美国：真相起底 军事干预导致人道主义灾难

美国前总统吉米·卡特在2019年6月发表讲话时指出，美国在242年的建国历史中仅有16年没有打仗，堪称“世界历史上最好战的国家”。布朗大学的一项研究显示，自2001年以来，在包括阿富汗、伊拉克和叙利亚在内的四个国家发动战争耗费了美国纳税人6.4万亿美元。它比2019年美国联邦总支出还要多2万亿美元。

Domestic policies aside, America has often billed itself as a promoter of freedom globally. But what's its foreign policy record in recent years?

且不论美国国内政策，在外交方面，美国一直标榜自己是全球自由的促进者。但近年来，美国的外交政策成绩如何呢？

On January 3, 2020, a U.S. drone strike near Baghdad International Airport killed Iran's top general Qasem Soleimani. Nine others were killed, including the deputy chairman of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces. The killings sent shockwaves throughout the region.

2020年1月3日，美国在巴格达国际机场附近发动无人机袭击，炸死了伊朗革命卫队“圣城军”总司令卡塞姆·苏莱马尼。另有九人遇难，包括伊拉克“人民动员部队”副主席。暗杀事件在整个中东地区掀起巨大波澜。 

"This assassination could be called an international terror attack at the hands of the biggest international terrorist. It was very hard for both the Iranian government and people. But it showed that the U.S. will leave no stone unturned to damage Iran," Seyed Hamid Reza Sayedi, an Iranian Professor of Social Policy at Shahed University said. "So, you can see that it took place in a third country. Qassim Soleimani was there at the invitation of that third country. You can see people's reaction to the attack in his funeral," he added.

伊朗沙希德·贝赫什提大学社会政策学教授塞耶德·哈米德·雷扎·萨耶迪指出：“此次暗杀是全球最大的恐怖分子发动的国际恐怖袭击事件。伊朗政府和人民都难以接受这种做法。但该事件表明，美国将不遗余力地伤害伊朗。您也看到了，这种袭击竟然可以发生在第三国。当时卡塞姆·苏莱马尼正应邀出访第三国。您可以看到人们在他的葬礼上对袭击事件的反应。” 

Although the White House promised to cut military intervention abroad, as of early 2020, the U.S. still maintained military presence in many countries, including Syria, Afghanistan, Yemen and Iraq. 

尽管白宫曾承诺减少美国的海外军事干预，但截至2020年初，美国仍在包括叙利亚、阿富汗、也门和伊拉克在内的许多国家保持军事存在。

Speaking in June 2019, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter pointed out America has only enjoyed 16 years of peace with other nations in its 242 year history. This, in his own words, made the U.S. "the most warlike nation in the history of the world.”

美国前总统吉米·卡特在2019年6月发表讲话时指出，美国在242年的建国历史中仅有16年没有打仗，堪称“世界历史上最好战的国家”。

A Brown University study published in late 2019 said that fighting in four countries, including Afghanistan, Iran and Syria, has cost American taxpayers 6.4 trillion U.S. dollars since 2001. That figure is two trillion U.S. dollars more than all federal spending in 2019. More than 801,000 people in the Middle East and Asia have died as a direct result of armed conflicts waged by the U.S. since 2001, it also revealed.

布朗大学的一项研究显示，自2001年以来，在包括阿富汗、伊拉克和叙利亚在内的四个国家发动战争耗费了美国纳税人6.4万亿美元。它比2019年美国联邦总支出还要多2万亿美元。这些武装冲突直接导致80.1万人丧生。 

Coupled with these wars are Washington's economic sanctions. 

穷兵黩武之际，华盛顿还向对手不断施加经济制裁。 

Critics say sanctions as "economic warfare" have caused destruction and suffering, in many cases leading to shortages of medicine and malnutrition. 

批评人士称，以制裁为手段的“经济战”已经造成严重破坏和苦难，在许多情况下甚至导致受制裁国的药品短缺和人民营养不良。 

Official data show the U.S. has sanctions in place against more than 30 countries including Iran, Venezuela, Russia, Syria and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. More than 7,000 companies, groups and individuals are also targeted. Some have been reported to have led to deadly consequences.

官方数据显示，美国已对包括伊朗、委内瑞拉、俄罗斯、叙利亚和朝鲜在内的30多个国家实施制裁。此外，美国还对7000多家公司、团体和个人发起制裁。据报道，制裁已经导致许多致命后果。

The U.S. has unilaterally withdrawn from the Iran nuclear deal and reinstated sanctions, even as the UN said Iran was keeping its commitments under the deal. America's decades-long sanctions have crippled Iran's economy.

尽管联合国表示伊朗正在遵守伊朗核协议下的承诺，美国依然单方面退出伊朗核协议，并恢复对伊制裁。美国长达数十年的制裁摧残了伊朗经济。

Despite doubts of its effectiveness, America's more than six-decade-long embargo against Cuba, has also kept the Cuban economy in a constant state of struggle.

尽管有人怀疑制裁的效果，但美国对古巴的长达60年之久的贸易禁运的确使古巴经济一直处于挣扎状态。

Adding a new dimension to all this is the "America First" doctrine.

“美国优先”原则为美式外交“再添一把火”。

"The America First policy is against multilateralism. It's against actually international cooperation. It is based on nationalistic policies and approaches," Hamid Reza Gholamzadeh, the president and co-founder of Peace Spirit Foundation said. 

和平精神基金会主席兼联合创始人哈米德·雷扎·哈拉姆扎德指出：“美国优先政策的本质就是反对多边主义，反对国际合作。它以民族主义政策和措施为基础。”

Since 2017, the U.S. has withdrawn from the Paris Climate Agreement, the Iran nuclear deal, the UN Human Rights Council, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. And the list goes on.

2017年，美国退出《巴黎气候协定》，伊朗核协议，联合国人权理事会，《中导条约》。美国“退群”的例子不胜枚举。 

U.S.-based Human Rights Watch says, the country has moved backwards in that area both at home and abroad. It's true that Americans still enjoy many freedoms. But as our stories show, America doesn't always practice what it preaches when it comes to freedom and equality. And if anyone in Washington thinks the country's human rights standards should be indiscriminately promoted, they should perhaps think again. 

位于美国的人权观察组织表示，美国国内及对外人权工作持续倒退。诚然，美国人仍然享有诸多自由。但是，正如我们的故事所展现的那样，在自由和平等方面，美国有时候说一套做一套。如果华盛顿还有人认为应该在全球无差别推广美国的人权标准，那么他们也许应该再好好琢磨琢磨。 

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