指南推荐|女性复发性单纯性尿路感染的诊治
The following article is from 医脉通泌尿外科 Author Troy
本指南仅适用于复发性单纯性尿路感染女性,不适用于孕妇、免疫功能低下、尿路解剖或功能异常、因自行导尿或留置导尿而出现尿路感染的患者。在本指南中,除非另有说明,否则“UTI”一词均代表尿路感染。
温馨提示:AUA:美国泌尿学会 CUA:加拿大泌尿学会
SUFU:尿流动力学、女性盆底医学和泌尿生殖道重建学会
rUTI(复发性尿路感染)是一种非常普遍的疾病,影响所有年龄和种族的女性。大约60%的女性一生中会经历有症状的急性细菌性膀胱炎。据估计,在有过一次膀胱炎发作的女性中,约有20%-40%可能会再次复发,其中25%-50%会多次复发。每年全球花费在UTI评估和处理的费用高达数十亿美元,仅在美国就达到约20亿美元。
本文旨在为rUTI患者评估和管理提供指导意见,以防止抗生素的不当使用,降低抗生素耐药的风险,并通过提供抗生素和其他预防策略,减少UTI事件的复发,提高rUTI女性的临床结果和生活质量。
Clinicians should omit surveillance urine testing, including urine culture, in asymptomatic patients with rUTIs. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C)
对于无症状的rUTI患者,临床医生应忽略尿液检查(包括尿培养)。(中等推荐;证据级别:C级)
Clinicians should not treat ASB in patients. (Strong Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade B)
临床医生不应治疗无症状菌尿的患者。(强烈推荐;证据级别:B级)
Clinicians should use first-line therapy (i.e., nitrofurantoin, TMP-SMX, fosfomycin) dependent on the local antibiogram for the treatment of symptomatic UTIs in women. (Strong Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade B)
对于有症状的UTI女性患者,临床医生应根据当地抗菌谱采用一线药物治疗(如呋喃妥因,TMP-SMX,磷霉素)。(强烈推荐;证据级别:B级)
Clinicians should treat rUTI patients experiencing acute cystitis episodes with as short a duration of antibiotics as reasonable, generally no longer than seven days. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade B)
当临床医生治疗急性膀胱炎发作的rUTI患者时,应在合理范围内尽可能短时间地使用抗生素,一般不超过7天。(中等推荐;证据级别:B级)
In patients with rUTIs experiencing acute cystitis episodes associated with urine cultures resistant to oral antibiotics, clinicians may treat with culture-directed parenteral antibiotics for as short a course as reasonable, generally no longer than seven days. (Expert Opinion)
尿培养对口服抗生素耐药的急性膀胱炎rUTI患者,临床医生可在合理的情况下,采用肠外抗生素治疗,疗程尽可能短,一般不超过7天。(专家意见)
Following discussion of the risks, benefits, and alternatives, clinicians may prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis to decrease the risk of future UTIs in women of all ages previously diagnosed with UTIs. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade B)
在对风险、益处和替代方案进行讨论后,临床医生可能会开出抗生素预防处方,以降低既往诊断UTIs女性(所有年龄段)以后患UTIs的风险。(中等推荐;证据级别:B级)
Clinicians may offer cranberry prophylaxis for women with rUTIs. (Conditional Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C)
临床医生可能会为rUTI女性患者提供蔓越莓预防。(有条件的推荐;证据级别:C级)
Clinicians should not perform a post-treatment test of cure urinalysis or urine culture in asymptomatic patients. (Expert Opinion)
临床医生不应对无症状患者进行治愈后的尿液分析或尿培养。(专家意见)
Clinicians should repeat urine cultures to guide further management when UTI symptoms persist following antimicrobial therapy. (Expert Opinion)
当抗菌治疗后UTI症状持续存在时,临床医生应重复尿培养以指导进一步的治疗。(专家意见)
In peri- and post-menopausal women with rUTIs, clinicians should recommend vaginal estrogen therapy to reduce the risk of future UTIs if there is no contraindication to estrogen therapy. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade B)
对于围绝经和绝经后rUTI女性,如果没有雌激素治疗禁忌症,临床医生应推荐阴道雌激素疗法,以降低以后患UTIs的风险。(中等推荐;证据级别:B级)
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