展心理学角度系统阐述了久坐行为与脑健康之间的关联。

一、研究背景及展望

以昼夜24小时为周期，人类清醒时的活动行为主要由身体活动和久坐行为组成(Falck et al., 2022; Gao et al., 2024; Hou et al., 2023; Hou et al., 2024; Kong et al., 2023)。久坐行为是指在清醒状态下长时间坐着、侧躺着或平躺着的低能量消耗行为，其能量代谢通常低于1.5梅脱（metabolic equivalent of task, MET）(Tremblay et al., 2017)。值得注意的是，在当今社会中人们每天会花费超过一半的清醒时间在久坐行为上，并且久坐行为涉及范围较为广泛，通常包括以下情境：公交通勤、日常办公(如办公桌前工作)和休闲活动(如手机、电视等电子屏幕活动) (Sallis et al., 2015)。

工业化社会中各年龄阶段群体的自我报告和客观测量的久坐时间都有所增加；2007至2016年期间，青少年自我报告的久坐时间从每天7.0小时增加到8.2小时，成年人从每天5.5小时增加到6.4小时(Matthews et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2020)。此外，退休后年长者的休闲时间较多，其每天平均久坐时间已超过9小时(Raichlen et al., 2023)。假设一个人每天清醒16至17小时，那么他们在久坐行为上度过的时间约占清醒时间的53%至56%。久坐行为已成为影响全球公共卫生的一大问题，尤其是在现代社会，人们的生活和工作都离不开电脑、手机等电子设备，导致其屏幕时间显著增加(Yang et al., 2019)。值得注意的是，越来越多的研究发现，长时间久坐不仅对身体健康产生负面影响（如肥胖、心血管疾病等）(Pinto et al., 2023)，还会对人类脑健康构成严重威胁(Hallgren et al., 2020)。

以往研究表明，有规律地参与中高强度的身体活动有利于各年龄阶段人群的脑健康(Collins et al., 2023; Jung et al., 2020; Ludyga et al., 2020; Luo et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2021)，但相较于身体活动的研究，以往的研究者们对久坐行为与脑健康之间的关系了解甚少(Bull et al., 2020)。基于此，邹立业教授联合国际知名学者从发展心理学角度系统回顾了以往研究(Kuang, Zhong, Arnett, et al., 2023; Kuang, Zhong, Yang, et al., 2023; Strom & Strom, 2012; Zou et al., 2024)，并客观讨论全生命周期人群的久坐行为对其脑健康的影响（如认知表现、大脑结构与功能、患痴呆症的风险）（图 1）。此外，作者批判性地比较了以往研究中评估久坐行为所使用的测量工具，发现可穿戴式设备实时采集个体活动行为具有优势（图3）。另外，本文作者系统总结了久坐行为与脑健康关联的调节变量及潜在的神经行为学机制（图 2）。最后，本文呼吁更多高质量研究，并指出了开展本领域研究所要面对的挑战与机遇。

图1：全生命周期人群的久坐行为与脑健康关联研究

图 2. 久坐行为与脑健康关联的神经行为学机制

图 3：久坐行为评估方法的优势和局限

二、理解和影响久坐行为

的策略

（一）  提升公众意识：通过科普宣传，让大众认识到久坐行为生活方式对健康的潜在威胁，进而激发自我保健的意识和行动。

（二）制定与执行政策：政府部门和企业应制定相关政策措施，限制员工长时间坐在电脑前，鼓励员工定时站起来活动。

（三）优化办公环境：办公场所应合理规划，设置舒适的休息区和活动区，便于员工在工作间隙进行适当的活动，从而减少久坐时间。

（四）个性化健康干预：针对不同个体的需求和特点，制定合适的运动计划和时间管理策略，帮助人们逐步改变久坐的生活方式。

（五）促进社交互动：鼓励员工之间的交流与合作，提高团队凝聚力，减少久坐行为的发生。

论文：

Zou, L., Herold, F., Cheval, B., Wheeler, M. J., Pindus, D. M., Erickson, K. I., Raichlen, D. A., Alexander, G. E., Müller, N. G., Dunstan, D. W., Kramer, A. F., Hillman, C. H., Hallgren, M., Ekelund, U., Maltagliati, S., & Owen, N. (2024). Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003

解释：身体活动通常指任何由骨骼肌产生的需要消耗能量（大于1.5 METs）的身体运动。

缩写：MET = metabolic equivalent of task（梅脱是能量代谢当量）

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Zou, L., Herold, F., Cheval, B., Wheeler, M. J., Pindus, D. M., Erickson, K. I., Raichlen, D. A., Alexander, G. E., Müller, N. G., Dunstan, D. W., Kramer, A. F., Hillman, C. H., Hallgren, M., Ekelund, U., Maltagliati, S., & Owen, N. (2024). Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003 

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学生编辑 | 官家宸

初审 | 朱辰

审核 | 郭田友 吴健辉