“全球疫情会诊室”：中国专家与赞比亚同行分享复工复产经验
当前，中国和非洲多国疫情防控都进入常态化，如何在保证人民生命健康安全的同时做好复工复产，促进经济复苏，成为眼下最受关注的问题之一。
6月19日晚，中央广播电视总台中国国际电视台（CGTN）的“全球疫情会诊室”举办了一场特别节目，邀请来自中国的医学、经贸和教育领域的专家与赞比亚同行分享了抗疫进入常态化状态之后有序推进复工复产的相关经验。
In the latest episode of CGTN's live stream program "COVID-19 Frontline" held on Friday, June 19, experts from China and Zambia in the fields of health, business and education exchanged ideas on how to resume work while fighting COVID-19.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, many countries have started to resume production and implement regular epidemic prevention and control measures. As of now, there are 1,430 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Zambia with 11 deaths and 84,494 confirmed cases in China, according to the Johns Hopkins University's coronavirus resource center.
中国、赞比亚专家通过视频会议展开交流
企业在复工复产时应该如何保证安全？
What should enterprises do when resuming work and production?
赞比亚卫生部公共卫生专家艾萨克·恩古鲁伯（Isaac Ngulube）想了解中国企业在复工复产的过程中是如何保持整个环境的卫生和安全的。
农业装备制造商雷沃重工的海外事业部总经理孙德明对企业层面的防控措施做了具体介绍。他说，第一，要在企业高层的参与下成立跨部门的防疫协调组织；第二，企业内部要向员工提供一个非常精准的防疫指南，包括常规的防护、消毒、接触、就餐、体温检测等一系列具体规范，确保每一位员工都能严格按照规范来做；第三，要安排人员做细致的检查和督导，确保这些规范得到正确的理解和执行；第四，疫情防控要做到全覆盖，把每一个员工背后的家庭也放在关注范围之内；最后，企业还要做好和政府与社区之间的协作。
西安交通大学管理学院院长冯耕中教授补充说，除了企业派专车接送员工、保持社交距离等具体措施，建立全国性的大数据管理体系在此次疫情防控中发挥了非常重要的作用，其中最典型的就是通过大数据管理建立起来的健康码系统，对不同风险等级的人群做到分流管理。另外，大数据管理还有一个非常重要的作用，就是一旦确定某个人是病毒携带者，可以很容易追查到他/她的密切接触者，及时隔离相关人员，阻断病毒传播。
Isaac Ngulube, public health specialist with the Ministry of Health in Zambia, asked about how enterprises should prepare to gradually get back to work safely during the pandemic.
Feng Gengzhong, dean of the School of Management at the Xi'an Jiaotong University, reckons it's important to establish a national big data management system. Every citizen in China has a health code on their phone, which is able to show whether someone poses a contagion risk. If it's a green code, it means its holder can move about unrestricted. If with a red code, the holder might be a virus carrier and needs to be quarantined.
Sun Deming, general manager of the Overseas Division of Lovol Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., added that an enterprise's internal countermeasures can be of several aspects. First, an epidemic prevention and control coordination organization should be established with its senior executives involved. Second, have precise and practical guidelines for prevention, which include disinfection and temperature checking. Every employee is required to strictly follow these guidelines. Third, inspection and supervision should be in place to ensure that the prevention rules are properly understood and implemented. Employees' families should also be involved in preventive measures.
CGTN主持人邹韵在“全球疫情会诊室”北京演播室
防疫常态化背景下如何推进中非合作？
Cooperation between China and Zambia during the pandemic
赞比亚经济学会会长鲁宾达·哈巴佐卡（Lubinda Haabazoka）说，目前全球都在不断推出经济政策来减少新冠肺炎疫情对经济带来的负面影响，而习近平主席也多次提到，中国将给非洲国家提供更多的支持，他问道，在防疫常态化背景下如何更好地推进中非之间的合作？
赞比亚-中国经济贸易合作区总经理廖子彬说，这个合作区就是落实中非合作的一个典范，一些创新性的商业合作理念可以先在合作区内进行试验，得到可行性验证之后再在赞比亚全国推广，最终愿景是推动整个非洲大陆自由贸易区的形成。
赞比亚-中国经济贸易合作区由中国有色集团于2007年投资设立，是我国在非洲设立的第一个境外经贸合作区，也是赞比亚第一个多功能经济区。迄今为止，这个合作区已经吸引了超过20亿美元的投资。
廖经理还指出，新冠肺炎疫情在给经济带来挑战的同时也带来了机遇，就是在赞比亚乃至非洲发展电子商务。他说，他们正在申请加入赞比亚经济协会，并邀请阿里巴巴协助他们在赞比亚搭建电商平台，希望把非洲的优质有机食品如蜂蜜、咖啡等，销往中国市场，这就是习近平主席所说的数字经济的一部分，它将改变赞比亚人民的营商和购物方式。
对于如何在非洲更好地发展电商经济，冯耕中教授也提出了他的建议。他指出，在经济全球化背景下，很多企业都是全球生产、全球采购、全球销售，形成了全球化的巨大网络。中国在这次复工复产过程中提出了一个很重要的概念，就是以产业链协同为主体的复工复产，而不是某个企业单独的复工复产。他认为，对于赞比亚来说，首先要加强供应链管理和产业协同相关方面的人才培养。第二，要建立健全物流体系，这对发展电子商务是非常重要的。在国内疫情期间，正是由于中国强大的物流体系，食品、药品等各类物资才能够及时送达需要的地方，从而保障了社会生活的正常运转。他还提出，在这两个方面，中国的高校和企业都可以为赞比亚提供帮助。
Lubinda Haabazoka, president of the Economics Association of Zambia, said economic policies have been introduced to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on the global economy. He wanted to know how China and Zambia are going to cooperate under the new normal.
