双语 | “范雨素”刷屏，她背后的农民工群体呢？

“我的生命是一本不忍卒读的书，命运把我装订得极为拙劣。”

这是《我是范雨素》一文的开头，而这篇文章如今在朋友圈火得一塌糊涂。【文章原文请点击左下角“阅读原文”】

范雨素是谁？她来自湖北农村，今年44岁，念完初一就辍学、如今在北京做育儿嫂。简单点儿说，她是在大城市为生计奔波的农民工。

▲范雨素

《我是范雨素》用朴实无华的语言，将她的故事带到人们的视线中。有评论说，这个平凡的“小人物”，却有冷静的思考和浪漫的想象，活出了自己的精彩，惊艳到无数人。

那么，作为农民工的范雨素，她背后是个怎样的群体？在眼下这个波澜壮阔的时代背景下，这个群体的命运又经历着怎样的浮沉变迁呢？了解了这个背景，或许能更感受到范雨素的不寻常。

在此，我们选摘了魁北克大学、奥弗涅大学、华南农业大学《改革开放以来中国农民工流动的纵向与空间分析》的部分研究内容，并结合其他中外媒体的公开报道，为大家简单勾勒了这一群体的生存现状。

农民工的产生

In China, crowds of rural migrants have flowed to big cities for more chances. But decades of economic growth have created both great wealth and great disparity.

在中国，农村移民大军涌入大城市寻找更多机会，但几十年的经济发展在创造巨大财富的同时，也导致了明显的分化。

The flow of rural migrantsto the urban areas aresymbolized by the appearance of “the urban under-class”.

从农村涌入城市的移民被贴上了“城市底层”的标签。

Most migrant workers can't become official residents of the city they work in. And once the work contract ends, they must return home.Once in the city, unskilled rural-to-urban migrantshave to start their job search in the informal labor market as temporary residents.

大部分农民工无法成为所在城市的正式居民，一旦工作合同终止，他们就得返乡。来到城市之后，缺乏技能的农村移民只能以临时居民的身份开始在非正规劳务市场找工作。

▲排名前五的农民工就业领域（2015）

▲被拖欠工资的农民工人数（2009-2015）

“留守儿童”受到关注

Most migrant workers leave their kids at home.The low incomes and poor housing conditions of migrant workers also make it all but impossible for children to accompany their parents to the cities.

大多数农民工把孩子留在家中。低收入和艰苦的居住条件也无法满足农民工子女进城陪伴父母的需求。

The Chinese government realizes the problem. In February 2016, the State Council, China’s cabinet, issued a guideline to local authorities to improve the physical and psychological health of such children.Beijing also requested rural officials to keep track of left-behind children by setting up files, visiting them at home and making sure their parents talk to them via phone or video chat.

中国政府已经意识到这一问题。去年2月，国务院向各地政府部门发布指导意见，要求提高留守儿童的身心健康。政府还要求农村干部时刻关注留守儿童，建立档案，进行家访，确保家长通过电话或视频等方式与孩子沟通。

回乡创业或成新希冀

Today, more rural migrants to cities are avoiding travel and homesickness to make money at home.

如今，越来越多的农民工不再忍受漂泊和乡愁，开始返乡赚钱。

The central government released a set of guidelines to encourage rural residents to pursue entrepreneurship and innovation.

中央政府发布了一系列指导方针来鼓励农村人口创业创新。

According to a State Council document, the government will roll out policies to encourage migrant workers to start businesses in rural areas to help economic development there.

根据国务院文件，政府将推出一系列政策以鼓励农民工在农村地区创业，帮助当地发展经济。

Returned migrant workers are expected to inject new energy into the rural economy by introducing modern technology, systems and management skills. Still, many challenges need to be overcome in order for migrant workers to return home, stay and thrive.

返乡农民工将通过引入现代技术、制度和管理技能为农村经济注入新的活力。不过，为了让农民工返回家乡、留在家乡、帮助家乡繁荣发展，仍有许多挑战需要克服。

"Costs and risks may soar, considering the underdeveloped infrastructure, and the lack of supporting policies and capable employees in rural areas," said Cui Chuanyi, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council.

国务院发展研究中心研究员崔传义指出：“由于基础设施不够完善，以及农村地区缺乏配套政策和精干人员，成本和风险可能会激增。”

Cui said the newly released guidelines emphasize equality and support by rolling out measures such as easing market access, improving rural financial services, increasing fiscal support, providing training in entrepreneurship and innovation and perfecting the social safety net.

崔传义表示，新发布的指导方针强调了平等和支持，并通过出台一系列政策体现出来，如放宽市场准入、改善农村金融服务、增加财政支持、提供创业和创新培训以及完善社会安全网等。

最后，当遇到农民工问题的翻译时，请get下这些译词吧： 

农民工  migrant worker

“三农”问题  issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area
户口簿  household register / residence booklet
户口  hukou / registered permanent residence
留守儿童  left-behind children
拖欠工资  wage arrears
讨薪  get back wages
劳务派遣  labor dispatching
劳务市场  labor market
劳务合同  work contract
平等就业  equal employment
培训补贴  training subsidies
市场准入  market access
财政支持  fiscal support
社会安全网  social safety net

英文来源：《改革开放以来中国农民工流动的纵向与空间分析》报告、CNN、中国日报、中新网等

编译：阿狸、YOYO

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