隐秘的背叛 | 二战后英国强制遣返中国海员真相揭秘

朱迪·基宁把她的出生证明展开给我看，上面有她父亲的姓名和职业：Chang au Chiang，船舶装配工。她拿出一张布满折痕的、发黄的老照片，那是她幼年时和父母的合照，照片上，她的父亲梳着三七开的发型，穿着衬衣，打着领带，还有一件皮夹克，样子有几分潇洒。

我见到朱迪是在利物浦的一间咖啡店，我们相识不久，可她对父亲的了解却和我相差无几——尽管，她一直在试图寻找更多关于父亲的消息。

Judy Kinnin folds out her birth certificate so that I can read her father's name and occupation: Chang au Chiang, ship's fitter. She shows me a creased, sepia colored photograph of her as a young child with her mother Maureen and her father, a well-dressed man with smartly parted hair, wearing a shirt, tie and leather jacket.

I've only just met Judy, in a cafe in Liverpool in the northwest of England, but I now know almost as much about her father as she does, and she's desperate to find out more.

Judy's birth certificate, showing her father's name and occupation. /Judy Kinnin/Simon Morris/CGTN

朱迪的父亲是二战时期随同英国商船队，冒着纳粹的炮火，穿越北大西洋从美国运输物资，保障英国战时供应的数千中国海员之一。然而，当战争结束后，这些中国海员非但没有因为他们的贡献得到感谢，反而遭到了强制遣返。他们中许多人已经在英国与当地女性结婚，并有了自己的孩子。

朱迪给我讲述了战后她父亲突然失踪那一天的情景。后来，母亲曾经告诉她，她和其他失踪海员的妻子们一样，一开始只是以为她们的丈夫外出了，后来才意识到，事情似乎并没有这么简单。

Chiang was one of the thousands of Chinese seafarers who worked in Britain's Merchant Navy in World War II, crewing ships on the extraordinarily dangerous North Atlantic convoys which brought supplies from America to help defeat Nazi Germany.

Many thousands of men died, many more suffered great hardships, Chinese seamen among them. But when the war ended, rather than being thanked for their help, the Chinese sailors were coerced into returning home, even though many had married British women and had children in the UK.

Judy described to CGTN how her father just disappeared from his Liverpool home one day. Her mother told her later that she and other women left behind thought their partners were simply out socializing, until the realization began to dawn that something terrible had happened.

The photograph of Judy with her mother and father before he disappeared. /Judy Kinnin/Simon Morris/CGTN

“一开始，她的朋友们说，找不到她们的丈夫或伴侣了，但她们当时认为，他们一定是打麻将去了，没什么。但第二天早上，他们还是没有回来……”朱迪说。“她们找了好几天，发现有货车曾经到过丈夫们打麻将的地方，炸鱼薯条小店，还有洗衣店……他们被带上车，带去了默西码头。”

从此之后，朱迪的父亲音信全无。

“我母亲一直不知道父亲到底发生了什么事，一直到去世她都不知道。”

"Her friends came round and said their husbands or partners were missing. And they just thought, Oh, they're playing mahjong that's it, you know. But come next morning they weren't around and then other friends came down. 

"They were all meeting: Well, where are they? And then she said as the day went on, they found out that vans had come down to the place that they played the mahjong, the fish and chip shops and the laundries that picked these men up, loaded them in vans and took them down to the Mersey."

Nothing was ever heard from Chiang again: "My mum never knew what happened to him. She never knew," said Judy.

朱迪父亲的下落已无从知晓。一份英国内政部近期公布的记录上显示，超过8千人被遣返。其中只有很小一部分是通过官方渠道被遣送回国的，更多的是强制遣返。许多人被迫失去工作，遭遇无端降薪，甚至修改居留许可条款让他们失去合法身份。

英国内政部的一份文件称，彼时的遣返政策是明显的种族歧视。像朱迪这样苦苦寻觅生父踪迹的中国海员后裔还有很多。对于彼得·傅来说，痛苦的不是父亲杳无音信，而是知道了父亲的消息却无法亲近。

The exact number of men who shared Chiang's fate is unknown, although a recent UK Home Office report makes clear more than 8,000 were repatriated. 

Only a small number were officially deported, and many may have gone voluntarily. However, it's clear many were coerced through being denied employment, having pay cut and having their landing conditions varied in a way which put them in legal jeopardy.

The Home Office report says the policy was racially "inflected" and "motivated." That admission is a step forward for people like Judy after decades of official denial, but for Peter Foo whose father was deported, it's all too late.

Peter Foo (left) told CGTN's Guy Henderson how upset he was to find out the truth about his father. / CGTN Simon Morris

彼得的父亲也是被遣返的海员之一。

从他记事起年以来，彼得就被告知，他的父亲Foo Hong Swang抛弃了他。所以上世纪70年代，当他得知父亲就住在新加坡的时候，他拒绝了与父亲见面的机会。直到父亲去世，彼得才知道他当初离开的真相。

“我很愤怒……因为真相直到现在才公开。”

虽然没有确切统计，但据估计，至少有400名儿童与朱迪和彼得一样，成为了这场人为的骨肉分离悲剧中的弃婴。

For years Peter believed his father Foo Hong Swang had simply abandoned him. When it turned out he was living in Singapore in the 1970s Peter refused to go and see him. 

It was only after he'd died that Peter realized his father had been taken along with the others. "It makes me more angry....that the truth is coming out now," he says.

Although no-one can be sure, one estimate is that about 400 children experienced their father disappearing in much the same way as Peter's and Judy's did.

工党议员金·约翰逊正在试图推动政府正式道歉——半个世纪前，正是工党政府执行了秘密遣返计划。

“航运公司，警察，内政部一起谋划了针对这些中国海员的行动，致使他们妻离子散。他们中有许多人终其一生也不知道自己的父亲到底遭遇了什么，”约翰逊说。“他们认为自己被抛弃了，直到那些文件被公之于众，耸人听闻的真相大白于天下。”

The opposition Member of Parliament Kim Johnson prodded the Home Office into compiling the report and is now campaigning for a full official apology for the way the Labour government (her party) in 1946 behaved. 

"The shipping companies, the police, the Home Office, all conspired together to send those seaman away and away from their families. 

"A lot of those families have lived a lifetime not knowing what had happened to their fathers. You know, they thought they'd been abandoned and it wasn't until those papers that were released that, the whole horrendous story came to light."

可彼得对政府公开道歉不抱什么希望。

“那个时候我还活着么？我看未必。因为这个国家并不想向我这样一个傻瓜道歉。他们说不定很高兴看到我死去，”彼得说。

对于朱迪而言，父亲失踪后，她苦苦追寻了一生。

“我只是想得到一个答案，”她说。

But Peter Foo has little faith in the chances of him seeing an apology.

"While I'm still alive? I don't think I will somehow. I don't think I will. Why not? Because the country doesn't want to be apologizing to an idiot like me. No, I think they'd be quite happy to see me die."

For Judy Kinnin, though, the search for answers goes on. "I just want to know, " she says. "I just want to know."

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