双语 | 获诺奖的鲍勃•迪伦是剽窃者？哪些人在挺他，哪些人在愤慨
On Thursday, the Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." The response has ranged from disbelief to delight, with some saying that giving the prize to Dylan is a farcical screw-up, and others arguing that no artist could be more deserving.
10月13日，瑞典学院将诺贝尔文学奖颁给美国歌手兼音乐制作人鲍勃·迪伦，获奖理由是，"其用美国传统歌曲创造了新的诗意表达”。这个消息使得几家欢喜几家愁，有人说把奖颁给迪伦简直是荒诞不经，也有人说没人能比他更配得这个奖了。
This is easily the most controversial award since they gave it to the guy who wrote Lord of the Flies, which was controversial only because it came next after the immensely popular 1982 prize for Gabriel García Márquez. Nobody can read the minds of the Nobel committee – it's not that kind of award. You can't argue that Dylan jumped the line in front of more deserving candidates, because there's no internal logic to the process.
自小说《蝇王》的作者获诺奖以来，本次诺贝尔文学奖是最受争议的一次。而当年《蝇王》作者备受争议的原因，仅仅是因为他紧随1982年大作家加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯之后获奖。谁也摸不清诺贝尔委员会的套路——要能摸得清的话就不是诺贝尔奖的风格了。你不能说迪伦在更值得获奖的候选人前面插队了，因为这与评奖并没有内在联系。
Among the musical, literary and even academic communities, respected figures expressed their delight at Dylan’s Nobel prize. The author Salman Rushdie told the Guardian he was delighted with Dylan’s win and said his lyrics had been “an inspiration to me all my life ever since I first heard a Dylan album at school”.
许多音乐界、文学界、甚至是学术界的大人物都纷纷对迪伦获奖表示祝贺。作家萨尔曼·拉什迪对迪伦获奖感到很高兴，并称赞“自打我第一次在学校听到迪伦的专辑以来，他的歌词就一直鼓舞着我的生活。”
作家萨尔曼·拉什迪
The Swedish Academy's permanent secretary, Sara Danius, said Dylan, 75, "is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition." She drew parallels between his work and that of ancient Greek poets. "If you look back, far back, 2,500 years or so, you discover Homer and Sappho and they wrote poetic texts that were meant to be listened to, that were meant to be performed, often with instruments -- and it's the same way with Bob Dylan," she said.
瑞典学院常任秘书萨拉·达尼乌斯称75岁的迪伦“在英语会话传统中是一位伟大的诗人。”她在迪伦的作品和古希腊诗歌之间找到了相似之处。“如果你往前回看大约2500年，你会发现荷马（译者注：公元前9世纪前后的希腊盲诗人）和莎孚（译者注：古代希腊的女诗人）那些诗人所写的诗文都是用来听的，也就是说通过表演，常常是通过乐器来表现出来的——而鲍勃·迪伦也采用了这种方式。”
瑞典学院常任秘书萨拉·达尼乌斯
Prof Seamus Perry, chair of the English faculty at Oxford University, compared Dylan’s talent to that of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson, calling the songwriter “representative and yet wholly individual, humane, angry, funny and tender by turn; really, wholly himself, one of the greats”.
牛津大学英语学院讲座教授谢默斯·佩里将迪伦的才华与阿尔弗雷德·罗德·丁尼生的诗相媲美，他评价音乐家迪伦“典型却不失独特、亲切、愤怒、滑稽和柔软；真的完全做自己，他是一个大师。”
牛津大学英语学院讲座教授谢默斯·佩里
The former poet laureate Andrew Motion said the prize was “a wonderful acknowledgement of Dylan’s genius. For 50 and some years he has bent, coaxed, teased and persuaded words into lyric and narrative shapes that are at once extraordinary and inevitable.”
桂冠诗人安德鲁·姆辛称此次获奖是“对迪伦才华的莫大认可。50多年来，他倾其所能，把文字组合成了抒情与叙事体，这是一种很特别的手法。”
诗人安德鲁·姆辛
Author Joyce Carol Oates said there should be no question about Dylan’s work being considered literature, praising the academy’s “inspired and original choice”. “His haunting music and lyrics have always seemed, in the deepest sense, literary,” she said.
