论文快递: 第一百九十二期

六yi利物浦

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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！

本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百九十二期，将介绍Urban Studies Current Issue的五篇论文。主题包括街区历史和教育成就，空间制造与日常生活设计，居住与种族隔离，大灾变城市超现实主义，择校与社会经济隔离，欢迎阅读。

01

Neighbourhood histories and educational attainment: The role of accumulation, duration, timing and sequencing of exposure to poverty

街区历史和教育成就：贫困积累、持续时间、时间和顺序的作用

Agata A Troost（荷兰代尔夫特理工大学）Heleen J Janssen（荷兰代尔夫特理工大学）Maarten van Ham（荷兰代尔夫特理工大学）首次出版时间：2022/9/5｜研究论文
AbstractStudies of neighbourhood effects increasingly research the neighbourhood histories of individuals. It is difficult to compare the outcomes of these studies as they all use different datasets, conceptualisations and operationalisations of neighbourhood characteristics and outcome variables. This paper contributes to the literature by studying educational attainment and comparing the effects of the timing, accumulation, duration and sequencing of exposure to neighbourhood poverty. We use longitudinal register data to study the population of children born in the Netherlands in 1995 and follow them until the age of 23. Our findings show that it is important to separate the early adult years (age 18–22) when constructing individual histories of exposure to neighbourhood poverty. We find that the effect of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation on educational attainment during adolescence is slightly stronger than the effect of exposure during childhood. We conclude that the observed relationship between neighbourhood poverty and educational attainment depends on how exposure to the neighbourhood effect is conceptualised and measured; choosing just one dimension could lead to under- or overestimation of the importance of exposure to neighbourhood poverty.摘要

街区效应研究越来越多地关注个人的街区居住历史。很难比较这些研究的结果，因为它们都使用不同的数据集、邻里特征和结果变量的概念化和操作化。本文通过研究教育程度和比较生活在贫困街区的时段、积累、持续时间和顺序的影响，为这方面的文献做出了贡献。我们使用纵向登记数据来研究 1995 年在荷兰出生的儿童人口，并跟踪他们直到 23 岁。我们的研究结果表明，在构建个人街区居住历史时，把早期成年年龄段（18-22 岁）分离出来很重要，我们的结论是，观察到的街区贫困与教育程度之间的关系取决于如何概念化和衡量街区居住效应；只选择一个维度可能会导致低估或高估生活在贫困街区的重要影响。

Keywords 

education, inequality, neighbourhood, neighbourhood histories, poverty/exclusion

关键词教育, 不平等, 街区, 街区历史, 贫困/排斥
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221110738

02

Fabrication of space: The design of everyday life in South Korean Songdo         

空间的制造：韩国松岛日常生活的设计

Dominik Bartmanski（德国柏林洪堡大学）Seonju Kim（德国柏林理工大学）Martina Löw（德国柏林科技大学）等五位作者首次出版时间：2022/9/14｜研究论文
Abstract

Constructed from scratch on land reclaimed from the sea, Songdo was planned to embody new ‘smart city’ life. In reality, it has come to exemplify enclave urbanism that commodifies securitised living for upwardly mobile middle classes. While the political economy of this urban project is by now well studied, the sociological ethnography of the resultant space and its experiential correlates remains less developed and imperfectly contextualised. One needs to connect the dots of power and space. The present paper aims to do that and thematises the ‘design of everyday life’ which rests on (1) the intensification of privatised digital surveillance of mass housing compounds which in turn occasions (2) the remaking of spatial markers and symbolic boundaries between private/public, inclusive/exclusive, inside/outside. As such it is a combination of two different registers of visibility that gets jointly orchestrated by the public–private partnership of Korean state and corporate actors. In order to recognise these regimes as strategic visions of controlled social life we extend James Scott’s notion of ‘seeing like a state’ to include the corresponding regime that we call ‘seeing like a corporation’. This allows us to show that they are mutually elaborative in Songdo through a hybridised fabrication of its lived environment, particularly in the case of one branded housing typology located in the city’s centre called International Business District. This elucidates not only the local entrepreneurial urbanism that gave rise to the controlled environment of Songdo but also more general logics of the ‘compressed modernisation’ in the region which sets a global mode for production of space and re-territorialisation of power.

