双语 | 颠覆！秦兵马俑是在古希腊建筑师指导下完成？

Word天！世界八大奇迹之一的“秦始皇兵马俑”竟然是在古希腊雕塑家的指导下建成的？！歪果专家甚至找来了证据支持这一推测？！

港真，译世界小编看到这个消息时也吓了一跳，太颠覆认知！不过人家BBC还说得有理有据的，不信你看↓

China's famed Terra Cotta Army may have been designed with a little help and guidance from some surprising guests: The Ancient Greeks.

中国著名的秦兵马俑可能由一些外来稀客帮忙设计并加以指导——古希腊人。

That’s according to a new theory that was aired on BBC Two last Sunday that speculates that Ancient Greek artists could have made the trip to China 1,500 years before Marco Polo’s quest to the East. Those artists could have brought figurines over that influenced the construction of the famous warriors that guarded the tomb of the first emperor of China.

上周日（10月16日）BBC二套播出的纪录片公布了这一最新理论，推测古希腊艺术家可能比马可·波罗早1500年来到中国，并带来了雕刻工艺品，对建造守卫秦始皇陵的兵马俑产生影响。

Polo's 13th Century journey to China was the first to be well-documented. However, Chinese historians recorded much earlier visits by people thought by some to have been emissaries from the Roman Empire during the Second and Third Centuries AD.

13世纪马可·波罗的中国之旅是首次被详细记载的中西交流。然而，根据中国历史学家的记录，更早的中西交流可追溯到公元前二、三世纪，那时已有外人到访中国，他们被视作来自罗马帝国的使者。

"We now have evidence that close contact existed between the First Emperor's China and the West before the formal opening of the Silk Road. This is far earlier than we formerly thought," said Senior Archaeologist Li Xiuzhen, from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum Site Museum.

秦始皇帝陵博物院资深考古学家李秀珍说：“我们有证据表明在丝绸之路正式开通前，秦始皇时期的中国就已经和西方有密切交流，远早于我们此前的设想。”

There are two main pieces of evidence to support this theory. A separate study shows European-specific mitochondrial DNA has been found at sites from the third century BCE in China's western-most Xinjiang Province, suggesting that Westerners may have settled, lived and died there before and during the time of the First Emperor. The other is the discovery of bronze bird figurines that were made with an ancient wax technique used in Ancient Greece and Egypt.

有两个重要证据支持这种理论：一项单独的研究在位于新疆的公元前三世纪留下的遗迹中，发现了欧洲人特有的DNA，表明曾有西方人在秦始皇执政之前和在位期间来此定居、生活，并长眠于此。此外，还发现了铜制鸟类雕像，其所采用的古法上蜡技术源于古希腊和古埃及。

The 8,000 terracotta figures weren’t discovered until 1974 when farmers came across the figures less than a mile from China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. At the time that the figurines were suspected of having been built, China didn’t have a tradition of building life-sized statues. They generally only made small figures that were about 7.9 inches or so.

1974年有农民在距秦始皇陵不到一英里处偶然发现了这8000个兵马俑，至此兵马俑才为世人所知。当时人们甚至怀疑这些雕像是否由中国所造，因为中国并没有制作真人尺寸雕像的先例，早期雕像的高度不过7.9英尺（20厘米）左右。

BBC考察小组

To explain how such an enormous change in skill and style could have happened, Dr Xiuzhen believes that influences must have come from outside China. "We now think the Terracotta Army, the Acrobats and the bronze sculptures found on site have been inspired by ancient Greek sculptures and art," she said.

李秀珍用外来影响解释这种技术和风格上的巨大转变。她说：“我们认为，秦兵马俑、杂技陶俑和秦始皇陵中发现的铜像灵感来自古希腊雕塑和艺术。”

Prof Lukas Nickel from the University of Vienna says statues of circus acrobats recently found at the First Emperor's tomb support this theory. He believes the First Emperor was influenced by the arrival of Greek statues in Central Asia in the century following Alexander the Great, who died in 323BC. "I imagine that a Greek sculptor may have been at the site to train the locals," he said.

维也纳大学的卢卡斯·尼克尔教授认为，秦始皇陵中新发现的马戏杂技陶俑可以支持这个理论。他认为，亚历山大大帝于公元前323年去世，此后的一个世纪里希腊雕像流入中亚，对秦始皇产生影响。他说：“我猜想或许有一个希腊雕塑家在现场指导中国工匠制作兵马俑。”

卢卡斯·尼克尔教授

不过……

BBC报道中提到的秦始皇帝陵博物院资深考古学家李秀珍，旋即表示，这是误会！她说，BBC报道出来后，觉得自己被“黑”了。

李秀珍

她接受财新采访时说：她的观点被断章取义，还被和持相反观点的专家的言论拼接在了一起。

她说，接受BBC纪录片采访时，她虽然承认兵马俑或受西方文化启发，但主要强调了兵马俑具有十分强烈的中国文化底蕴，是独一无二的中国制造。而所谓的古希腊雕塑家到秦朝培训中国工匠只存在于想象中，“没有一点证据”。

她进一步强调说，“我是做考古的，要讲证据，我研究了秦俑背后刻着的工匠的名字，没有一个希腊文，全都是秦本土的工匠。”

So，你怎么看BBC对兵马俑的报道？

信息来源：BBC News、International Business Times、财新网报道

编译：阿狸

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