孔院微课堂 | 黄山，人间瑰宝
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Huangshan Mountain,
Nature's Masterpiece
黄
人间瑰宝
山
（本文转载自《孔子学院》中英文对照版2023年第1期/总第77期）
徽州，永远是中国文人的“温柔乡”，而天下第一奇山——黄山，则是徽州地区的核心景观，是目前中国唯一一处同时拥有世界文化与自然双遗产、世界地质公园、世界生物圈保护区三项桂冠的风景名胜区，与长江、长城、黄河同为中华壮丽山河和灿烂文化的杰出代表。
Huizhou holds a distinctive image in the minds of Chinese intellectuals. When visiting Huizhou, you must not miss Huangshan Mountain, the most well-known mountain in the world. It is the only place in China awarded the labels of the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage, the UNESCO Global Geopark and the Biosphere Reserve. As famous as the Yangtze River, the Great Wall, and the Yellow River, Huangshan Mountain has become a symbol of China’s natural beauty and splendid culture.
登黄山，天下无山
It is not worth seeing other mountains
after visiting Huangshan Mountain
明代旅行家徐霞客曾两次登临黄山，他赞叹道：“薄海内外无如徽之黄山，登黄山天下无山，观止矣！”后人据此概括为“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”。黄山的美，只有亲临的人才能懂得。
Xu Xiake, a well-known Chinese geologist in the Ming dynasty, visited Huangshan Mountain twice and left his praise in this quote: “Whilst there are many famous mountains, there is none like Huangshan Mountain. Having ascended Huangshan Mountain, there are no more mountains under Heaven, and the viewing of other mountains stops.” Later, people shortened the quote into a popular saying: “Having seen the Five Great Mountains1, one does not see other mountains; having seen Huangshan Mountain, one does not see the Five Great Mountains.” The beauty of Huangshan Mountain can only be felt by those who have visited it.
1The Five Great Mountains are Mount Hua (华山), Mount Heng (衡山), Mount Tai (泰山), Mount Heng (恒山), and Mount Song (嵩山).
黄山有五绝：奇松、怪石、云海、温泉、冬雪。
Huangshan Mountain is famous for its odd-shaped pines, grotesque-looking rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs, and snow scenery.
黄山松以石为母，峰石相连，妙不可言。主要有玉屏楼的迎客松和送客松、始信峰的龙爪松、鲫鱼背旁的探海松，以及传说与唐明皇和杨贵妃有关的连理松等。其中，迎客松闻名天下，象征着友谊、包容和开放，是黄山松的代表。
Many of the pines on Huangshan Mountain have their roots deep in rock crevices and grow into various forms. These include the Greeting Pine and the Farewell Pine in Yuping Peak, the Dragon Claw Pine in Shixin Peak, the Exploring Ocean Pine near Carp Peak, and the Couple Pine, named after the legendary love story of the Minghuang Emperor and his favorite concubine Yang Guifei of the Tang dynasty. A symbol of friendship, tolerance and opening, Greeting Pine is the most famous and the most representative of these pine trees.
形态各异的黄山怪石，因观看角度的不同而出现不同的景象，“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”。其中最具代表性的属西海景区的飞来石，它是自然风化而来的奇石，像是上苍遗落在人间的瑰宝。
The rocks of Huangshan Mountain look different depending on which direction you look. Just as the saying goes: “It’s a range viewed in face and peaks viewed from the side, assuming different shapes viewed from far and wide.” the most famous rock is called Flying-Over Rock, which is formed naturally in Xihai Scenic Area and looks like a gem fallen from heaven.
在黄山遇见云海，需要一些运气。峰、石、松在云海中时隐时现，宛如海市蜃楼。幻境中几分真实、几分虚幻？云上的时间是否流动得比人间要稍慢一些？
It takes some luck to come across the sea of clouds on Huangshan Mountain. The peaks, rocks, and pine trees loom in the mist, as if they were in a mirage. Is this ever-changing scene of beauty real or just an illusion? Does time move slower atop the clouds than down below?
黄山温泉可浴、可饮、可医。温泉的泉眼位于紫石峰南麓、桃花溪北岸，泉水是亚洲珍稀的朱砂泉，水温保持在42.3℃，与骊山的华清池、安宁的碧玉泉并称为中国“温泉三奇”。因具有医疗价值，黄山温泉也被称为“灵泉”。泡温泉时，游客可俯瞰峡谷，可抬头见山，或置身冬雪之中，宛若仙境，不知人间几何。
The hot spring water of Huangshan Mountain is both suitable for drinking and bathing and is known for its medical effects. The eye of the hot spring is located at the south foot of Zishi Peak and north of Peach Blossom Stream. The water contains cinnabar, a rare mineral found in Asia. Its temperature stays at 42.3°C throughout the year. It is as famous as the Huaqing Hot Spring of Lishan Mountain and the Jade Spring of Anning. It is also called “spiritual spring” due to its amazing medical value. When taking a bath in the hot spring, you can enjoy sweeping views of the canyons below, the peaks high above, or the stunning winter scenery. You will find yourself in a fairyland.
