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逛东北早市学实用量词

Learning Chinese Measure Words 

at a Northeastern Morning Market

（本文转载自《孔子学院》中英双语版（黑龙江刊）2023年第4期/总第80期）

本篇拟图文并茂地展现东北早市场景，并通过南北方买菜差异的鲜明比对，完成日常实用汉语量词教学。

In this article, we will vividly depict the scenes of a morning market in Northeast China and introduce you to the differences in shopping for groceries between the south and the north in China.During the process, you will master more practical Chinese measure words.

冬日的清晨，太阳还未完全升起，但东北的早市已经热闹起来了。为了这份热闹，有人披星戴月地忙碌着。

Early in the winter morning, before the sun fully rises, the morning market is already bustling. This lively atmosphere is the result of diligent people getting up early to work.

凌晨四点多，满载丰盛食材的拉货车陆续驶入长街，轮毂像丝滑的拉链拉开了市民生活的序幕。商贩们紧锣密鼓地卸货，有条不紊地陈列。随着“哗啦”一声，鱼摊前刚刚捕捞上岸的新鲜鲫鱼从渔网内倾泻而出，在地上活蹦乱跳。早市开张了，人们不断地涌入长街，市场沸腾了起来。

Around 4:00 a.m., trucks loaded with produce starts to enter the long street. With their rolling wheels, the city starts to look alive. The vendors quickly unload their goods and then neatly display them. With a splash, freshly caught crucian carps are scattered from the fishing nets at the stalls, wriggling and jumping on the ground. The morning market is now open, and people continuously stream into the long street. The market is bustling with excitement.

这里是黑龙江省哈尔滨市的红专街早市，整座城市从这里开始苏醒：现烙的苞米面大饼子香甜可口，刚炸的玫瑰红豆油炸糕外酥里糯，新出炉的牛肉洋葱烧饼皮薄馅足，再搭配一碗浓郁多汁的豆腐脑或是鲜而不膻的羊杂汤，唤醒你一天的活力。

This is the morning market of Hongzhuan Street in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. It is where the whole city begins to wake up. Here you can find freshly baked corn pancakes, all sweet and delicious. Here you can find freshly fried doughnuts with rose and red bean,which are crispy on the outside and sticky on the inside. Here you can also find newly baked beef and onion pancakes with thin crusts and generous fiings. You can enjoy them with a bowl of rich and juicy tofu pudding, or a serving of flavorful sheep haggis soup that has no unpleasant gamy odour at all. These delicacies will invigorate you for the whole day.

响亮的吆喝声、温情的问候声与锅铲的碰撞声交织在一起，奏出一支活力四射的交响曲；黄澄澄的玉米、红彤彤的辣椒、绿油油的青菜、白生生的萝卜、黑乎乎的冻梨（一种东北特产，将白梨天然冰冻至乌黑色，食用时，需待其融化。其口感绵密，清甜多汁，有解酒功效。）被整整齐齐地摆放在摊头，像一幅五彩缤纷的水彩画。

The vendors’ shouts, warm greetings, and the sound of spatulas hitting pans intertwine, creating a vibrant symphony. Yellow corn, red chili peppers, green vegetables, white radishes, and dark frozen pears (a specialty of Northeast China, where white pears are naturally frozen until they turn black. When eaten, they have a dense texture, sweet and juicy, and are known for their hangover-curing effects.) are neatly arranged on the stalls, resembling a gorgeous watercolor painting.

中国地大物博、幅员辽阔，其南北差异犹如泾水渭河一样分明。

China is so vast that the differences between the south and the north are as clear as the different colors of the Jing and Wei Rivers, as the Chinese idiom jingwei-fenming indicates.

菜市场里，白净敦实的大白菜摞成一堆，叶片紧密地“抱”在一起，叶青如翡，茎白似玉。南方人见了：“哟，白菜不错呀！老板，来一颗。”北方人见了：“哟，白菜不错呀！老板，来一车。”

At the vegetable stalls, large and plump Chinese cabbages with closely wrapped leaves are stacked together. The leaves are emerald green, and the stems are jade white. When people from the South see them, they say, “Wow, the cabbage looks so good. Hey mister, give me one!” However, when people from the North see them, they say, “Wow, the cabbage looks so good.Hey mister, give me a cartload!”

