论文快递: 第一百七十六期

六yi利物浦

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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！

本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百七十六期，将介绍Urban Studies Current Issue的五篇论文。主题包括社区驱动的城市，美国大都市的人口外流，轨道交通与物业溢价，建筑面积金融化，中国户口制度，欢迎阅读。

01

Order and openness in community-driven urban initiatives: Insights from a ‘spot-fix’   

社区驱动的城市倡议中的秩序和开放：“定点修复”的启示

Jacob Vakkayil（法国里尔大学）首次出版时间：2022/4/9｜研究论文
Abstract

This study examines how community-driven urban do-it-yourself initiatives maintain appropriate levels of openness while ensuring sufficient degrees of social order. For this, a specific event is analysed using an analytic framework that differentiates decided and emergent orders. The results indicate how various aspects of the event feature combinations of these orders that serve to sustain it and produce desired outcomes. These combinations indicate certain key factors that facilitate the balance of order and openness in community-driven initiatives. The paper concludes with reflections on the practical implications.

摘要本研究探讨社区驱动的城市“自己动手”倡议如何在确保充分的社会秩序的同时保持适当的开放水平。为此，我们使用一个区分人为决定秩序与自发秩序的分析框架来分析一个特定活动。结果表明，活动的各个方面体现了这些秩序的不同组合，这些秩序旨在维持该活动并产生预期的结果。这些组合表明某些关键因素有助于在社区驱动的倡议中促进秩序和开放性的平衡。本文最后对实际应用进行了反思。
Keywords 

community-driven urban initiatives, DIY urbanism, informal urban events

关键词社区驱动的城市倡议, 城市 DIY, 非正规城市活动
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221084246

02

Exodus in the American metropolis: Predicting Black population decline in Chicago neighbourhoods     

美国大都市的人口外流：预测芝加哥社区黑人人口减少

Michael Snidal（美国哥伦比亚大学）Magda Maaoui（美国哥伦比亚大学）Tyler Haupert（中国上海纽约大学）首次出版时间：2022/2/28｜研究论文
Abstract

Urban population decline in the largest metropolitan regions of the United States is now explained almost exclusively by a ‘Black exodus’. In Chicago, competing ‘push’ explanations have been put forth to explain Black population loss in urban neighbourhoods, including housing instability, cost of living, unemployment and crime. However, no study to date estimates the predictive power of each of these factors. This article seeks to answer the research question: which neighbourhood characteristics predict Black exodus in Chicago? We explore relationships between Black population loss in Chicago and a comprehensive range of metrics representing economic and social conditions. A fixed-effects multivariate panel regression is specified for the years 2010 to 2018 at the census tract level and cross-checked with bivariate Granger causality tests. We find that foreclosure filings predict Black population decline, and suggest that government prioritise foreclosure relief policies to stem Black exodus.

摘要 

美国最大大都市地区的城市人口下降现在几乎完全可以用“黑人外流”来解释。在芝加哥，人们针对城市街区中黑人人口的流失提出了相互竞争的“推动”解释，包括住房不稳定性、生活成本、失业和犯罪。然而，迄今为止没有任何研究对每一个此等因素的预测能力进行过估计。本文试图回答这样一个研究问题：在芝加哥，哪些街区特征预示着黑人的外流？我们研究芝加哥黑人人口流失与代表经济和社会状况的、全面的各项指标之间的关系。我们在人口普查区一级确定了 2010 年至 2018 年期间的固定效应多元面板回归，并用双变量格兰杰因果检验进行了交叉校验。我们发现止赎申请预示着黑人人口的减少，并建议政府优先考虑止赎救济政策以阻止黑人外流。

Keywords 

Black exodus, demographics, ethnicity, housing, method, migration, neighbourhood change, race

关键词 

黑人外流, 人口统计学, 民族, 住房, 方法, 移民, 街区变化, 种族

原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211070405

03

Rail stations and residential sorting: The case of Sydney metropolitan area        

轨道站点和住宅分类：以悉尼大都会区为例

Laurence Carleton（澳大利亚麦格理大学）Roselyne Joyeux（澳大利亚麦格理大学）George Milunovich（澳大利亚麦格理大学）首次出版时间：2022/4/20｜研究论文
Abstract

We examine the relationship between rail accessibility and the pattern of demographic characteristics at long-established Rail Transit Served Communities. The analytical methods involve the juxtaposition of property premium estimates and assessment of spatial effects on demographic composition. Despite finding considerable property premiums associated with access to rail transit across metropolitan Sydney, we report little evidence of sorting in relation to economically advantaged or disadvantaged residents. Further, the demographic groups commonly linked to gentrification, including high-income and professionals, are not found to dominate areas of high rail accessibility and only those with advanced educational qualifications are shown to increase in concentration with closer access to rail transit.