摘要 松岛是在填海造地的土地上从零开始建造的，旨在体现新的“智慧城市”生活。实际上，它已经成为飞地城市化的典范，为向上流动的中产阶级提供了安全的生活。虽然这个城市项目的政治经济学现在已经得到了很好的研究，但针对由此产生的空间及其经验事物的社会人类学研究仍然不够发达，也没有完全处境化。需要将相关的空间和权利因素联系起来。本文旨在做到这一点，并将“日常生活设计”主题化，此等设计基于 (1) 对大规模住宅区的私有数字监控的强化，这反过来又引发 (2) 私人/公共、包容/排斥、内部/外部之间空间标记和符号边界的重建。因此，它是由韩国政府和企业行为者之间的公私伙伴关系共同策划的两种不同可见度机制的组合。为了将这些制度视为受控制的社会生活的战略愿景，我们扩展了詹姆斯·斯科特 (James Scott) 的“像政府一样看”的概念，以包括我们称之为“像公司一样看”的相应机制。这使我们能够表明，通过混合制造松岛的居住环境，它们在松岛是相互阐释的，特别是位于市中心的一个称为国际商务区的品牌住宅区。这不仅阐明了导致松岛受控环境的地方创业城市化，而且阐明了该地区“压缩现代化”的更为一般逻辑，其为空间生产和权力再领土化设定了一种全球模式。
Keywords 

control, everyday life, smart city, social distinction, space, surveillance, symbolic boundaries, South Korea 

关键词 

控制, 日常生活, 智慧城市, 社会区别, 空间, 监控, 符号边界, 韩国

原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221115051

03

Do ethnic integration policies also improve socio-economic integration? A study of residential segregation in Singapore

种族融合政策是否也能改善社会经济融合？新加坡居住隔离研究

Shin Bin Tan（新加坡李光耀公共政策学院）首次出版时间：2022/9/14｜研究论文
AbstractConcerns over the negative impact of residential segregation have motivated desegregation policies around the world. Singapore’s Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP) is a desegregation policy perceived to be effective in reducing ethnic segregation. However, there is little clarity about how the Ethnic Integration Policy might affect socio-economic segregation, another important dimension of segregation. This study explores Singapore’s socio-economic and ethnic residential segregation patterns from 1990 until 2020, focussing on three scales of analysis: national, city district-level (subzone) and building-level. Ethnic and socio-economic segregation, which were generally low, fluctuated in opposite directions over the years. While public housing flats were exposed to less ethnic and socio-economic segregation than private housing, findings suggest a negative relationship between ethnic and socio-economic segregation for majority public housing subzones. This inverse relationship between socio-economic and ethnic segregation might be due to the Ethnic Integration Policy's distortionary effect on flat resale prices. These findings highlight the need for greater attentiveness to residential integration policies’ impact on both socio-economic and ethnic integration, and not to assume that policies aimed at improving one would be sufficient to address the other.
摘要 

对居住隔离的负面影响的担忧推动了世界各地废除种族隔离政策。新加坡的种族融合政策 (EIP) 是一项被认为可有效减少种族隔离的废除种族隔离政策。然而，关于种族融合政策如何影响社会经济隔离这一隔离的另一个重要方面，目前尚不清楚。本研究探讨了新加坡从 1990 年到 2020 年的社会经济和种族居住隔离规律，重点关注三个分析尺度：国家、市区级（分区）和建筑级。多年来，种族和社会经济隔离总体较低，但在相反的方向上波动。虽然与私人住房相比，公共住房单位的种族和社会经济隔离较少，但研究结果表明，大多数公共住房分区的种族和社会经济隔离之间存在负相关关系。社会经济和种族隔离之间的这种负相关关系可能是由于种族融合政策对统一转售价格的扭曲影响。这些发现强调需要更加关注居住融合政策对社会经济和种族融合的影响，而不是假设旨在改善其中一个问题的政策足以解决另一个问题。

