论文快递: 第一百九十三期
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本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百九十三期，将介绍 Urban Studies Volume 60 Issue 3的五篇论文。主题包括印度污水基础设施的拼接，加纳的私有化城市发展，住宅拥挤与心理健康，城市区域化过程的土地调整，中国的零售变革与新中产阶级，欢迎阅读。
01
Infrastructure mosaics in urban India: Sewage beyond the networked city
印度城市基础设施拼接：网络化城市之外的污水处理
AbstractIn this paper, I illustrate how sewage is managed beyond the networked city to create infrastructure mosaics – patchworks of interconnected infrastructures across the city characterised by variegation, fluidity and non-linearity. The purpose of this work is to develop the concept of infrastructure mosaics as a way to understand urban sewage flows in Southern cities based on the lived experience of residents, rather than on concepts developed to describe Northern cities. I begin with a brief review of how the concept of networked cities has been applied to the Global South. I then explore how sewage operates within the networked city and beyond. I finish by contextualising these ideas through the case of sewage in Agra, India. The findings from this work can help planners and policy makers across the North/South divide better understand how urban sewage operates in reality, giving decision makers insights into opportunities for improvement outside the modern infrastructural ideal.
在本文中，我展示如何超越网络化城市管理污水以创建基础设施拼接—整个城市内相互连接的基础设施拼接，其特点是杂糅性、流动性和非线性。本文的目的是提出基础设施拼接的概念，作为一种基于居民生活经验（而不是为描述北方城市而开发的概念）来理解南方城市城市污水处理的方法。我首先简要回顾联网城市的概念是如何应用于全球南方的。然后，我探讨联网城市和非联网城市的污水处理运作方式。最后，我通过印度阿格拉 (Agra) 的污水处理案例对这些概念进行情境化。本项研究的结果可以帮助南方和北方的规划者和决策者更好地了解城市污水处理在现实中是如何运作的，让决策者超越现代基础设施理念深入了解改进机会。
everyday practices, infrastructure, materiality, sewage, urban political ecology
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221104965
02
Private urbanism and the spatial rationalities of urban governance
私有化城市主义与城市治理的空间合理性
Abstract
Many cities across Africa are characterised by poor planning, housing deficit, waste management challenges and land-use conflicts. Government efforts to address these challenges remain inadequate, with increased private sector participation in urban governance which in recent times has taken the form of privatised cities. Deploying governmentality – the distributed and subjectified statehood – as an analytical frame, and with data produced through interviews, observation and review of various documents, this article analyses spatial rationalities of private city development in Ghana. Rationalities are viewed as drawing boundaries and producing order to foster correct comportments in analysing the logic underlying actors’ approach to private city development. For the state, private city projects provide a quick fix to the urban planning and governance challenges by providing critical infrastructure and development control. Investors view private city developments as profitable ventures that offer the so-called ‘ideal cities’ that can respond to urban governance challenges. The discourses regarding privatised cities are focused on technocratic notions such as tenure security, development control and service delivery. It is, however, argued that the focus, target and strategies of privatised cities are piecemeal and limited in scope and cannot address the urban governance challenges confronting African cities.
Keywords
Accra, Ghana, governmentality, private cities, spatial rationality, urban governance
阿克拉, 加纳, 治理, 私有化城市, 空间理性, 城市治理
03
Home-made blues: Residential crowding and mental health in Beijing, China
住房导致的抑郁：中国北京的住宅拥挤和心理健康
AbstractAlthough residential crowding has many well-being implications, its connection to mental health is yet to be widely examined. Using survey data from 1613 residents in Beijing, China, we find that living in a crowded place – measured by both square metres per person and persons per bedroom – is significantly associated with a higher risk of depression. We test for the mechanisms of such associations and find that the residential crowding–depression link arises through increased living space-specific stress rather than increased life stress. We also identify the following subgroups that have relatively stronger residential crowding–depression associations: females, those living with children, those not living with parents, and those living in non-market housing units. Our findings show that inequality in living space among urban residents not only is an important social justice issue but also has health implications.
