“全球疫情会诊室”:中国加纳医生、企业家交流防疫抗疫经验
5月4日晚,中央广播电视总台中国国际电视台(CGTN)的“全球疫情会诊室”节目举行了中国和加纳专场直播交流。来自两国的医生、企业家通过视频连线方式分享了防疫、抗疫经验。
中方嘉宾包括北京中医药大学东直门医院第二批援鄂中医医疗队领队叶永安教授,以及北京医院外科ICU副主任、第一批援鄂医疗队领队常志刚医生。加纳方面有来自首都阿克拉市雷克玛医院(Lekma Hospital)的传染病医生乔瑟夫•欧利佛•科梅(Joseph Oliver Commey),还有中国第九批援加纳医疗队的石永勇和张睿智两位医生和华人华侨代表。他们很珍惜这个与祖国的一线医生交流讨论的机会。
据加纳卫生部消息,截止当地时间5月4日,加纳累计确诊病例超过2700例,累计死亡病例18例。
In the latest episode of CGTN's live program "COVID-19 Frontline," doctors who have worked on the frontlines to contain the epidemic in China and Ghana exchanged their experiences of fighting the coronavirus.
According to Ghana's Ministry of Health, as of May 4, there have been over 2,700 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with 18 deaths. Across Africa, the total number of confirmed cases has exceeded 46,000, and the death toll tops 1,800.
核酸检测复阳是否意味着二次感染?
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北京演播室,邹韵主持“全球疫情会诊室”中国、加纳医学专家交流
在交流中,科梅医生问,在加纳有一些病人病程30多天,PCR测试仍然是阳性,他希望了解在中国是否出现过新冠肺炎患者康复之后再次感染入院的情况。
Joseph Oliver Commey, infectious disease physician at Lekma Hospital, who's also a member of Ghana National COVID-19 Case Management Team, said some recovered patients had tested positive again in PCR tests, while there were some asymptomatic patients whose PCR test results remained positive for 30 days. He wanted to know how to handle such patients.
常志刚医生回答说,中国确实有出院病人核酸检测复阳的情况出现,但比例非常低,只有不到0.1%。这一部分患者复阳并不一定意味着他们再次被感染,从技术上说,试剂敏感性,采样方法是否规范都会影响检测结果。另外很难区分触发核酸阳性的病毒是否失去活性。但他提到,也有可能是因为患者体内仍存在少量病毒,还未完全恢复。
Chang Zhigang, deputy director of the surgical ICU at Beijing Hospital, said both situations had also happened in China, but in very small numbers.
He said only less than 0.1 percent of recovered patients tested positive again in PCR tests, which is a complicated issue still under investigation in China. But the positive PCR test result does not necessarily mean they got secondary infection, since technical factors, such as the sensitivity of the reagent and how the swabs were taken, could explain the results. It might also indicate that a small amount of virus remained in the patient's body.
常医生说,目前中国也没有明确证据证明这一部分患者仍然有传染性,但也不排除这个可能性。因此新冠肺炎患者治愈出院之后,需要在隔离点继续进行14天医学观察,并重复进行核酸检测。
So far, there is no evidence that such patients are contagious, although the possibility could not be fully ruled out. In China, recovered patients who were discharged from the hospital still need to be quarantined in designated places for 14 days and get negative results in repeated PCR tests before they could be released, he noted.
As for asymptomatic patients, they should also be quarantined until their PCR tests results are negative, he said.
Dr. Commey also asked about how to mobilize potential virus carriers, like asymptomatic patients, to do home isolation.
Dr. Chang said public education is very important, as the key is to let people realize the fact that COVID-19 is much more infectious than other diseases and home isolation is a necessary method to help contain the spread of the virus. Centralized isolation is better than home quarantine, which China practiced in Wuhan City with temporary hospitals, he added.
愈后患者对新冠肺炎免疫吗?
中国医疗队的张睿智医生说,一些报告指出,新冠肺炎愈后患者的血清检测显示抗体浓度非常低,他希望了解这一部分病人是否已经具备免疫力,还有没有再次感染的风险。
医学专家通过视频连线方式分享抗疫防疫经验
常医生回答说,愈后患者是否可以免疫,是目前世界范围内仍在进行的一项研究,尚没有明确证据证明这一点。从医学角度来说,治愈患者产生了抗体,尤其是抗体IgG有明显增高,再次发生感染的可能性相对而言会小一些。
常医生补充说,除了抗体免疫,还有细胞免疫,康复患者是否会再次感染,虽然可能与抗体有关,也可能与病人的细胞免疫功能有关。
如何普及中医药在海外的使用?
同样在加纳进行支援的中国医生石永勇说,这次抗击疫情过程中,中医药取得了积极的效果,但在加纳,中医药基本用于华人患者,加纳当地民众使用仍然存在困难,石医生希望国内专家进一步解释一下中药在治疗新冠肺炎中的作用,以及是否能够推进中医药在海外的应用。
叶永安教授说,中医药用于轻型和普通型患者,有效阻止了轻症转重症的情况发生,而对重症和危重症患者的治疗中,需要进行中西医结合治疗,中医药可以防止重症患者转为危重症,协助插管病人脱机等,提高治愈率。
北京中医药大学东直门医院第二批援鄂中医医疗队领队叶永安教授在交流中回答问题
叶教授说,扩大中医药在海外的应用,需要民众、医务人员和政府机构等多方努力。通过一些必要的科普宣传,让民众了解中医药;通过政府层面的交流,完善法律法规方面的对接;通过医务人员之间的沟通和交流,让国外的医生进一步认识到中医药的作用,都是推动中医药海外应用必不可少的过程。
中医药怎么用于预防新冠肺炎?
华人企业家王吉刚很关心企业的疫情防控。他问,在天气湿热的加纳,中医药是否有方剂可以预防新冠肺炎。
叶教授回答,中医讲究阴阳平衡,从现代医学角度说,就是保持良好的免疫功能状态。如果存在湿热过重的情况,可以适当用一些清湿热的药物,以保证这种平衡。但他并不主张盲目吃药。叶教授说,保持生活规律,按时起居,是保证免疫力的一个重要法则。
他还建议健康民众通过食疗的方法来调节自己的生活,例如一些清湿热的饮品和食物,如凉茶和薏米仁等。相比药物作用,饮食调理更适合身体健康的普通民众。
在近80分钟的直播中,医学专家们还回答了来自中外网友的提问,如,患者康复之后是否有后遗症,日常生活室内室外如何防护等,专家们也一一作答。节目最后,中方专家们希望加纳能够采取强有力的措施,及早控制疫情蔓延;并祝福加纳人民、华人华侨平安顺利战胜这次疫情。