这不是夸张，这是生动写实：立冬前后，北起黑龙江，南至大连，整个东北地区的人们开启了囤菜模式。东北的冬季寒冷而漫长，白菜耐储存、味鲜甜，成为东北冬日里的“当家菜”：拌菜里有它，炒菜里有它，炖菜里有它，腌渍的酸菜是它，包子、饺子馅儿里面还有它。鲜甜丰硕的白菜调剂了一整个漫长单调的冬季。

This is no exaggeration, but a vivid depiction of reality. Before the beginning of winter, from Heilongjiang in the north to Dalian in the south, people in the entire northeastern region enter the mode of stockpiling vegetables. The winter in Northeast China is cold and long, and Chinese cabbage, which can be stored well and has a refreshing and sweet taste, becomes the “star vegetable”. It is found everywhere: in the cold dish of mixed shredded vegetables, in fried dishes, in stews, and as sour pickles. It is even used as stuffing for buns and dumplings. The fresh and plump Chinese cabbage gives the long and monotonous winter a cheerful twist.

因而，有人调侃道：“南方人买菜买一顿，北方人买菜买一吨。”通常，人们在菜市场采购时，南北方通行的量词有：

People jokingly say that while southerners buy by the meal, northerners buy by the ton. Here are some common measure words used by both southerners and northerners when they make purchases at a market:

“只”，用来计量飞禽走兽，如“一只鸡”；

Zhi, used to measure birds and animals, such as yi zhi ji (one chicken).

“条”，用来计量身体细长的动物，如“两条鱼”；

Tiao, used to measure long and slender animals, such as liang tiao yu (two fish).

“两”，是重量单位，1 两等于 50 克，如“三两肉”；

Liang, a weight unit where 1 liang is equal to 50 grams, such as san liang rou(150 grams of meat).

“斤”，是重量单位，1 斤等于 500 克，如“四斤排骨”；

Jin, a weight unit where 1 jin is equal to 500 grams, such as si jin paigu (2 kilograms of ribs).

“公斤”，是重量单位，1 公斤等于 1 000 克，如“五公斤土豆”。

Gongjin, a weight unit where 1 gongjin is equal to 1000 grams, such as wu gongjin tudou (10 kilograms of potatoes).

豪爽大气、不拘小节，是东北人与生俱来的气质。这一点，不光在买白菜上，在买其他菜上，也体现得淋漓尽致。北方买菜，要么论斤，要么论捆，要么论袋，家里人口多的，还有论筐的。这让南方人身处北方菜场，可能会产生一种错觉：人们不像是来买菜的，倒像是来进货的。

The people of Northeast China are known for their inherent straightforwardness and for their unconcern about trivalities. Such a character can be seen not only when they purchase Chinese cabbages, but also when they buy other vegetables. In the north, people weight their purchases either by jin, or by kun (bundle), or by dai (bag). Those who have a large household even make their purchases by kuang (basket), and a large one. When southerners walk into a northern vegetable market, they may have the illusion that the people around are not shopping for groceries but stocking up to open a shop themselves.

结合图表，一起来学习吧：

Let’s learn the measure words they respectively use with the help of pictures:

在日常生活中，掌握精准地道的量词是很有必要的。

For the convenience of daily life, it is essential to learn the common measure words so that you can express yourself accurately.

毕竟，没有人能饿着肚、空着手，从琳琅满目、物美价廉、量大管饱的东北早市走出来。在东北人民热情的吆喝声中，又有谁能拒绝这样一场丰盛早市的诱惑呢？

After all, no one can leave a Northeastern morning market with an empty stomach or two empty hands. Here everything comes in abundance and in great diversity, and at a reasonable price. The enthusiasm of the northeastern vendors, who are vigorously shouting to attract customers, is contagious. How can anyone resist such a northeastern morning market?

这个冬天，东北早市，等着你！

The morning market awaits. This winter, comeand visit!

更多精彩内容，欢迎访问《孔子学院》官网获取。

地址：https://ci.cn/xwzx/cbw

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作者：廖叶 Liao Ye

翻译：杨祎辰 Yang Yichen

图片：廖叶 Liao Ye

美术编辑：秦栋格（实习）

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