摘要
尽管住宅拥挤对福祉有许多影响，但它与心理健康的关系还有待广泛研究。我们使用来自中国北京的 1613 名居民的调查数据，发现居住在拥挤的地方—以人均居住面积和每间卧室人数衡量—与患抑郁症的风险显著相关。我们测试了这种关联的机制，发现居住拥挤-抑郁的联系是通过增加生活空间特定压力而不是增加生活压力而产生的。我们还确定了以下居住拥挤-抑郁关联相对较强的亚组：女性、与子女同住者、不与父母同住者、以及居住在非市场住房单元的人。我们的研究结果表明，城市居民生活空间的不平等不仅是一个重要的社会正义问题，而且对健康也有影响。
Keywords China, health, housing, overcrowding, urban planning, well-being
关键词
中国, 健康, 住房, 过度拥挤, 城市规划，福祉
04
Rescaling of the land regime in the making of city-regions: A case study of China’s Pearl River Delta
城市区域建设过程中的土地体制尺度重构：以中国珠江三角洲为例
Xianchun Zhang（浙江大学）
Yi Li（河海大学）
等五位作者
首次出版时间：2022/7/19｜研究论文
Abstract
Ubiquitous in fast-urbanising China, land-driven urban growth is increasingly inter-urban in nature – a trend that is underexplored in the literature. Grounded in a conceptual framework concerning the rescaling of the land regime, this study probes the unfolding land development processes of city-regionalism. Key findings of an examination of the Shenzhen–Shanwei Special Cooperation Zone in the Pearl River Delta are as follows: land regime rescaling is an emergent driving force for city-region making in China; the rescaled land regime centres on uneven capacities among the states of cooperating cities and benefit sharing (immediate land-related profit and potential long-term profit); provincial government engagement is fundamental to legitimatising this contested process; the rescaled land regime has been orchestrated by state interests in land development, rather than business interests released by marketisation, spawning a ‘stretching’ state territoriality of the central city. This article furthers the field’s understanding of a ‘world of city-regionalisms’ through a situated account of emerging city-regionalism characterised by land development in the Chinese context.
摘要
土地驱动的城市增长在快速城市化的中国无处不在，其越来越具有跨城市的性质，但这一趋势在文献中未被充分研究。本研究立足于土地体制尺度重构这一概念框架，探讨城市区域化的土地开发过程。珠江三角洲深汕特别合作区考察的主要发现如下：土地体制尺度重构是中国城市区域建设的新兴动力；土地体制尺度重构的重点是合作城市的政府之间的能力不平衡和利益分享（与土地相关的直接利润和潜在的长期利润）；省级政府的参与对于使这一有争议的过程合法化至关重要；土地体制尺度重构是由政府在土地开发方面的利益而不是由市场化释放的商业利益所策划的，其酿成了中心城市政府领域的“延伸”。本文通过对中国背景下以土地开发为特征的新兴城市-区域化的情境化描述，进一步加深了该领域对“城市-区域化世界”的理解。Keywordscity-regionalism, land regime, Pearl River Delta, provincial government, regional cooperation
关键词
城市区域化, 土地体制，珠三角, 省级政府, 区域合作
05
Consuming ‘authenticity’? Reinterpreting the ‘new middle class’ in China through the lens of retailing changes
消费“真实性”？从零售变革的角度重新解读中国的“新中产阶级”
AbstractIf gentrification is occurring globally, we must understand the uneven intervention of globalisation in the production of a (global) gentrifier class. This paper adopts a comparative perspective to investigate the ‘new middle class’ within China’s urban context. Through the critical examination of subtle retailing changes, it discusses how recent place-making strategies have fabricated the aura of ‘authenticity’ built upon the history of traditional residential neighbourhoods, attracting gentrifiers, whose consumption practices have transformed the retail space of a gentrified historic neighbourhood. Using Nanjing as a case study by employing qualitative research methods, this study shows that the Chinese new middle classes have yearned for modern and elitist lifestyles, with a preference for consuming Western-style goods to manifest their distinctive tastes and social status. This paper’s research findings propose the concept of Xiaozi consumption, a specific term that challenges Western-developed concepts of ‘consuming authenticity’ by highlighting the planetary indigeneity of gentrification in the Global South.
摘要
如果说绅士化正在全球发生，我们必须了解全球化对（全球）绅士化阶层生产的不均衡影响。本文采用比较视角研究中国城市背景下的“新中产阶级”。通过对零售业细微变化的批判性考察，我们探讨最近的场所营造策略如何在传统住宅区的历史基础上营造出“真实性”的光环，从而吸引绅士化人士，他们的消费行为已经改变了绅士化历史街区的零售空间。本研究以南京为例，采用定性研究方法，表明中国新中产阶级向往现代和精英的生活方式，偏好消费西式商品，以彰显其独特的品味和社会地位。本文的研究结果提出了“小资”消费的概念，通过强调全球南方绅士化的行星本土性，该特别术语挑战了西方发展出来的“消费真实性”概念。
关键词
真实性, 绅士化, 全球化, 零售变革, 小资消费
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