黄山四季皆胜景，而冬雪最销魂。每到严冬，皑皑白雪遍铺峰峦。“一夜寒风起，万树银花开”，到处是银妆素裹，玉砌冰雕。明人潘旦游后曾赞叹：“玉柱撑天，琼花满树，恍入冰壶……”
While Huangshan Mountain is beautiful anytime of the year, there’s something especially spectacular about Huangshan Mountain in winter. At the coldest time of the year, all the peaks are capped in snow. “A gust of cold wind swept overnight, and it brought thousands of trees in full bloom.” Everything on the mountain is turned into ice sculptures. Pan Dan, a poet of the Ming dynasty, wrote after his travel: “Seeing the jade pillars and the trees in white bloom, I felt like stepping into a crystal world...”
黄山山境南北长约40千米，东西宽约30千米，总面积约1200平方千米。游览黄山主要是从汤口镇进入，景点大部分在山顶，有前山和后山之分。前山雄伟，天都峰、莲花峰和光明顶三大雄峰矗立，后山秀美，狮子峰、始信峰等奇峰突兀。其中，莲花峰为安徽最高峰，海拔1860米，峰峦峻峭，劈地摩天，重岩叠嶂，宏博富丽。
Huangshan Mountain sprawls 40 kilometers long from north to south and 30 kilometers wide from east to west. It covers a total area of about 1,200 square kilometers. The gateway to the mountain is in a town named Tangkou. Most of the scenic spots are on the top of the mountain and comprise the front and the back part. The front, which gathers three highest peaks — Lotus Peak, Bright Summit, and Celestial Capital Peak — is known for its sheer rugged beaty. The back part, which is more picturesque, is the ideal place to admire those imaginatively named peaks, such as Lion Peak and Shixin Peak. The highest Lotus Peak, at 1,860 meters, towers over the central part of Huangshan Mountain in its magnificent beauty.
览徽州，胸有水墨
Cultural legacy of Huizhou
“八山一水一分田。”来到黄山脚下，所见也是山丘屏列、岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水迥环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵。古往今来，许多文人墨客在此留下墨宝，如李白曾写下“我宿黄山碧溪月，听之却罢松间琴”……游览徽州，心中会被水墨浸染。
“Eighty percent of Anhui’s terrain is mountains, ten percent is rivers, and the rest ten percent is farmland.” At the foot of Huangshan Mountain, there are high hills, tranquil valleys, flat fields and plains, and bubbling brooks and streams. Famed poets and artists from various periods of China have traveled here and left numerous literary works. For example, Li Bai once wrote that “On a moon-lit night, I stayed at Bixi stream; while listening to the gurgling stream, I stopped playing Guqin”… In Huizhou, you are reminded of its cultural prosperity wherever you go.
山上有风景，山下是文化。置身于徽州，看被雨水冲刷数百年的马头墙，你会突然理解渐江的山水画；“前世不修生在徽州，十三四岁往外一丢”，听古徽州的故事，你才能了解那些牌坊为何要建造得如此整齐且自带威严之感；走在渔梁镇的石板街上，你可以想象当时这里作为古徽州人出外经商的水上要道。尝一尝徽州美食，走一走徽杭古道，你会了解到，臭鳜鱼在过去是在路途颠簸数月的徽州人的干粮，墨子酥是岁末时家家户户祈福的糕点……
At the foot of Huangshan Mountain, the heritage of Huizhou is on full display. Looking at the clusters of houses with roofs shaped like horse heads, you will suddenly understand the meaning behind Jian Jiang’s landscape paintings. In ancient times, Huizhou people left their hometown and learned to do business at the age of thirteen or fourteen. Listening to their stories and adventures, you will discover why Huizhou’s memorial archways are built with a sense of order and majesty. Walking along the narrow stone lanes in Yuliang Town, imagine how the town used to serve as a major riverside trading post. Travel along the Huizhou-Hangzhou Ancient Trade Route and taste some local food, you will know why the merchants took “stinky mandarin fish” as their food on their month-long business trip and why people made Mozi crisp cakes at the end of year to pray for happiness.
在整个黄山市，共有两处世界文化遗产（黄山、宏村）、八处5A级景区、49处国家文物保护单位、24处国家级非物质文化遗产、26个国家历史文化名城名街名镇名村，以及271个中国传统村落。来黄山旅游，还可游览这些周边景区：新安江山水画廊、翡翠谷、呈坎、宏村、西递、塔川、黎阳IN巷、屯溪老街等。一边是旧时的古朴，一边是现代的繁华；那流经新安江的江水，经年累月于天地间循环往复，既是宏村月沼里映照着明月的塘水，也是慰藉天下徽州人的那一杯太平猴魁茶汤。
The City of Huangshan is home to two UNESCO world cultural heritage sites (Huangshan Mountain and the ancient village Hongcun), eight 5A scenic spots, and 49 national cultural relics protection sites. It also boasts 24 national intangible cultural heritage sites, 26 national historical and cultural spots, and 271 traditional Chinese villages. From Huangshan Mountain, you can travel to Xin’an River, Emerald Valley, Chengkan, Hongcun, Xidi, Tachuan, Liyang IN Lane, and Tunxi Old Street. At these places, you will feel the nice contrast between the ancient and the modern. The Xin’an River, which flows past Huizhou since hundreds of years ago, not only provides fresh water to the Moon Pond in Hongcun, but also is the finest water to brew Taiping Houkui, the favorite tea of Huizhou people.
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作者：孙婷 Sun Ting
翻译：李睿 Li Rui
供图：高斌、杜兆军、陆开蒂、王永新、胡磊、陈晓明、周冰
美术编辑：张鑫（实习）
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