学术前沿丨《JEEM》2020年涉及中国文章汇总_上（附全年总目录）

启研学社由知名学者担任学术顾问，高校师生与企研数据科学团队联合组建，以大数据资源及相关技术助力中国学术与智库研究为宗旨的研究组织。团队当前的主要目标是挖掘经济社会大数据资源在学术和智库领域的应用价值，开展学术大数据治理研究，以及探索大数据分析技术融入中国经济社会研究的可行进路。 

Journal of Environmental Economics and Management是由Elsevier出版社出版，致力于发表和环境与资源经济学相关的理论与实证文章，为SSCI来源期刊，是环境与资源经济学领域公认的顶级期刊。

2020 年JEEM共发表了70篇文章，其中12篇与中国相关。

我们将前5篇文章（全部来自 Volume 104 November 2020）的摘要翻译推送给有需要的学者，以供参考，后7篇文章的摘要翻译将呈现在之后的推文中。

此外，我们还将搜集、汇总这12篇文章的数据来源，并呈现在“数据交流”栏目中，敬请关注！

Volume 104 

November 2020

1

Temperature and high-stakes cognitive performance: Evidence from the national college entrance examination in China

温度与高风险认知表现：来自中国全国高考的证据

Joshua Graff Zivin^a, Yingquan Song^b, Qu Tang^c, Peng Zhang^d

a School of Global Policy and Strategy and Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego, and NBER, USA

b The China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, China

c Institute for Economic and Social Research, Jinan University, China

d School of Management and Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen Finance Institute, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, China

Abstract：We provide the first nation-wide estimates of the effects of temperature on high-stakes cognitive performance in a developing country using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) in China. The NCEE is one of the most important institutions in China and affects millions of families. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in temperature during the exam period within counties (2 °C/3.6 °F) decreases the total test score by 0.68%, or 5.83% of a standard deviation, with effects concentrated on the highest performing students. This suggests that temperature plays an important role in high-stakes cognitive performance and has potentially far-reaching impacts for the careers and lifetime earnings of students.

Keywords：Cognitive performance; Temperature; Climate change; Standardized test

摘要：我们利用中国的全国高考数据，首次在全国范围内估计了发展中国家温度对从事高风险认知活动的影响。高考是中国最重要的制度之一，影响着数以百万计的家庭。我们发现，在县域内，考试期间气温升高一个标准差(2 °C/3.6 °F)会使考试总分下降0.68%，或者说下降5.83%个标准差，且影响集中在成绩最好的学生身上。这表明，温度对高风险认知活动起着重要作用，对学生的职业和终身收入有潜在深远影响。

关键词：认知表现；温度；气候变化；标准化测试

2

How costly are driving restrictions? Contingent valuation evidence from Beijing

限行的成本有多高？来自北京条件价值法的证据

Allen Blackman^a, Ping Qin^b, Jun Yang^c

a Climate and Sustainable Development Sector, Inter-American Development Bank, Resources for the Future, USA

b School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, China

c Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing Transport Institute, China

Abstract: A common policy response to severe air pollution and traffic congestion in developing-country megacities is to ban the driving of vehicles with license plates ending in certain numbers on certain days. We use the contingent valuation method to estimate the costs to drivers of Beijing’s driving restrictions program, one of the world’s largest. Our study generates three main findings. First, costs are substantial: RMB 356 to 709 (US $54 to $107) per driver per year, which represents 0.5 to 1 percent of annual income, and RMB 1.6 billion to 3.3 billion (US $247 million to $493 million) per year for all drivers. Second, comparison of our cost estimates with estimates of the benefits of Beijing’s program from other studies suggests that the benefits exceed the costs. Finally, the costs per driver are significantly smaller than the costs (estimated using the same methods) of Mexico City’s program, which by most accounts has had zero benefits. These findings provide some of the strongest evidence to date that driving restrictions programs can, given certain conditions, have net benefits. They also suggest that relatively high program costs are not a necessary condition for significant program benefits—in fact, the opposite may be true.

Keywords: Contingent valuation; Driving restrictions; Stated preference; Regulatory cost; Command-and-control; Transportation

摘要：在发展中国家的超级大都市，为了应对严重的空气污染和交通堵塞，一种常见的政策措施是在某些日子里禁止车牌号为某些数字的车辆。我们使用条件价值法来估计北京的限行项目（世界上最大的限行项目之一）给司机带来的成本。我们的研究得出三个主要结论。首先，成本是巨大的：每位司机每年的成本为356-709元人民币（54-107美元），达到年收入的0.5%至1%，所有司机每年的成本为16亿-33亿元人民币（2.47亿-4.93亿美元）。其次，将我们的成本估算与其他研究中对北京限行项目收益的估算进行比较后发现，收益大于成本。最后，使用同样的方法估算发现，每位司机的成本显著低于墨西哥限行项目下司机的成本，而墨西哥限行项目的收益大多为零。这些发现提供了一些迄今为止最有力的证据，表明了在特定条件下，限行项目可以产生净效益。研究还表明，相对较高的项目成本并不是项目收益显著的必要条件，事实上，情况可能恰恰相反。

关键词：条件价值法；限行；陈述偏好；管制成本；指挥控制；交通运输

3

The impact of climate change on the labor allocation: Empirical evidence from China

气候变化对劳动力配置的影响：来自中国的经验证据

Kaixing Huang^a, Hong Zhao^b, Jikun Huang^c,d, Jinxia Wang^c, ChristopherFindlay^e

a School of Economics, Nankai University, China

b Center for Transnationals’ Studies, School of Economics, Nankai University, China

c School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, China

d Jiangxi Agricultural University, China

e Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Australia

Abstract: Climate change may significantly affect the labor market by generating disproportionate damage to marginal returns to labor across sectors. However, this potentially important channel through which climate change may affect social welfare has not received the attention it deserves. We provide the first estimate of the long-term effects of climate change on the labor market based on the hedonic approach, which accounts for individual long-term adjustments to climate change. Using a panel of field survey data from 8076 working age residents in 279 rural communities in China, we find that a 1 °C increase from current mean temperature will reduce an average rural resident’s time allocated to farm work by 7.0%, increase the time allocated to off-farm work by 7.8%, and reduce the time allocated to leisure by 0.8%. We also find differential responses to climate change across gender: higher temperatures mainly shift males’ time from leisure to off-farm work, but mainly shift females’ time from farm work to off-farm work.

