【说文载道】王道（Kingly Way）

王道

Kingly Way

(Benevolent Governance)

详解

儒家倡导的以仁义治理天下，以德服人的政治主张（与“霸道”相对）。上古贤民帝王多以仁德治国，至战国时代孟子将其提升为政治理念，提出国君应当以仁义治国，在处理国与国之间的关系时要以德服人，这样才能得到民众拥护，统一天下。它是中华民族崇尚“文明”、反对武力和暴政的具体体现。

Confucianism advocates the political principles of governing the country through benevolence and winning people’s support through virtue as opposed to badao(霸道) – the despotic way. Enlightened kings and emperors of ancient times governed the country primarily through benevolence and virtue. In the Warring State Period, Mencius advocated this idea as a political concept: Only by governing the state with benevolence and righteousness, and by handling state-to-state relations on the basis of virtue, can a ruler win popular support and subsequently unify the country. The kingly way or benevolent governance epitomizes the Chinese people’s respect for “civilization” and their opposition to the use of force and tyranny.

王道荡荡。
无偏无党，
︽尚书*洪范︾引例小解

◎公正而不偏向任何一方，圣王之道宽广无边。

◎By upholding justice without any partiality or bias, the kingly way is inclusive and boundless.

以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也，如七十子之服孔子也。
以力服人者，非心服也，力不赡也；
以德行仁者王，王不待大。
以力假仁者霸，霸必有大国；
︽孟子*公孙丑上︾引例小解

◎凭借武力而假托仁义的人可以称霸，称霸一定以大国作基础；依靠道德施行仁义的人可以称王，称王却不一定非大国不可……用武力使人服从不是真心服从，只是力量不足以反抗而已；用仁德使人服从，才是由衷喜悦而真心服从，就像七十二个弟子敬服孔子那样。

◎One who governs by force through feigning virtue may gain only hegemonic dominance, and hegemony must have a large state as its basis; one who governs through virtue and benevolence is a king who does not necessarily need a large stage… Allegiance commanded through force from the people does not mean the conquest of their heart; it is only because they are not strong enough to revolt. Allegiance gained through benevolence and virtue is really from the heart of the people, who will follow whole-heartedly, just like that of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius.

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