热点 | 美联储加息了，不管做不做翻译都该了解这些

北京时间12月15日凌晨，美联储宣布加息25个基点，即从0.25%到0.5%的水平，上调到0.5%到0.75%的水平。与2015年一样，美联储再次在年内最后一次会议上加息，这是一年来美联储第一次加息，也是10年来第二次加息。

为什么大洋彼岸美联储的加息会让全世界神经紧绷？此次加息将对中国经济产生哪些影响？和我们的实际生活又会产生什么联系？今天，译世界就来给大家科普下~~同时，还可以趁机学习一下金融类英文的地道表达~

美联储主席 耶伦

首先，一起来了解下美联储的加息声明↓

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in November indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and that economic activity has been expanding at a moderate pace since mid-year. Job gains have been solid in recent months and the unemployment rate has declined. Household spending has been rising moderately but business fixed investment has remained soft. Inflation has increased since earlier this year but is still below the Committee's 2 percent longer-run objective, partly reflecting earlier declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation have moved up considerably but still are low; most survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance, in recent months.

11月会议以来，美国联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）得到的信息显示，劳动力市场持续表现强劲，经济活动自年中以来以温和速度扩张，近几个月里就业稳健增长，失业率已经下滑。家庭支出一直稳步增长，但企业固定投资仍然疲软。通胀自今年初以来上升，但仍低于委员会2%的长期目标水平，部分反映了早些时候的能源价格以及非能源进口价格的下降。基于市场的通胀指标已经显著上升但仍保持低位，大部分基于调查的较长期通胀预期在近几个月总体而言变化不大。

地道表达

中文：就业稳健增长

英文：job gains have been solid

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will strengthen somewhat further. Inflation is expected to rise to 2 percent over the medium term as the transitory effects of past declines in energy and import prices dissipate and the labor market strengthens further. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced. The Committee continues to closely monitor inflation indicators and global economic and financial developments.

与美联储法定职责相一致，FOMC委员会旨在促进就业水平最大化和价格稳定。委员会预计，随着货币政策的逐步调整，经济活动将温和扩张，劳动力市场指标将进一步加强。随着过去能源及进口价格的下降等暂时性因素消退，以及劳动力市场的进一步加强，预计中期通胀将上升至2%的水平。经济前景面临的近期风险表现得大致平衡。委员会继续密切关注通胀指标，以及全球经济和金融形势。

地道表达

中文：促进就业水平最大化和价格稳定

英文：foster maximum employment and price stability

In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting some further strengthening in labor market conditions and a return to 2 percent inflation.

基于劳动力市场状况和通胀的当前表现以及未来预期，委员会决定将联邦基金利率的目标区间增加至0.5%-0.75%。货币政策的立场仍然保持宽松，从而支持劳动力市场状况的进一步加强，以及通胀重新回归2%。

地道表达

中文：基于；考虑到

英文：in view of

In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. In light of the current shortfall of inflation from 2 percent, the Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected progress toward its inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

至于未来联邦基金利率目标区间调整的时间和规模，委员会将评估实际与预期的经济条件相对于就业最大化和2%的通胀目标的情况。委员会在评估过程中，将考虑各种信息，包括劳动力市场状况指标、通胀压力和通胀预期指标、金融和国际市场发展的数据等。鉴于目前通胀率与2%的差距，委员会将密切关注，实际和预期的通胀进展。委员会预计，经济状况将以保证利率仅渐进式提高的方式发展，在一段时间内，联邦基金利率可能保持在低于预期的长期利率的水平。然而，联邦基金利率的实际路径将取决于未来数据显示的经济前景。

地道表达

中文：鉴于

英文：in light of

中文：长期

英文：in the longer run

The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction, and it anticipates doing so until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. This policy, by keeping the Committee's holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions.

委员会将维持现有政策，即对美联储所持机构债券、机构抵押担保证券（MBS）的本金偿还款进行再投资，并对拍卖的即将到期国债进行延期。委员会预计，会维持该政策直至联邦基金利率水平的正常化取得顺利进展。该政策下，委员会将持有大量长期证券，有助于维持市场宽松的金融环境。

地道表达

中文：取得顺利进展

英文：be well under way

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; James Bullard; Stanley Fischer; Esther L. George; Loretta J. Mester; Jerome H. Powell; Eric Rosengren; and Daniel K. Tarullo.

FOMC货币政策会议中投票赞成的包括：主席耶伦；副主席杜德利；Lael Brainard、James Bullard、Stanley Fischer、Esther L. George、Loretta J. Mester、Jerome H. Powell、Eric Rosengren和Daniel K. Tarullo。

根据声明中提到的那些行业术语与地道表达，我们还整理出了这份Vocabulary，专业金融词汇赶紧get下↓

Federal Open Market Committee（FOMC） 美国联邦公开市场委员会

solid job gains 就业稳健增长

maximum employment 就业最大化

unemployment rate 失业率

household spending 家庭支出

business fixed investment 企业固定投资

inflation 通货膨胀

deflation 通货紧缩

inflation compensation 通胀补偿

inflation indicator 通胀指标

inflation pressure 通胀压力

inflation-indexed securities 通胀指数证券

inflation expectation 通胀预期

near-term risk 近期风险

federal funds rate 联邦基金利率

inter-bank offered rates 银行间同业拆借利率

target range 目标区间

accommodative monetary policy 宽松的货币政策

principal payment 本金偿还款

agency debt 机构债券

mortgage-backed securities（MBS） 抵押担保债券

roll over 延缓付款

那么，问题来了，美联储加息到底与各位小伙伴有啥关系？表急，这张图讲得很清楚↓

图片来源：一财网

如果你坚持看完了这张图，那么恭喜你，对于美联储加息及其带来的影响，你应该有了比较清晰的概念了~~

嫌图太长没坚持看完的盆友也表烦躁，这里还有一个超级迷你可爱的短视频助你了解美联储加息↓

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=d0332r4a3bw
请注意视频2分25秒的总结——总体来说，美联储加息对于国内大部分的老百姓来说影响可能不是特别大……

不过对于翻译圈的小伙伴还是很有意义滴，比如是了解美国金融与金融类英文表达的好机会！听说转发到盆友圈和大家一起学习更快乐哟！比心❤❤❤

英文来源：美联储官网

译文来源：瞭望周刊（有调整）

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