中国金融市场的地缘政治风险、经济政策不确定性与资产收益
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风险回报权衡的动态资产定价模型是现代金融理论的核心构成要素。理性行为意味着经济主体由于外部冲击或政府政策创新而不断对新闻作出反应。这种持续的市场调整现象是以动态方式进行的,通常会产生随时间变化的风险回报关系。在一个在股票债券机制下运作的系统中,投资者试图进行有效的投资组合配置,在对不同资产工具的特征进行调整后,使资产收益均衡。
如果外部冲击破坏了均衡条件,资产持有人会根据回报差异将资金从低回报资产转移到预期回报较高的资产,从而重新调整投资组合。这种“总替代”性质(Tobin,1969年)无疑将改变现有的股票-债券收益相关性。然而,如果冲击是由意外的资产增长引发的,由此产生的财富效应可能会推动对股票和债券的更高需求,这种“财富效应”会导致这两种资产类别的回报率之间存在正相关性。
过去的文献在研究投资组合构成时,仅限于两种资产:股票和债券,并假设债券是股票的唯一替代资产,以此来规避风险。但这一前提在中国社会可能并不成立,因为债券投资并不发达,债券交易工具也没有被中国市场的投资者或家庭普遍理解;因此,债券不是用来对冲不确定性的流行资产。更符合传统文化的是,中国家庭倾向于以硬币、金条或纯金的形式购买黄金这种存储价值、促进未来消费的产品。
今天我们将介绍发表由Thomas C. Chiang在CFRI上的Geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty and asset returns in Chinese financial markets一文,这篇文章在考虑经济不确定对资产收益的影响时,不仅考虑了股票-债券之间的替代效应,同时也将黄金股票-债券和股票-黄金关系的替代效应考虑其中。本文使用Engle(2009)的动态条件相关(DCC)模型和Chiang(1988)的滚动相关模型来生成资产收益随时间的相关性,并分析它们对经济政策不确定性变化(|∆EPU_t|)与地缘政治风险不确定性(|∆GPR_t|)的反应。
文章概述
本文考察了资产收益对经济政策不确定性变化(|∆EPU_t|)与地缘政治风险不确定性(|∆GPR_t|)的反应。研究表明,股票-债券之间存在时变的相关性,这与|∆EPU_t|呈负相关。同样,股票-黄金的相关性|∆EPU_t|也呈负相关,这与“抗衡质量”假说一致。
然而,股票-黄金的相关性与|∆GPR_t|是正相关的,这是由显性收入效应引起的。当将分析扩展到债券-黄金收益率相关性时,本文发现其与|∆EPU_t|、|∆GPR_t|均呈负相关。在检查|∆EPU_t|、|∆GPR_t|对股票收益率的影响时,所有估计系数均显著为负,这表明经济政治的不确定性因素对股票市场产生了不利影响。然而,|∆EPU_t|、|∆GPR_t|对债券收益率和黄金回报率的影响系数却为正。这证明了,中国市场的投资者能够识别不确定性本质的细微变化,并做出适当的对冲选择。
作者简介
姜寄南
姜寄南博士(Dr. Thomas Chiang),美国德雷塞尔大学Drexel University — 财务金融学名誉退休教授 (Professor Emeritus of Finance, 2021年9月1日)。姜寄南博士係Marshall M. Austin 讲席教授, (1996-2021)。1981年加入金融与统计系,1985年获终身职教授并成为德雷塞尔大学财务金融系的三位创始人之一,曾任Lebow商学院博士班主任四年,担任博导35年。姜寄南博士于 1981 年在宾夕法尼亚州立大学获得博士学位,主修金融经济学和计量经济学。他曾担任香港中文大学学术课程的校外审查教授(1999-2002)和多个国际访问讲座,包括联合国学术发展计划、中兴大学、 逢甲大学、东海 大学、复旦大学、山东大学和中南大学。他曾担任《国际商业与经济杂志》的联合主编和众多期刊的副主编。
Thomas Chinan Chiang教授的研究兴趣包括全球金融传染、国际金融、国际资产定价、行为金融学和金融计量经济学,他主要金融期刊发表论文包括:Journal of International Money and Finance、Journal of Banking and Finance、Quantitative Finance、Journal of Money, Credit and Banking、Journal of Forecasting、Pacific-Basin Finance Journal、Journal of Financial Research and Financial Review与其他期刊。他还是两本书的合著者:“国际金融市场”(1991 )和“可持续企业增长:模型和管理规划工具”(1989 )。
图为姜寄南博士近期在旅途中
文章原文
Geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty and asset returns in Chinese financial markets
Purpose – This paper investigates the impact of a change in economic policy uncertainty |∆EPU_t| and the absolute value of a change in geopolitical risk(|∆GPR_t)on the returns of stocks, bonds and gold in the Chinese market.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses Engle’s (2009) dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model and Chiang’s (1988) rolling correlation model to generate correlations of asset returns over time and
analyzes their responses to |∆EPU_t| and |∆GPR_t|
Findings – Evidence shows that stock-bond return correlations are negatively correlated to |∆EPU_t| , whereas stock-gold return correlations are positively related to the |∆GPR_t| but negatively correlated with |∆EPU_t|. This study finds evidence that stock returns are adversely related to the risk/uncertainty measured by downside risk, |∆EPU_t| and |∆GPR_t|, whereas the bond return is positively related to a rise in ΔEPUt; the gold return is positively correlated with a heightened |∆GPR_t|.
Research limitations/implications – The findings are based entirely on the data for China’s asset markets; further research may expand this analysis to other emerging markets, depending on the availability of GPR indices.
Practical implications – Evidence suggests that the performance of the Chinese market differs from advanced markets. This study shows that gold is a safe haven and can be viewed as an asset to hedge against policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk in Chinese financial markets.
Social implications – This study identify the special role for the gold prices in response to the economic policy uncertainty and the geopolitical risk. Evidence shows that stock and bond return correlation is negatively related to the ΔEPU and support the flight-to-quality hypothesis. However, the stock-gold return correlation is positively related to |∆GPR_t|, resulting from the income or wealth effect.
Originality/value – The presence of a dynamic correlations between stock-bond and stock-gold relations in response to |∆EPU_t| and |∆GPR_t| has not previously been tested in the literature. Moreover, this study finds evidence that bond-gold correlations are negatively correlated to both |∆EPU_t| and |∆GPR_t|.
Keywords Stock–bond return correlation, Stock-gold return correlation, Downside risk, Economic policy uncertainty, Geopolitical risk, Safe haven
一键引用
Citation
Chiang, T.C. (2021), "Geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty and asset returns in Chinese financial markets", China Finance Review International, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 474-501. https://doi.org/10.1108/CFRI-08-2020-0115
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