观察家｜中国的全面小康II——乡村振兴的宏伟愿景
President Xi Jinping rightly celebrates the success of China's "targeted poverty alleviation campaign", which by the end of last year, 2020, had brought about 100 million of the intractably poor out of extreme poverty. For China to achieve "The Chinese Dream" of national rejuvenation, eliminating extreme poverty was necessary, but it was not sufficient. China must continue to fight poverty by reducing still-substantial relative poverty and close the still-excessive wealth gap, primarily between rural and urban areas.
习近平主席对中国“精准扶贫”工作的称赞可谓恰如其分,（从2012年）至2020年年底，约有1亿中国人摆脱了极端贫困。然而要实现中华民族伟大复兴的"中国梦"，消除极端贫困只是必要条件，而非充分条件。中国必须继续致力于减贫工作，减少数量依然庞大的相对贫困人口，缩小仍然严重的贫富差距，尤其是城乡之间的贫富差距。
Enhancing rural standards of living exemplifies China's long-range vision to the years 2035 and 2050, when China's goal is to become a "fully modernized, socialist nation". And President Xi allows no delay in making the historic transition from poverty alleviation to rural vitalization.
提高农村人口生活水平是中国2035年远景目标和2050年远景展望的重要内容。届时，中国将成为一个“全面现代化的社会主义国家”。习主席希望实现由脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴的有效衔接。
Without the vitalization of the countryside, there can be no social stability, no common prosperity, no national rejuvenation. But while grand visions are formulated by central leadership, they must be implemented by local, grassroots officials, and this is especially true of rural vitalization. Under President Xi, China defines its national goal of becoming a "fully modernized, socialist nation" as being prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful.
若乡村不振兴，则社会不稳定，难以实现共同富裕和民族复兴。这些由中央领导层制定的宏伟愿景，最终还需要地方和基层干部来实施落地。在乡村振兴方面尤其如此，在习主席的领导下，中国将其 “全面建设社会主义现代化国家” 的目标定义为建设富强、 民主、文明、和谐、美丽的国家。
Actualizing these adjectives largely depends on the success of rural vitalization, which in turn depends on the grassroots officials who implement the programs - officials whose challenges include constantly "on the road", little rest, low welfare, minimum opportunities for promotion - plus complaints from villagers below and pressures from officials above. That's why new policies promote the care of grassroots officials: easing their burdens by fighting pointless formalities, reducing the number of meetings, providing incentives for serving the people including salary guarantees and opportunities for career advancement.
乡村振兴是实现这些目标的重要一环，而乡村振兴的效果取决于基层干部的具体工作。这些干部面临重重挑战，比如各种事情一桩接一桩，休息时间少， 福利待遇低，晋升机会少，下有村民诉苦，上有领导施压。因此中央出台了关心关爱基层干部的新政策，为他们松绑减负，比如整治形式主义，减少开会次数，奖励为人民服务的行为，提供薪酬保障和晋升机会。
It has become a tradition in China that the first document issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council each year, dubbed the "No.1 Central Document" indicating policy priority, concerns the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
一直以来，中共中央和国务院每年发布的第一份文件，也就是所谓的“中央一号文件”，强调的都是政策重点，这些重点都是关于农业农村现代化方面的。
In 2021, the "No. 1 Central Document", with nine in-depth chapters, calls for "organizational vitalization" to achieve rural vitalization, thereby ensuring the supply of major agricultural products, stabilizing the sown area of grain, improving the yield per unit area, accelerating scientific and technological projects in agricultural biological breeding, promoting green and healthy aquaculture, and optimizing the trade of agricultural products.
2021年的“中央一号文件”包含九个具体章节，强调“组织振兴”对实现乡村振兴作用重大。具体包括加强重要农产品的供给保障，稳定粮食播种面积，提高单位面积产量，加快实施农业生物育种重大科技项目，推进水产绿色健康养殖，优化农产品贸易布局。
To achieve these goals, the Document calls for strengthening the Party's leadership over agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improving rural governance, building grassroots cadre teams, providing dispute resolution mechanisms, and bolstering the village-level collective economy. It exhorts grassroots officials to go deep into the fields and farmhouses to listen to the voices of the masses and to understand their needs. Grassroots problems impeding the building of a prosperous countryside include the quality of rural industries, infrastructure, public services, civilized culture, ecology and governance.
为了实现这些目标，文件要求加强党对“三农”工作的全面领导，加强乡村治理，加快基层干部队伍建设。建立争端解决机制，发展壮大新型农村集体经济。文件鼓励基层干部深入田间地头和农户家中，倾听群众的呼声，了解群众的需求。影响乡村振兴的基层问题包括乡村产业质量，基础设施，公共服务，乡风文明，生态环境和乡村治理。
The Document also warned against promoting benefit-induced indolence, requiring officials to promote low-income people's "will" and "intellect" to improve their own lives. China's grand vision goes to 2035 and 2050, when standards of living in rural and urban areas should be roughly equal. By 2035, China should achieve basic modernization of agriculture and rural areas including equal access to basic public services; by 2050, rural areas should have robust agriculture, beautiful landscapes and prosperous farmers. It's a grand vision, but a tall order.
文件表示，为避免助长帮扶依赖，基层干部需践行 “扶贫先扶志，扶贫必扶智”，让人们努力改善自己的生活。根据中国2035年远景目标和2050年远景展望，届时城乡地区生活水平应大体相当。到2035年，基本实现农业农村现代化，实现城乡基本公共服务均等化；到2050年，全面实现农业强，农村美，农民富。这是一个宏伟的愿景，但同时也意味着艰巨的任务。
I'm keeping Watch. I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn.
我在持续观察，我是罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩。