疫情数据绕过CDC，直接上报特朗普政府，政治彻底压倒科学？

特朗普政府下令各医院绕过美国疾病控制和预防中心，从7月15日开始将所有新冠肺炎患者的数据发送到华盛顿的一个中央数据库，此事在社交媒体上引发激烈讨论,尤其令公共卫生专家感到震惊，他们担心疫情数据的透明度下降，并加剧美国当前的“疫情政治化”问题的割裂。

Hospital data on coronavirus patients will now be sent to Trump administration instead of first being sent to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) confirmed to CNN on July 15. 

Critics think that this transfer could make data less transparent to the public at a time when the Trump administration is accused of manipulating data during the pandemic and undermining public trust in medical data.

美国法律学者、哈佛大学教授Laurence Tribe发布推特称，接受数据的公司Teletracking和卫生与公众服务部均为特朗普的亿万富翁盟友所拥有，医院管理者们应该提出异议。

Harvard University professor Laurence Tribe twitted: "As of today, hospitals are directed by the Trump administration to report Covid data not to CDC but solely to Teletracking and HHS Protect, both owned by billionaire Trump allies. Dictators control information ….” 

美国律师、检察官Joyce Alene发布推特称，特朗普绕过疾控中心的举动只能表明他希望在大选前模糊有关住院和死亡的数据，他总是试图掩盖对他不利的真相。

Trump's move to bypass CDC can only signal a desire to obscure the data on hospitalization & deaths ahead of the election. There’s no other reason to cut CDC out of the loop. Trump always tries to hide the truth when it's bad for him, from tax returns to classified servers. 

此前，全美医院均向疾控中心“全国卫生保健安全网”上报疫情数据，这一网络感染追踪系统覆盖广泛。此次特朗普政府的要求，相当于要求医院“绕过”位于亚特兰大的疾控中心，直接“越级”上报至位于华盛顿的卫生部。

根据《纽约时报》披露，特朗普政府的这一指示，被写在了卫生部网站上一份不起眼的文件中。该指示称，从现在开始，卫生部——而非疾控中心——将每天收集各家医院正在治疗的病人、可用床位和呼吸机数量，以及其他与疫情相关的重要信息。

特朗普政府对此的解释是，这一改变将简化数据收集工作，并协助白宫疫情应对工作组分配稀缺医疗物资。但问题是，负责收集上报信息的卫生部数据库并不对外开放，因此可能影响研究人员和卫生官员的工作。

“从历史上看，疾控中心一直是接收公共卫生数据的地方，特朗普政府此举引发了不少疑问，包括研究人员的访问权限，以及记者乃至公众的访问权限。”

无党派的凯撒家族基金会全球健康与艾滋病政策主任詹•凯茨说，“如何保护数据？会有透明度吗？会有访问权限吗？疾控中心在理解数据方面的作用是什么？”

The new instructions were posted recently on a little-noticed side-bar on the HHS website. From now on, the department – not the CDC – will collect daily reports about the patients that each hospital is treating and the available beds and ventilators, and other vital information which track the pandemic.

However, the HHS database that receives new information is not open to the public, such non-transparent would affect medical researchers who rely on CDC data to make decisions.

“Historically, CDC has been the place where public health data has been sent, and this raises questions about not just access for researchers but access for reporters, access for the public to try to better understand what is happening with the outbreak," said Jen Kates, the director of global health and HIV policy with the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation.

卫生部官员怎么说？

卫生部发言人迈克尔•卡普托对此表示，疾控中心的系统并不完善，并称未来两个系统将被连接起来，疾控中心可以继续公开数据。“如今，疾控中心在报告医院数据方面仍然有至少一周的滞后。”卡普托说，“但美国需要实时了解疫情信息。新的更快更完整的数据系统，对于美国战胜新冠病毒必不可少。而疾控中心作为卫生部的一个运营部门，肯定会参与到政府的全面简化工作中。”

但外界对卫生部的解释并不满意，目前已有多位公共卫生专家站了出来，从多个角度抨击特朗普政府“边缘化”疾控中心的做法。

HHS spokesman Michael Caputo called the CDC’s system inadequate and said the two systems would be linked. The CDC would continue to make data public, he said.

“Today, the CDC still has at least a week lag in reporting hospital data,” Caputo said. “America requires it in real-time. The new, faster, and complete data system is what our nation needs to defeat the coronavirus, and the CDC, an operating division of HHS, will certainly participate in this streamlined all-of-government response. They will simply no longer control it.”

But the health department's explanation has not been accepted, and several public health experts have criticized Trump's administration's "marginalization" of the CDC.

“从未见过科学被政治影响如此之深”

有观点认为，特朗普政府“接管”疫情数据的做法，不仅是对疾控中心的又一次排挤，更是其企图“边缘化”公共卫生专家的最新尝试。

7月15日，白宫经济顾问彼得•纳瓦罗公开发文“炮轰”美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所所长安东尼•福奇，称福奇在应对疫情过程中的很多判断都是错的，呼吁外界对福奇的建议应持“怀疑和谨慎的态度”。

最近，白宫被指控向当地媒体提供反对福奇的材料，白宫方面表示，在《今日美国》发表纳瓦罗文章之前，白宫就没有认同其所表达的观点，并声称没有签署发表过这篇文章。

面对社交媒体上的激烈批评，《今日美国》承认白宫经济顾问纳瓦罗撰写的文章存在错误，因为这篇文章不符合该刊物的事实核查标准。

与此同时，特朗普也表示：“纳瓦罗说的仅代表他个人立场”。

The Trump administration's "take-over" of epidemic data is seen not only as another attempt to bypass the CDC, but also as its latest attempt to "marginalize" public health experts. 

On July 15, White House Trade Adviser Peter Navarro publicly criticized Anthony Fauci, American physician and immunologist, for misleading in fighting the pandemic.

The White House, recently alleged of feeding the local media with material against Fauci, has chosen to distance itself from Navaro’s piece even before the USA Today’s editorial note, by claiming that it didn’t sign off the article. 

Facing intense criticism on social media, USA Today has admitted errors in an opinion piece written by the White House trade adviser, as such piece did not meet the publication’s fact-checking standards.

Trump also said that Navarro “made a statement representing himself.” He added, “He shouldn’t be doing that.”

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