“全球疫情会诊室”：中国白衣天使与美、南非同行交流护理经验

5月8日，中央广播电视总台中国国际电视台（CGTN）的特别节目“全球疫情会诊室”举办护士专场，来自北京朝阳医院援鄂医疗队的护士们与美国、南非的医护人员分享对新冠肺炎患者的护理经验，在5月12日国际护士节即将到来之际，以实际行动对全球范围内仍然奋战在抗击新冠肺炎一线的同行们表示支持。

After a 65-day hard battle against coronavirus in Wuhan, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital's medical team returned to the Chinese capital on April 14. In the latest episode of the livestream program "COVID-19 Frontline" held on May 8, CGTN invited nurses from the medical team to share their firsthand experience of nursing COVID-19 patients with their counterparts from the United States and South Africa.

截至当日，美国累计新冠肺炎确诊病例达到132万，死亡人数超过78000；南非确诊病例超过8800例，死亡178例。

As of today, the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States has reached 1.32 million, with more than 78,000 deaths. More than 8,800 cases have been confirmed in South Africa, with 178 deaths.

中外医护团队在节目中交流经验

医护人员如何克服心理上的恐惧？

How to deal with fear when working on the frontline?

简妮·弗林（Janine Flinn）是一名来自美国约翰·霍普金斯医院的护士培训师。她说，美国医护人员现在面临的一个挑战是对新冠病毒的恐惧心理，主要是由于疫情的不确定性和相关经验不足导致的，她想知道中国同行们在照顾新冠病人时是否也有恐惧心理，又是如何克服的。

朝阳医院援鄂医疗队护士长刘小娟介绍说，她们刚到武汉照顾重病患者的时候，担心和焦虑都是有的，有的护士害怕被感染，有的则担心远在北京的家人是否会被感染，有的人甚至会紧张到失眠。她指出，恐惧和担心主要是出于早期对这种疾病不是很了解，但是随着对疾病的逐渐认识，尤其是看到很多病人康复出院，她们受到极大的鼓舞，增强了信心，也消除了很多顾虑。

她介绍，她们这个团队是由北京市卫健委组织的北京市援鄂医疗队，共有13家医院组成，随队有两名来自北京安定医院的心理科医生，他们会和队员们沟通，了解大家的心理状况，还会带着她们做一些放松的文体活动，如跳舞、打羽毛球、跳绳等，能够缓解护士们紧张的心情。

 北京朝阳医院的护士们在节目中分享经验

她特别提到，3月8日妇女节的时候，虽然她们在驻地不能外出，但是大家利用现有条件，每个人都化了妆，手拿玫瑰花，用白色的窗帘做背景，拍了美美的照片，还把这些照片换成了自己的微信头像，通过这样一个简单的活动来放松心情。

另外她介绍，严格的防护措施对医护人员放松心情也是至关重要的。“我跟我们的队员们强调，如果按照国家的防护流程去做的话，完全能够做到很好的防护，心情就能放松下来，没有必要担心。而且放松心情也会增加抵抗力，减少感染的机会，” 她说。

“万一我们被感染了，我们相信国家和我们医院一定会给我们很好的治疗，所以也会让队员们把心情放松下来，踏踏实实地去工作，” 她补充道。

此外她说，护士长也要经常和队员们进行沟通，发现她们的内心变化，以便及时缓解她们的紧张心情。

Janine Jade Borromeo Flinn, nurse educator of Johns Hopkins Hospital, asked about the emotional response Chinese nurses had when they first learned that they were going to take care of COVID-19 patients.

Liu Xiaojuan, head nurse of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital's medical team to Wuhan, said most patients they were taking care of back in Wuhan were in critical or even severe conditions. So, many nurses did encounter some psychological problems when they arrived. Some of the nurses feared they might get infected in Wuhan, some of them worried about their family members in Beijing, and some got so anxious that they couldn't fall asleep. But the medical team had two psychologists who provided tips to help the nurses stay clearheaded.

Liu said the head nurse should also pay attention to the emotional changes of the team members and make use of the existing conditions to reduce their anxiety such as by doing some recreational activities including dancing, playing badminton, jumping rope and so on.

In addition, nurses were told that as long as they followed the right protection procedures, they would be fine. Stress weakens the immune system while relaxation strengthens health. If anyone got infected, the hospital would take care of them. Besides, they also talked with their family by video, which made them less worried as well.

"We had fears over unknown and uncertain things. But as we gradually got to know more about the disease and we saw our patients were recovering and discharged, we had less fears and more confidence," Li Qianqian, nursing educator of Emergency Care Unit of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, added.

主持人邹韵在“全球疫情会诊室”北京演播室

如何帮助护士适应全新的临床环境？

The techniques used to help staff adapt to new clinical situations

约翰·霍普金斯医院生物控制室内窥镜检查护士长内萨·恩斯特(Neysa  Ernst)想了解中国如何帮助护士更快地适应新冠肺炎带来的全新的临床环境。

朝阳医院护理部主任高凤莉回答，她们首先会在人员构成上做出安排，比如在武汉和北京的新冠肺炎定点医院，大多会选择监护室、急诊室的护理人员到前线。如果有普通病房的护士，她们会遵从监护室护士的指引和监督培训，以便更快地去适应新的临床环境。此外，医院还会让准备去前线的护士到呼吸科的重症监护室进行为期两周的短暂培训，让她们熟悉气道管理、俯卧位通气、ECMO的使用等临床技能。

朝阳医院采血中心护士长赵路补充道，很多新冠肺炎患者同时有其他并发症，因而在隔离病房需要一个团队去共同照护这些患者，这个团队中既有一些重症监护经验的护士，也有很多其他专业的专科护士。针对有不同并发症的患者，不同专业的护士就会发挥自己最大的长处和优势，同时利用自己的优势给其他的护士做相关专业技能的普及和短板的补齐。

Neysa Ernst, a nurse manager from Johns Hopkins Hospital, wanted to know whether there are techniques to help nurses adapt to new clinical situations more quickly.

Gao Fengli, director of Nursing Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, said ICU and emergency room nurses were first chosen to work on the frontline. Other general nurses had to be strictly trained by ICU nurses before taking care of COVID-19 patients. Another way is to let nurses train in the hospitals' respiratory ICU unit for a short period of time, so they could learn techniques like prone ventilation and ECMO procedures.

应对疫情过程中遇到的主要困难是什么？

The difficult part of nursing duties on the frontline

美国同行还想了解中国护士们在抗击疫情工作中遇到主要困难是什么，比如穿着厚重的防护服是否影响护士们之间的交流？

朝阳医院的护士们回答，由于穿着很厚的防护服，她们之间在沟通的时候确实要比平时声音大一些才能听清。除了隔离病房内的沟通，她们与病房外的医生护士们的沟通也非常重要，主要通过视频、电话、微信等进行，避免因为隔离病房的特殊性造成信息不畅或中断。

另外她们介绍，与患者的沟通也很重要。除了语言，她们还会通过一些简单的动作来传递信息，比如向病人竖起大拇指表示肯定，而病人也会反馈一个爱心。一些简单的动作，可以让病人感受到关怀，也可以增进医护人员和病人之间的理解和信任。

护士们还提到一个细节，刚到武汉的时候，由于武汉方言和普通话存在差异，医护人员在和当地的老人沟通的时候有些困难。后来，通过自学一些武汉方言，以及请武汉的同行们帮忙翻译和解释，这个问题在一段时间之后就解决了。

除此之外，由于医护人员穿的防护服需要戴三层手套，在进行一些静脉操作的时候都比平常要困难。因此，她们会先对患者做一个整体评估，选择最有把握的血管部位进行操作，也增强了患者对她们的信任。

Janine Jade Borromeo Flinn also asked about the challenges that nurses faced when taking care of the COVID-19 patients in Wuhan.

Liu Xiaojuan said medics needed to speak louder when wearing protective equipment, so they could be understood clearly. The language barrier was another challenge, as the Mandarin spoken in Beijing is slightly different to the dialect in Wuhan. So, nurses found it difficult to communicate with some patients. Besides, nurses needed to wear three layers of gloves for protection, making it a lot harder to operate intravenous injections than usual.

对南非早期防控的建议

Preventing the spread of the novel coronavirus 

南非民主护理组织（Democratic Nursing Organization of South Africa）主席西蒙·汉瓦尼（Simon Hlungwani）说，南非仍然处于新冠肺炎发展的早期，ICU床位不是很充裕，同时农村区域人口比较贫穷，她想知道中国同事对他们有什么建议。

高凤莉回答，呼吸道传播疾病在人群中的传播能力还是非常强的，作为护士来讲，经历了整个抗疫过程以后，她们最希望看到的就是尽量少的人感染病毒，所以对南非来说，现阶段最主要的就是要减少感染。她向南非同事提出两个方面的建议，一是对民众进行防护意识和能力的培训；二是建议由政府出面，制定相应的策略来减少人群的聚集，特别是对可能带有病毒的人群进行隔离。作为护理人员，可以参与到对民众的健康教育，以及防护体系的设立。

Simon Hlungwani, president of Democratic Nursing Organization of South Africa, said there are not enough ICU beds in South Africa now, and there are many poor people in rural areas, so he wanted to know any advice from the Chinese counterparts.

Gao Fengli said they had also gone through the same stage in late January and February this year. Transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in humans happens fast, so finding a way to control the transmission may be the most important thing at the early stage. She suggested that people should protect themselves and avoid crowds. A certain area should be reserved for mild patients who are infected or have symptoms. Treatment needs should be met. When the number of infected population is found reduced, the number of severe patients may also drop down.

男护士：隔离病房里的男子汉

Experience of a male nurse working on the frontline

作为朝阳医院援鄂医疗队副队长，采血中心护士长赵路在一众女将中格外显眼。他介绍，中国男性护理事业在近几年可以说是突飞猛进，队伍也越来越庞大。护士只是一个职业，无论男性还是女性都有自己的优势和特点。

比如在隔离病房中，男护士在体力和耐力上，以及心理抗压能力上都有更大的优势。由于穿着多层防护设备在行动过程中产生的消耗是非常大的，男护士整体的耐力会更好，在病房里能够坚持工作更长时间。同时，在需要给患者一些帮扶和生活上的照顾的时候，男护士在力量上的优势也比较明显。

“还有一点是最重要的，在隔离病房当中，作为男性来讲给予患者的心理上的支持和信赖这种感觉，以及给队友心理上的支持感，都是男护士长发挥的比较大的优势，” 他说。

"There are more male nurses in China than before," said Zhao Lu, head nurse of blood collection center in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. In isolation wards, male nurses have some advantages over female nurses in terms of physical strength and endurance. It is very tiring working while wearing protective equipment.

在时长近一个半小时的节目中，美国和南非的同行还询问了应对疫情应该如何调整医护人员的结构，如何做好防护措施，医护人员需要哪些培训，如何和病人的家属沟通等具体问题，朝阳医院的护士们均结合自身的经验作了耐心细致的解答。

In later episodes of "COVID-19 Frontline," more frontline doctors and experts from Wuhan will join in to share their experience with their colleagues from other parts of the world. If you have any questions regarding COVID-19, you can share with us using #MyOpinionOnCOVID19 on Facebook.

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