Keywords: Climate change; Labor market; Welfare

摘要：气候变化可能会对各部门劳动力的边际收益造成极大的损害，从而对劳动力市场产生重大影响。然而，气候变化可能影响社会福利这一潜在的重要渠道并没有得到应有的关注。我们首次采用享乐评价法来估计气候变化对劳动力市场的长期影响，该方法考虑了个人对气候变化的长期调整。基于中国279个农村社区8076名劳动年龄段居民的实地调查数据，我们发现，在当前平均气温的基础上上升1℃，农村居民平均分配给农活的时间将减少7.0%，分配给非农活的时间增加7.8%，分配给休闲的时间减少0.8%。我们还发现了不同性别对气候变化的不同反应：气温升高主要是将男性居民的时间从休闲转移到非农工作，但对于女性居民时间而言，主要是从农业工作转移到非农工作。

关键词：气候变化；劳动力市场；福利

4

Linking urban air pollution with residents’ willingness to pay for greenspace: A choice experiment study in Beijing

城市空气污染与居民对绿地的支付意愿的关系：北京的一项选择实验研究

Zhaoyang Liu^a, Nick Hanley^b, Danny Campbell^c

a Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, UK

b Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

c Economics Division, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK

Abstract: This study investigates the nexus between urban air pollution and residents’ preferences for greenspace. The two environmental issues could be linked through people’s general tastes for environmental amenities helping to determine residential location choice, implying that residents of heavily-polluted neighbourhoods may care less about environmental amenities in general, including greenspace. Alternatively, high pollution levels could force people to reduce their local outdoor activities and thereby devalue urban greenspace as local recreational resources. Finally, residents of severely-polluted areas may derive additional benefits from greenspace as trees can enhance air quality. To examine these issues, we undertook choice experiment surveys in Beijing to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for three types of greenspace: a neighbourhood park near respondents’ homes, a city park in central Beijing and a national park outside the city. We then used air pollution data to help explain the spatial heterogeneity in WTP. Neighbourhood parks provide direct air purification services for communities nearby, and our results indeed suggest that respondents exposed to higher pollution levels have higher WTP for a new neighbourhood park. However, we failed to find evidence of a significant effect of pollution on WTP for a new city park or a new national park.

Keywords: Greenspace; Urban air pollution; Spatial heterogeneity of preferences; Choice experiment; Willingness to pay; Mixed logit model; Instrumental variable

摘要：本文研究了城市空气污染与居民对绿地的偏好之间的关系。这两个环境问题可以通过“人们对环境设施的品味有助于决定居住地点的选择”而联系起来，这意味着一般污染严重的居民区的居民可能不太关心环境设施，包括绿地。另外，高污染水平可能迫使人们减少当地的户外活动，从而降低城市绿地作为当地休闲资源的价值。最后，由于树木可以改善空气质量，污染严重地区的居民可能会从绿地中获得额外收益。为了研究这些问题，我们在北京进行了选择实验调查，以获得对三种绿地的支付意愿（WTP）：受访者家附近的社区公园、北京市中心的城市公园和城外的国家公园。然后，我们使用空气污染数据来帮助解释支付意愿（WTP）的空间异质性。社区公园为附近的社区提供直接的空气净化服务，我们的结果确实表明，暴露在较高污染水平下的受访者对新建社区公园的支付意愿（WTP）较高。然而，我们没有发现污染对新建城市公园或新建国家公园的支付意愿（WTP）有显著影响的证据。

关键词：绿地；城市空气污染；偏好的空间异质性；选择实验；支付意愿；混合Logit模型；工具变量

5

Does road expansion induce traffic? An evaluation of Vehicle-Kilometers Traveled in China

道路扩建是否会增加交通量？中国车辆行驶公里数评估

Wei Chen^a, H. Allen Klaiber^b

a School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, China

b Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, USA

Abstract: This paper estimates the causal effect of urban road expansion on Vehicle-Kilometers Traveled (VKT) in 103 Chinese cities. We develop a novel matching IV strategy to address endogeneity concerns that complements traditional historical infrastructure instruments to provide time-varying identification in a panel data setting.We find that the estimated elasticity of VKT with respect to road length is approximately 1, indicating that newly built urban roads lead to a proportional increase in total traffic. Given significant ongoing infrastructure investment and more recently enacted traffic alleviation policies in many Chinese cities, this result provides important new information on the impacts of infrastructure investment on traffic.

Keywords: Vehicle-kilometers traveled; Road infrastructure; China

摘要：本文估计了中国103个城市的城市道路扩建对车辆行驶公里数（VKT）的因果效应。我们研发了一种新的工具变量策略来解决内生性问题，是对传统的历史基础设施工具的补充，在面板数据设置中提供时变识别。我们发现，VKT相对于道路长度的估计弹性约为1，这表明新建的城市道路会导致总交通量同比例增加。考虑到中国许多城市正在进行的大量基础设施投资和最近颁布的交通缓解政策，这一结果为基础设施投资对交通的影响提供了新的重要信息。

关键词：车辆公里数；道路基础设施；中国

附：

《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2020年

全年总目录（篇名+作者）

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