让中国诗词火起来、活起来、传下去
读者君，
您好。
我是今天广东英语新闻栏目公众号的撰稿人，同事们都管我叫交哥；我之前也写过几篇文章，分享了我的一些有用没用的翻译经验。有兴趣的读者可以浏览文末的链接。春节期间，中央台的《中国诗词大会》突然走红，我还记得每天晚上都守着电视机旁边和孩子一起观看，家人一起答题。中华诗词，以其独特的魅力得以传诵千年。诗歌该如何翻译呢？我们不妨看看翻译大师们是怎么翻的。为此我专门找了相关书籍，一位是翻译家许渊冲，另一位是香港大学客座副教授何中坚先生，何先生比较不为人所知，可我感觉他的翻译功力也非常精湛。细细品这些诗歌翻译，分明能感受到这些高明的译者就像一位武林高手，在狭小空间里，即使戴着脚镣，可每个腾挪闪躲动作都像行云流水般流畅。为了怕您阅读的时候觉得闷，我挑了一些自己在广州兰圃拍的兰花照片。
回乡偶书
贺知章
少小离家老大回，
乡音无改鬓毛衰。
儿童相见不相识，
笑问客从何处来。
Oh, I return to the homeland I left while young,
Thinner has grown my hair,
though I speak the same tongue.
My children, whom I meet,
do not know who am I.
“Where are you from, dear sir?”
they ask with beaming eyes.
（许渊冲译）
I left home young but on return old I became;
The hair on my temples turned grey,
But my accent remained the same.
Children greeted me but knew me not:
With a giggle, they asked from where I came.
（何中坚译）
静夜思
李白
床前明月光，
疑是地上霜。
举头望明月，
低头思故乡。
Before my bed a pool of light;
Oh, can it be frost on the ground?
Looking up, I find the moon bright;
Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
（许渊冲译）
The bright moonshines before my bed;
I wonder if it’s frost on the ground spread.
At the bright moon I look up,
And yearn for my old home as I lower my head.
（何中坚译）
怨情
李白
美人卷珠帘，
深坐蹙蛾眉。
但见泪痕湿，
不知心恨谁。
A lady rolls up the beaded curtain;
She sits with a frown till late.
Seen only are wet tear stains;
Known not whom she may hate.
（何中坚译）
赠别
杜牧
多情却似总无情，
唯觉樽前笑不成。
蜡烛有心还惜别，
替人垂泪到天明。
Deeply in love but
our passion appears to have gone;
Before the wine, no smile we don.
The candle has a heart
it grieves to see us part,
And sheds tears for us till dawn.
译文赏析：
通过细读以上这些诗歌，我们会发现翻译大师们在翻译诗歌的时候运用了大量的倒装句，因为他们不单要把意思翻译出来，他们也在追求句子的音韵美。以这首为例，作者用了倒装，如 no smile we don；同时精妙地选了一些意思精准且带韵脚的词，如 gone, don; heart, part 。在欣赏这些高手作品的时候，我们不得不为他们的玲珑心所叹服。
平日里，我自己也喜欢舞文弄墨，看见好的文字也喜欢毛遂自荐翻译出来。以下是我翻译的一首现代诗，一并分享出来。
乡愁
文迪
年轻，
意味着，
即使是顺着血管爬满全身
密密麻麻的乡愁，
也不能碾碎我们要去世界漂泊的心。
衣锦还乡纯真的梦想，
好男儿志在四方的叮咛，
支撑着我们，
越走，
距家乡越远，
越走，
离世界越近。
即使生活处处受到冷遇，
乡愁偶尔也会像洪水一样
吞噬我们的灵魂。
我们也绝不会让乡愁，
压断自己闯荡世界的勇气。
我们会一个人偷偷流泪，
我们会给爸爸妈妈写信，
我们也会就着明月送酒……
我们就是绝不回头，
去重新依附在故乡熟悉的身体上。
我们都知道，
乡愁，
是你，
是我，
去漂泊世界过程中
酝酿出的一坛最醇厚的老酒，
我们从不一饮而尽，
我们总是喜欢在中秋之际，
呷一口这坛老酒，
只是一点而已，
就醉了明月，
也醉了自己。
年轻，
为什么可以如此勇敢？
Homesickness
Youth is a period of time that we are so desperate to leave our homes and can’t wait to see the world with our own eyes, despite the fact that all our blood vessels are covered with homesickness, layer after layer. Motivated by a romantic dream of returning home someday after getting fame or money elsewhere, we keep telling us that we must be somebody someday. We end up traveling a far, far away from our hometown. The further we travel, the closer we are to the real world.
Cold shoulder and indifferent treatment are nothing new in our home-leaving journey. From time to time, our unfortunate souls are lost in the flood of homesickness, but we manage to move on. By no way should we allow homesickness to dampen our bravery for a great journey. We shed our tears when no one is seeing. We write letters to our beloved parents, and we drink wine when a full moon is our only companion. It is bound to be a journey of not returning back, and we are not supposed to return back to our hometowns.
We all know, homesickness is like a jar of full-bodied wine. This jar of wine is only made when we are going places. We never dash off a drink. Only on the moonlit Mid-autumn Festival day will we open this jar of wine and take a sip of it. It is such an intoxicating wine, and a little sip is good enough to get the moon and us drunk. Ah, we were that brave when days were young.
翻译体会：我老实承认，自己的功力不够，没有办法把英文处理成诗歌的模样，对音韵的处理也让我望而生畏。这首现代诗我更多是把意思处理完整。我花了大概两个小时弄这首诗歌的翻译，不停地翻字典，自己也学了很多东西，如：full-bodied wine指酒体饱满，香醇的美酒；结尾的when days were young 是一句英语的歌词，我套用了，因为更加耐人寻味；we keep telling us that we must be somebody someday. 自己也在尝试写一些耐嚼的句子。
祝好！希望这篇小文能给你带来思考与启发。您的点赞与转发对我们很重要。谢谢您，也祝您新年新进步。
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