四六级翻译考点预测（二）| 名胜古迹

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长城

长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一，1987年被列为联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产。1 它宛如一条巨龙， 蜿蜒曲折， 穿越草地、沙漠和高山， 自西向东绵延8,851.8公里（明长城）。2 经过两千多年的沧桑，长城部分城墙已经被毁或湮灭。3 但是，由于它建筑雄伟，历史悠久，长城现今依然是世界上最具吸引力的景点之一。长城始建于春秋战国时期的燕、赵、秦等国，作为防御工事。秦始皇将各段城墙连接起来，抵御北方部落的侵袭。4 从那时起，长城就成为中华民族的一道丰碑，此后历朝历代都在不断扩建和修缮。5 今天我们看到的长城主要建于明代。长城承载着丰富的中国文化，体现了中国人民的智慧和顽强。长城与黄河、长江一起，成为了中华民族的象征。

The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. Like a giant dragon, the Great Wall winds its way across grasslands, deserts and mountains, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometers (the Ming walls) from west to east of China. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. The Great Wall was originally built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as a defensive project by states including Yan, Zhao, and Qin. Emperor Qinshihuang, founder of the first unified empire in Chinese history, succeeded in his effort to have the walls joined together to fend off the invasions from tribes in the north. Since then, the Great Wall has served as a monument of the Chinese nation. It went through constant extensions and repairs in later dynasties. The Great Wall we see today was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture and demonstrates the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people. It has become a symbol of the Chinese nation along with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

翻译简析

1 原文对主语“长城”的说明包含两个部分，其中前者为次要信息，后者为主要信息。因此在翻译时没有将二者译为并列成分，而是将前者译为同位语。 

2 本句在结构上与第一句相仿，译文重点突出长城的“蜿蜒曲折”，译为句子的核心winds its way，其他内容则译为状语。原文的动词“穿越”译为介词across，这种词类转换在翻译中比较常见。

3 “两千多年的沧桑”主要指长城历史悠久，因而译作a history of more than 2,000 years。汉语中有些词意蕴丰富，难以紧扣字面意思译成英文，翻译过程中应重点挖掘其背后信息，重在达意，不宜过分追求词藻，舍本逐末。

4 本句中的“秦始皇”，译文先用音译，然后用一个同位语作说明，便于外国读者理解其背后的文化信息。

5 原文虽是一句，但有两层意思，所以分译成两句。

故宫

故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫。1 故宫首建于明成祖年间，历时14 年竣工。2 没有皇帝特许，禁止任何人进宫，因此这里又叫“紫禁城”。故宫外观呈长方形，是世界上最大的宫殿群，占地约72万平方米，四面环绕着52米宽的护城河和10 米高的城墙。3 城墙四面各有一座城门，南北门相距961米， 东西门相隔753米。4 故宫分为两部分。南部又称外朝，是皇帝行使最高权力的地方；北部又称内廷，是皇帝和皇室生活的场所。5 由于黄色是皇族的标志，故宫内以黄色为主。6 屋顶铺的是黄色琉璃瓦， 宫里的装饰品也被漆成黄色。 但是有一个例外，皇帝的书斋文渊阁是黑顶，原因是当时人们认为黑色代表水，可以灭火。7 故宫用作皇宫约有五百年历史，藏有大量奇珍古玩。8 1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。现在，故宫已成为全世界最受欢迎的景点之一，对国内外游客开放。

Lying at the center of Beijing, the Palace Museum was the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was built during the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, taking 14 years to complete. It was forbidden to enter without special permission of the emperor. Hence it is also named the Forbidden City. Rectangular in shape, the Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace complex, covering an area of some 720,000 square meters, surrounded by a 52-meter-wide moat and 10-meter-high walls. The walls have a gate on each side. The distance between the south and north gates is 961 meters, while the distance between the east and west gates is 753 meters. The Palace Museum is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court, was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section, or the Inner Court, was where the emperor lived with his royal family. Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Palace Museum. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles, and decorations in the palace are also painted yellow. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water and could extinguish fire. Having been the imperial palace for some 500 years, the Palace Museum houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. In 1987, the Palace Museum was listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions worldwide, open to tourists from home and abroad.