Keywords Asia, ethnic segregation, property transaction, racial segregation, socio-economic segregation

关键词

亚洲, 民族隔离, 物业交易, 种族隔离, 社会经济隔离

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221117918

04

Apocalyptic urban surrealism in the city at the end of the world                          

世界末日城市中的大灾变城市超现实主义

Japhy Wilson（英国曼彻斯特大学，秘鲁亚马逊研究所）

首次出版时间：2022/9/5｜研究论文

Abstract

This paper responds to calls for radical experimentation in urban theory in the context of the material and psychological upheavals of Anthropocene. It does so through the development of an apocalyptic urban surrealism, based on a set of principles drawn from surrealist attempts to simulate the experience of reality characteristic of psychotic breakdown. These principles are put to work in the psychogeographical exploration of an urban resettlement scheme on the outskirts of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, and the flooded informal settlement that this scheme seeks to replace. Through the relinquishment of established modes of academic sense-making, and their replacement with a surrealist interpretive delirium, alternative meanings emerge within the entrails of cannibal capitalism and the wreckage of state-regulated reality.

摘要

本文回应了在人类世物质和心理剧变的背景下对城市理论进行激进实验的呼吁。我们的方法是发展一种大灾变城市超现实主义，该超现实主义基于一套从超现实主义尝试中汲取的原则，以模拟精神崩溃的现实特征体验。这些原则被用于对秘鲁亚马逊地区伊基托斯 (Iquitos) 郊区的城市重新安置计划（以及该计划试图取代的被洪水淹没的非正规住区）进行心理地理探索。通过放弃既定的学术意义建构模式，并代之以超现实主义的解释性狂热，在食人资本主义的内脏和政府监管现实的残骸中出现了另外的意义。
KeywordsAnthropocene, built environment, method, surrealism, theory
关键词

人类世, 建筑环境, 方法, 超现实主义, 理论

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221118817

05

The dynamics of socio-economic segregation: What role do private schools play?

社会经济隔离的动态：私立学校扮演什么角色？

Stefanie Jähnen（德国柏林社会科学中心）Marcel Helbig（德国柏林社会科学中心）首次出版时间：2022/9/22｜研究论文
AbstractAlthough residential sorting along socio-economic lines has increased in many cities across Europe, few studies have examined what drives changes in segregation over time. This study looks at the role of school choice expansion in shaping patterns of spatial inequality. We adopt a longitudinal perspective and investigate how the increasing availability of private primary schools is related to the dynamics of socio-economic segregation in German cities. Drawing on a uniquely compiled data set for the years 2005 to 2014 that includes 74 large and medium-sized cities with over 3500 districts, we estimate linear panel regression models with city fixed effects. The analyses show that an increase in the share of private primary schools is associated with a decrease in the segregation of poverty in West German cities but not in East German ones. The association in West Germany is particularly pronounced in local contexts characterised by growing rates of poor residents and growing proportions of young children. Results imply that school choice availability may promote residential integration and at the same time reinforce school segregation.

摘要

在欧洲许多城市，社会经济型住宅分类有所增加，但很少有研究关注隔离逐渐发生变化的推动因素。本论文探讨了越来越多的择校在形成空间不平等模式中的作用。我们采用纵向视角，调查了在德国的城市中，私立小学入学机会的增加与社会经济隔离动态之间的关系。我们利用特别汇编的2005年至2014年的数据集，预估了具有城市固定效应的线性面板回归模型。该数据集涵盖了74个大中城市的3,500多个区。分析表明，私立小学比例的增加与德国西部的城市中贫困隔离的减少有关，而与德国东部的城市无关。在德国西部，这两者之间的关联结合当地的具体情况看尤其明显，其特点是贫困居民的比例不断上升，幼儿的比例不断增加。结果表明，择校机会的增加可能会促进居住融合，同时会加剧学校隔离。

Keywordseducation, neighbourhoods, residential segregation, school choice, spatial inequality
关键词

教育, 街区, 居住隔离, 择校, 空间不均衡性

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221119385

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