作家乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨称，毋庸置疑迪伦的作品属于文学范畴，他称赞瑞典学院做出了“明智而独具匠心的选择”。她说“他余音绕梁的音乐和词曲深深地承载着文采。”
作家乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨
But others called the academy’s decision misguided and questioned whether songwriting, however brilliant, rises to the level of literature.
但也有人认为瑞典学院的此项决定是一种误导，让人质疑是否优秀的歌曲创作能够提升到文学层次。
“Bob Dylan winning a Nobel in Literature is like Mrs Fields being awarded 3 Michelin stars,” the novelist Rabih Alameddine wrote on Twitter. “This is almost as silly as Winston Churchill.”
“鲍勃迪伦获诺贝尔文学奖就像菲尔斯太太曲奇饼店能获得米其林3星一样滑稽，”作家拉比·阿拉米丁在Twitter上发文表示。“这就像温斯顿·丘吉尔获诺贝尔文学奖一样荒诞。”
作家拉比·阿拉米丁
Jodi Picoult, a best-selling novelist, snarkily asked, “I’m happy for Bob Dylan, But Does This Mean I Can Win A Grammy?”
畅销作家朱迪·皮考特尖锐地批评道，“我很高兴鲍勃·迪伦能获奖，但这是否意味着我也能获得格莱美奖？”
作家朱迪·皮考特
Scottish novelist Irvine Welsh reacted angrily to the awarding of the Nobel Prize for literature to Bob Dylan, embarking on a series of exchanges on Twitter. “If you’re a ‘music’ fan, look it up in the dictionary. Then ‘literature’. Then compare and contrast.”
苏格兰作家欧文·威尔士对鲍勃·迪伦获奖表达了愤慨，在Twitter上发起了炮轰。“如果你是音乐迷，查查‘音乐’在字典里是什么意思，再查查‘文学’是什么意思，然后再把它们对比一下。”
作家欧文·威尔士
His omnivorous habit of absorbing information and recasting it in lyrics has led to accusations of copyism. “Bob is not authentic at all,” his 1960s contemporary Joni Mitchell complained in 2010. “He’s a plagiarist and his name and voice are fake. Everything about Bob is a deception.”
鲍勃·迪伦无所不含地将各种信息糅杂成词曲导致了人们谴责其抄袭。“鲍勃名不副实，”2010年，与他同出身于60年代的琼妮·米切尔说。“他是个剽窃者，他的名字和声音都是假的。他的一切都是骗术。”
音乐家琼妮·米切尔
L’Osservatore Romano said the Nobel committee certainly recognized Dylan’s “great talent.” But it said many of the artists inspired by Dylan’s beautiful songs subsequently wrote “truly boring” lyrics. And it said the Nobel decision certainly “must not have pleased real writers, such as potential winners Don De Lillo, Philip Roth or Haruki Murakami, who know the enormous work that goes into writing a novel.”
《罗马观察报》（L’Osservatore Romano）发文指出，虽然诺奖委员会确实肯定了迪伦的“卓越才华”，但很多艺术家受到迪伦优美歌曲的启发，步其后尘，结果写出了一堆“无聊透顶”的歌词。不仅如此，诺奖委员会的决定“让真正的作家颇为不爽，比如夺奖热门作家堂•德里罗、菲利普•罗斯和村上春树，他们深谙创作一部小说所付出的巨大努力”。
罗马观察报
Dylan is the first American to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Last year’s award was given to Svetlana Alexievich, the Belarusian writer.
自1993年托妮·莫里森获得诺贝尔文学奖以来，迪伦是第一位获此殊荣的美国人。去年的奖项颁给了白俄罗斯作家斯维特拉娜·阿列克谢耶维奇。
英文来源：The Guardian, New Republic, CNN, The New York Times, Rolling Stone, Financial Times
编译：Janet
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