摘要 我们研究轨道交通可达性与历史悠久的轨道交通服务社区的人口特征规律之间的关系。分析方法涉及将物业溢价估计和对人口构成的空间影响的评估并置。尽管我们在悉尼大都市区发现了轨道交通与物业溢价之间相当强的相关性，但我们几乎没有报告与经济上处于优势或处于劣势的居民相关的分类证据。此外，我们并未发现通常与绅士化相关的人口群体，包括高收入群体和专业人士，在轨道交通便利区域占主导地位，我们只是发现，越是接近轨道交通站点，高学历群体的集中度越高。
Keywords house prices, public transit, residential sorting, Sydney, transport
关键词

房价, 公共交通, 住宅分类, 悉尼, 交通

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221083139

04

The financialisation of floor space, Mumbai 1880–2015                                        

建筑面积的金融化，孟买1880–2015

Sukriti Issar（法国巴黎政治大学）首次出版时间：2022/2/25 ｜研究论文
AbstractThis paper traces the financialisation of policy instruments regulating floor space, namely, building height restrictions in Mumbai from 1880 to 2015. It describes and explains the shift from prescriptive regulation to hybrid market-based incentive. Drawing on original archival research and interviews with 80 policy experts, findings show that height restrictions shifted from ad hoc rules, to prescribed heights, to floor space index, and finally to market-based air rights. Paradoxically, the local state has used financialised floor space as an incentive to achieve social goals such as slum redevelopment, while the policy remains controversial and beset by conflict. The state has played a key role in financialising floor space, in the process creating a hybrid instrument with multiple constituencies. The conclusion explores how a history of building regulations can advance comparative urbanism.摘要本文追溯了 1880 年至 2015 年期间孟买规管建筑面积的政策工具（即建筑高度限制）的金融化。我们描述并解释了从规定性监管到基于市场的混合激励的转变。基于原始档案研究和与 80 位政策专家的访谈，我们的调查结果表明，高度限制经历了从临时规则转变为规定高度，再到建筑面积指数，最后转向基于市场的上空权的演变。矛盾的是，当地政府使用建筑面积金融化作为实现贫民窟重建等社会目标的激励措施，而此等政策仍然存在争议并受到冲突的困扰。在创建具有多个组成部分的混合工具的过程中，国家在建筑面积金融化方面发挥了关键作用。在结论部分，我们探讨了建筑法规历史对比较城市化研究的推动作用。Keywordsbuilding regulations, financialisation, Mumbai, policy change
关键词

建筑法规, 金融化, 孟买, 政策变化

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221076745

05

Hukou as benefits: Demand for hukou and wages in China                            

户口作为福利：中国对户口和工资的需求

Samantha A Vortherms（美国加利福尼亚大学欧文分校）Gordon G Liu（中国北京大学）首次出版时间：2022/4/8｜研究论文
Abstract

As China encourages urbanisation, a necessary process is the urbanisation of its people, granting local-urban hukou, or local citizenship, to migrant populations. But reforms encouraging urbanisation are dependent on migrant populations wanting to become formal, registered urban residents. What is the demand for hukou? Based on a unique probabilistically-sampled contingent valuation survey of over 900 migrants in Beijing and Changsha, we use migrants’ willingness-to-pay for hukou as a measure of demand for urbanisation. We find that migrants in Beijing are willing to give up between 9% and 14% of their income over five years to gain local-urban hukou. Migrants in Changsha are much less willing to pay for hukou with a willingness-to-pay indistinguishable from zero, and rural migrants have a negative willingness-to-pay. This study contributes to the broader literature on the impact of China’s hukou system by providing a unique test of migrant workers’ willingness-to-pay for local citizenship.

摘要
随着中国鼓励城市化，一个必要的过程是其人口的城市化，即给予流动人口当地城市户口或当地市民身份。但鼓励城市化的改革有赖于流动人口渴望成为正式的、登记在册的城市居民。对户口的需求状况如何呢？基于对北京和长沙 900 多名农民工的独特概率抽样或有评估调查，我们使用农民工为户口付费的意愿作为城市化需求的衡量标准。我们发现，北京的农民工愿意花费其五年内 9% 到 14% 的收入来获得本地城市户口。在长沙，移民的付费意愿则要低得多，付费意愿几乎为零，而农民工的付费意愿则为负。通过对农民工为当地市民身份付费的意愿进行独特的测试，本研究为关于中国户口制度影响的更广泛的文献做出了贡献。
KeywordsChina, contingent valuation, household registration, hukuo, migration, urbanisation
关键词

中国, 条件评估, 户籍登记, 迁移, 城市化

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221074911

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