Liao Zibin, general manager of the Zambia-China Economic & Trade Cooperation Zone, said in the background of COVID-19 pandemic, it's necessary to keep social distancing. In fact, it also brings an opportunity for the Zambia-China Economic & Trade Cooperation Zone to better develop e-commerce in Zambia and throughout Africa. "Many organic agricultural products, such as honey, coffee in Africa can get access to the huge Chinese market. It's part of the digital economy and it will definitely transform Zambians' way to do business and shop in their daily lives," Liao said.
Feng said that it's necessary to have a good e-commerce logistics system. In China, the whole society did not stop working when everyone stayed at home during the outbreak, among which Chinese express companies and logistics companies played an important role. They sent vegetables, food, medicine and other daily necessities to homes. In the past 20 years, China's logistics enterprises have developed very fast. "It's necessary to improve the logistics system in Zambia. I believe that Chinese enterprises can cooperate more with Zambia in this regard," Feng said.
如何克服疫情对农业的影响？
Impact of the pandemic on agriculture
非洲东部和南部共同市场（Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa）专家丹尼尔·班达(Daniel Banda)说，赞比亚经济主要以农业为主，他想知道如何克服疫情对农业的影响。
江苏大学副校长赵云涛是农业领域的专家，他说，疫情对农业的影响是非常大的，尤其是在非洲，粮食短缺问题仍然是今后非常严重的问题。联合国秘书长古特雷斯6月10号发布了新冠肺炎疫情对粮食安全和营养造成的影响分析的政策简报。报告指出，受到疫情影响，今年陷入极端贫困的人数可能会多出4900万人，严重缺乏食品和营养保障的人口也可能迅速增加。
在中国，疫情期间，粮食生产和农业产业升级都得到了高度重视，春耕、备耕等工作及时全面展开。为了实现粮食增产，国内持续推广包括优良育种、科学施肥、节水灌溉、绿色防控等农业技术。国家和地方政府还整合多方面的力量和资源，有序推进农业装备、节水灌溉等企业的复工复产，满足农业生产的需要，保障粮食安全。
另外，农业智能装备在疫情期间保障粮食安全方面也发挥了关键的作用，无人机播种、施肥和喷药等技术得到广泛应用。
他还建议，中国与赞比亚以及其他非洲国家之间要加强农业装备和科技方面的合作，促进这些国家的农产品增收。他所在的江苏大学也承担着中国在非洲，尤其是在赞比亚开展的农业装备方面的培训项目。更多中国高校可以和赞比亚有关部门合作，促进农业技术的培训和推广应用。
Zhao Yutao, vice president of Jiangsu University, said the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on global agriculture is very big, especially in Africa. He said according to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, the COVID-19 epidemic could push 49 million more people to the poverty stage. So safeguarding everyone's access to food is essential and agriculture science and technology should be promoted.
"Intelligent agricultural equipment plays an increasingly critical role in ensuring food security," Zhao said. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) technology in seed dropping, fertilization and spraying are increasingly applied in the cultivation of agricultural crops. It is suggested that China and Zambia should strengthen cooperation in agricultural science and technology. Chinese universities can organize some training in agricultural tools with relevant organizations in Zambia to promote the popularization and application of agricultural technologies.
疫情防控进入常态化，医院如何做好管理？
How are hospitals responding to the COVID-19 epidemic?
随着疫情防控进入常态化，医院应该如何做好管理？西安交通大学第一附属医院院长施秉银教授做了专业的分享。
他介绍，虽然目前形势仍然比较复杂，他所在的医院努力把工作恢复了95%以上。具体做法有：第一，把传染病科的病房完全空出来，作为应急备用，传染病科的工作人员在发热门诊和其他科室协助做好防疫工作。第二，淡化节假日，并增加周六作为常规接诊日，这一天所有功能科室开放，缓解普通工作日的接诊压力。第三，通过流程优化、增加人员等措施，提高CT、核磁共振、超声检测等项目的效率，大大缩短病人等待的时间，保证整个医院的高效运转。第四，建立起成熟的网络医院，它强大的信息平台以及和医院的无缝对接，使其在疫情期间发挥了很好的作用。医院鼓励患者通过网络医院预约检查和看病，改善了接诊流程，避免病人到医院造成拥挤。
施院长说，他认为未来网络医院将是实现跨国诊疗的重要媒介，因为现在网络医院非常流畅，在全世界任何有网的地方，都可以通过它来找到对应的医生，医生和病人可以通过这个平台进行更多的交流。
Shi Bingyin, dean and class A chief physician of the First Affiliated Hospital of XJTU, said doctors in his hospital need to work on Saturdays as well so more patients could be treated and avoid patients crowding. In addition, improvement has been made in Chinese hospitals to make such tests as CT scans, MRI and ultrasound checks much easier now.
Medical service online has been very effective during the epidemic. Patients are encouraged to consult doctors online. "In the future, we can have more communication through online hospitals," Shi said.
在时长近两个小时的交流中，两国专家还探讨了中赞经济的互补性，赞比亚应该如何吸引更多中国企业的投资，两国旅游和教育方面的合作前景等。赞比亚专家在节目最后表示，中国一直都是赞比亚非常可靠的好朋友，对赞比亚提供了很多帮助，赞比亚人民一直非常感激，他们希望看到更多中国企业到赞比亚进行投资建厂或开展高科技合作，也希望两国关系越来越好。
In later episodes of "COVID-19 Frontline," more frontline doctors and experts from Wuhan will join in to share their experience with their colleagues from other parts of the world. If you have any questions regarding COVID-19, you can share with us using #MyOpinionOnCOVID19 on Facebook.
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