“头号威胁”与“层叠”挑战:美国情报界年度威胁的焦点转向
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
2021《美国情报界年度威胁评估》报告将中国全球实力的上升列为美国在未来一年内面临的首要威胁。与之前发布的类似报告相比,该报告对中国、俄罗斯等国家带来的威胁,以及对网络安全的强调体现了关注的连续性。与此同时,这份报告中蕴含着明显的潜台词,即情报中心的焦点正从反恐转向与之实力接近的竞争对手(near-peer)。此外,美国对国家安全的定义不断拓宽,气候变化、全球公共卫生、移民、跨国犯罪等非传统安全威胁的重视程度不断提升,这些危险相互联动给美国带来“层叠”挑战。
“我们惟一值得恐惧的,就是恐惧本身。”
——美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福
图片来源:medium
2021年度威胁评估的两个转向
头号“威胁”:美情报界的中国定位
次要挑衅:
俄罗斯、伊朗、朝鲜的不同威胁
“层叠”挑战:
全球大流行、气候变化与移民问题
结语
1. 《美国情报界全球威胁评估(2015-2019)》,知远战略与防务研究所,2020年2月,http://www.knowfar.org.cn/book-28-8000544.aspx。
2. Amanda Macias, “Climate crisis threatens U.S. national security, Defense secretary says,” CNBC, April 22, 2021, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/climate-crisis-poses-existential-threat-to-us-security-defense-chief-austin.html.
3. Anthony H. Cordesman, “Competition with China and Russia: The Crisis-Driven Need to Change U.S. Strategy,” January 6, 2021, CSIS, https://www.csis.org/analysis/biden-transition-and-us-competition-china-and-russia-crisis-driven-need-change-us-strategy.
4. Emily Harding, “The Intelligence Community’s Annual Threat Assessment,” April 19, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/intelligence-communitys-annual-threat-assessment.
5. Julian E. Barnes, “China Poses Biggest Threat to U.S., Intelligence Report Says,” The New York Times, April 13, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/13/us/politics/china-national-security-intelligence-report.html.
6. Mark Hosenball & Jonathan Landay, “China push for global power tops U.S. security threats - intelligence report,” Reuters, April 14, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-push-global-power-tops-us-security-threats-intelligence-report-2021-04-13/.
7. 报告原文:”Annual Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community,” Office of the Director of National Intelligence, April 9, 2021, https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ATA-2021-Unclassified-Report.pdf.