四六级听力训练（四） | 健康类学术讲座听力练习及备考干货
四六级备考
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四六级听力、翻译考前系列训练，
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积累听力、翻译考试要点！
今天小编为大家提供健康类学术讲座听力测试题，大家可以通过练习熟悉健康类学术讲座的语言特点、行文结构。
文末还有健康类学术讲座备考干货和模拟练习助你巩固拓展哦~
听力练习
健康类学术讲座：Global Health
点击音频开始练习
Listen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) It is very common in Africa.
B) It is a very common problem in Western countries.
C) It happens on women without too much exercise.
D) It happens in labor lasting hours.
2. A) Morocco.
B) Algeria.
C) South Africa.
D) Central African Republic.
3. A) The World Trade Center.
B) The World Health Organization.
C) Doctors Without Borders.
D) The World Bank.
点击空白处查看答案
▼
Keys：1.A 2.D 3.C
听力原文及健康类学术讲座语言特点
练习过后，让我们一起查漏补缺总结经验吧~首先来看听力原文：
A medical aid group says many pregnant African women suffer from complicated or prolonged labor. As a result, they’re forced to live with obstetric fistula, a condition that scars them physically, emotionally and socially. Doctors Without Borders is highlighting the problem as the world marks the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day on March 8.
Obstetric fistula is a problem rarely seen in Western countries, but it can be all too common in developing nations. It’s a hole between the vagina and bladder, which is caused when the baby’s head places too much pressure on the soft tissue in the pelvis. The blood supply to the tissue is cut off, causing it to die and leave a hole. It happens in labor lasting days, not hours.
Doctors Without Borders, also known as MSF, has fistula repair and treatment projects in Burundi, Chad, Nigeria, DRC, and Central African Republic, and estimates that two million women worldwide have fistulas, most of them in Africa.
Surgery to repair the damage during childbirth is complicated and requires great skill. It can take anywhere from a half hour to several hours, depending on the damage. Dr. Leker says obstetric fistula usually occurs among young women. But there are cases of women who have been living with the condition for 20 years. He says we may never know just how many poor women die from a lack of obstetric care.
The good news is that with proper medical care, fistula can be prevented. And with surgery, repaired. Prior to surgery, while women are at MSF clinics, they are told to drink a lot of clean water, usually something they avoid because of their incontinence. Once the fistula is repaired, recovery may take several weeks. Patients will probably need to use a catheter to urinate, so there isn’t much pressure on the surgical area.
However, women still may be incontinent after the surgery. Dr. Leker says that may disappear with rest or pelvic floor exercises. Sometimes the catheter will be left in for a few more weeks and in some cases more surgery may be needed.
An African proverb says, “The sun should not rise or set twice on a woman in labor.” Doctors Without Borders says the best way to ensure that is to improve medical care for the African.
问题：
1. What does the speaker say about obstetric fistula?
2. Which country has fistula repair and treatment projects?
3. What organization has fistula repaired and treatment project in Africa?
接下来，总结一下健康类学术讲座语言特点和考试注意事项吧！
1
主题广泛，常使用多个材料全方位举证
从内容范围来看，既包括疾病现状、新的治疗方法、重大的医学成果等，又包括健康医疗常识、健康生活方式、健康设备、仪器、技术的更新与发展，与大众生活息息相关。
从讲座材料来看，通过大量列举实证研究结果，既包括数据的呈现又有实验者反馈个人感受，阐述与健康相关的原理和机制。因此，在该类讲座中要重点留意每个信息点在材料中所出现的位置，如段落首句及末句等。
2
具有专业性、科学性、普适性等特点
健康类讲座必备专业主题基础知识、高频专业术语和专有名词。
医学、食品、化学等学科的专业表达
hypertension 高血压
autism 自闭症
dementia 痴呆症
neurons 神经元
intelligence 智力
vaccination 接种疫苗
ailment 小病
infectious diseases 传染病
musculoskeletal pain 肌肉骨骼痛
antiviral agent 抗病毒剂
caesarian section 剖宫产
herpessimplex virus 单纯性疱疹病毒
floor exercises 自由体操
disease control and prevention 疾病预防控制prolonged labor 产程延长
与健康主题相关的国际机构和组织的专有名词
World Health Organization 世界卫生组织，WHO
the International Association for the Study of Pain
国际疼痛学会，IASP
British Medical Journal 英国医学杂志，BMJ
Fox Chase Cancer Center 福克斯蔡斯癌症中心United States Agency for International Development美国国际开发署，USAID
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund 联合国儿童基金会，UNICEF
3
句式灵活多样，简单句和复杂句并用
根据受众不同，讲座的句型特点也大不相同。专业性较强的讲座，大都具有客观性和条理化的表达方式，对一种现象和事实的呈现往往体现出严谨和求实的态度。面向大众而进行的健康知识普及讲座，语言平实、通俗易懂，一般不倾向于采用冗长的句式。总体而言，其语言简洁、清晰，力图更为严谨地对该领域最新的知识点或前沿发现进行权威解读。
即学即练，学以致用，点击阅读原文进行更多健康类学术讲座听力模拟练习吧！
以上内容整理自《大学英语学术讲座听力教程》，欢迎选购本书获取更多学术讲座听力答题技巧及模拟习题。
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