讲座预告 | 迈克尔·斯特雷文斯:知识机器和科学中确证理论的角色
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中国科学院哲学研究所将于9月22日邀请纽约大学哲学教授迈克尔·斯特雷文斯(Michael Strevens)在线讲解他的新书《知识机器:非理性如何塑造科学》中提出的新的解释模型——这个模型试图解释近代科学如何从古代芜杂而多样的自然思考转变为近代科学不断创新与实证性的知识机器。
知识机器和科学中确证理论的角色
主讲人:Michael Strevens(纽约大学)
主持人:刘闯(复旦大学 / 中国科学院哲学研究所)
评论人:
1. Darrell Rowbottom(岭南大学)
2. Casper Storm Hansen(中国科学院哲学研究所)
3. 徐竹(华东师范大学)
4. 孙永平(北京大学)
时间:2021年9月22日 19:30-21:30
ZOOM线上会议
会议号:489 550 5875
密码:6666
讲座工作语言为英语
主办单位:中国科学院哲学研究所
讲座摘要
科学的推理引擎就是证据支持的逻辑,也就是“确证”。1945年,卡尔·亨普尔(Carl Hempel)提出了确证理论,但最终被视为过度简化与单纯,因为确证理论无法整合认知语境中“超经验”的优点(例如简单性、同一性、优雅的理论解释等),并且确证理论只是关于证据如何支持假设的定性理论,而不是证据有多大程度支持假设的量化理论。在《知识机器》中,与主流观点不同的是,作者认为正是亨普尔理论的简单性,更贴近科学中证据支持的逻辑。从哲学的观点来看,确证理论是无法接受的,但这一理论很好地反映了科学实践的很多方面。更精确地说,确证理论反映的是科学发表和出版中证据支撑的角色,与个人私下的科学推理不同。以追求理论之美为案例,作者论证科学出版和发表中证据支撑的方式,严格来说是非理性的。但是这种非理性对于现代科学的成功至关重要。
主讲人简介
迈克尔·斯特雷文斯(Michael Strevens),纽约大学哲学教授,曾任教于爱荷华州立大学、斯坦福大学。主要研究领域为科学哲学,包括科学的本质、科学系统的复杂性、科学解释和理解、物理概率、科学的社会结构;以及哲学在认知科学中的应用,特别是概念的心理学。2017年获得古根海姆奖。2020年出版《知识机器》一书,解释科学为什么可以创造知识,以及为什么人类花了如此久的时间才弄清楚如何正确的做到这一点。
The Knowledge Machine and the role of confirmation theory in science
Speaker: Michael Strevens (New York University)
Chair: Chuang Liu (Fudan University / CASIP)
Commentators:
1. Darrell Rowbottom (Lingnan University)
2. Casper Storm Hansen (CASIP)
3. Zhu Xu (East China Normal University)
4. Yongping Sun (PKU)
Time: Wednesday, 22th September 2021, 7:30 PM - 9:30 PM (UTC+8)
Online Platform: Zoom
Meeting ID: 489 550 5875
Passcode: 6666
Language: English
Organizers: Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIP)
Abstract
The inferential engine of science is the logic of evidential support, aka "confirmation". In 1945, Carl Hempel proposed a simple theory of confirmation that eventually came to be seen as unacceptably unsophisticated: it failed to incorporate the impact of epistemic context, of the "superempirical virtues" (such as simplicity, unity, explanatory elegance, and so on), and it was purely qualitative, telling you when a piece of evidence supported a hypothesis but without quantifying the degree of support. Drawing on ideas in The Knowledge Machine, I will propose that Hempel's theory, precisely because it is simplistic, comes much closer to capturing the logic of evidential support in science than is commonly supposed. From a philosophical perspective it is indeed unacceptable, yet it reflects many aspects of scientific practice very well. Or more exactly, what it reflects is the role of evidential support in scientific publication (as opposed to private scientific reasoning). Using the case of theoretical beauty, I will argue that the way support works in scientific publication is, indeed, strictly speaking irrational. Yet that irrationality, I will suggest, is critical to the success of modern science.
Biography
Michael Strevens was born and raised in New Zealand. He moved to the US in 1991 to undertake a PhD at Rutgers University; currently, he teaches philosophy of science at New York University. His academic work is principally concerned with the nature of science, covering topics such as scientific explanation, understanding, complex systems, probability of various sorts, causation, and the social structure of science; he also applies contemporary research in cognitive psychology to explain aspects of both philosophical and scientific thinking. In The Knowledge Machine, a trade book, he explains why science is so successful at creating knowledge and why it took so long for humans to figure out how to do it right.
往期回顾:
1. 近代科学的知识学重塑 ——读迈克尔·斯特雷文斯《知识机器》
编辑 / 姚文丽、翟宸宇
海报 / 闫禹宏
审核 / 吴东颖
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