翻译简析

1 将故宫的地理位置译为状语，符合英文表达习惯。“位于北京市中心”也可以译为 Located in the center of Beijing或Situated at the center of Beijing。 

2 “明成祖年间”意即明成祖在位期间，故译作during the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty。遇到类似表达，可以套用。如“清康熙年间”可译为during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty。

3 本句信息较多，原文结构较为松散，译文将“是世界上最大的宫殿群”作为主句，其他信息分别译为形容词短语或分词结构，自然紧凑。

4 本句用了分译法，使译文表意更清晰。

5 “又称”这里译作or，表达的意思比译为also called 更简洁。

6 本句重点讲故宫的颜色，所以译文以黄色为中心组织句子，译法灵活。“以黄色为主”， 意即黄色是故宫的主色调，故译作it is the dominant color。

7 原文中“皇帝的书斋”是“文渊阁”的同位语，译文中也处理为同位语。此外，本句分译为两句，以突出文渊阁的与众不同。

8 根据英语表达习惯，将表时间的概念译为分词结构，作状语。

兵马俑

兵马俑是20世纪最重大的考古发掘之一，1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。1 兵马俑位于西安临潼， 秦始皇陵以东约1.5公里。2 1974 年，一群农民在皇家陵墓附近挖井时挖掘出一些陶器碎片，立即引起了考古学家的注意，然后才有了兵马俑这一伟大发现。3 1975年，国务院授权有关部门建立兵马俑博物馆。4 栩栩如生的兵马俑排成作战的阵势，成为博物馆最大的亮点。5 博物馆分为三个部分： 1号坑、2号坑和3号坑， 按照发现先后命名。6 其中1号坑最大， 于1979年10月1日国庆节对公众开放。7 自2010 年10月1日，兵马俑博物馆和秦始皇陵合并成一个大景区，即秦始皇陵遗址公园。兵马俑是世界考古史上最伟大的发现之一，充分体现了中国古代人民的聪明才智和创造力。

The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, one of the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century, were listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. It is located about 1.5 kilometers east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Lintong, Xi’an. In 1974, a group of farmers unearthed some pottery fragments while digging a well nearby the royal tomb. It caught the immediate attention of archeologists and led to the great discovery of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. In 1975, the State Council authorized the building of the Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. The life-like Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses arranged in battle formations are the star features at the museum. The museum is divided into three sections: No. 1 Pit, No. 2 Pit, and No. 3 Pit. They were tagged in the order of their discoveries. No. 1 Pit is the largest, opened to the public on China’s National Day of 1979. Since October 1, 2010 the Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses and the Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum have been combined into one large attraction area, Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Park. The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, as one of the greatest archeological discoveries in the world, fully demonstrate the extraordinary wisdom and superb creativity of the ancient Chinese people.

翻译简析

1 本句译文把“20世纪最重大的考古发掘之一”作为主语的同位语，结构比较紧凑。

2 原文中地点信息的顺序为由大到小，由“西安”到“临潼”再到“秦始皇陵”，译文则相反，由小到大，这是汉译英的常用译法。

3 本句信息较多，英文采用了分译法，译为意思完整的两个句子，清晰明了。

4 本句中的“有关部门”无实质意义，翻译时可省略。

5 本句重点讲栩栩如生的兵马俑是博物馆最大的亮点，所以译文中把“排成作战的阵势” 译为定语arranged in battle formations，以使行文紧凑自然。

6 句中的“命名”，并不是真的起个名字，只是给个标签而已，所以译作were tagged， 比译为 were named更恰切。

7 本句也可译为No. 1 Pit, the largest of the three pits, was first opened to the public on China’s National Day of 1979。

以上内容整理自《大学英语文化翻译教程》。

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《大学英语文化翻译教程》以中国传统文化、中国现代社会经济发展及改革开放成就为主要内容，兼顾典型的西方社会文化现象，传授文化翻译技巧，加强英汉互译训练，帮助学生在学习文化知识的同时提升翻译能力，是备考四六级文化翻译的有效素材！

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