【白皮书】《新时代的中国与世界》

新时代的中国与世界

China and the World in the New Era

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

The State Council Information Office of
the People’s Republic of China

（2019年9月）

September 2019

目录

Contents

前言

Preface

一、中国走出一条符合国情的发展道路

I. China Has Found a Development Path Suited to Its Actual Conditions

二、中国的发展是世界的机遇

II. China’s Development Is an Opportunity for the World

三、建设繁荣美好世界是各国人民的共同梦想

III.   A Prosperous and Beautiful World Is the Common Aspiration of All Peoples

四、中国为建设更加美好的世界贡献力量

IV.    China Contributes to a Better World

结束语

Conclusion

前言

Preface

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。

The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

70年来，在中国共产党领导下，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，创造了人类历史上前所未有的发展奇迹。中国用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的发展历程，经济总量跃居世界第二，近14亿人民摆脱了物质短缺，总体达到小康水平，享有前所未有的尊严和权利。这不仅是中国的巨大变化，也是人类社会的巨大进步，更是中国对世界和平与发展的巨大贡献。

Over the past 70 years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the PRC has witnessed profound changes and achieved a miracle of development unprecedented in human history. In just a few decades, China has completed a course that took developed countries several hundred years. China has now become the world’s second largest economy, taken care of the material needs of its nearly 1.4 billion people, and achieved moderate all-round prosperity. Its people enjoy dignity and rights previously unknown to them. This has brought tremendous change to China. It also represents remarkable progress for human society, and above all, a significant contribution on China’s part to world peace and development.

中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄的基本国情没有变，中国仍然面临一系列严峻挑战，中国人民还需要继续艰苦奋斗。

China remains the world’s largest developing country, with a large population and foundations that need to be further strengthened. Some of the fundamentals in China remain unchanged, and therefore China is still facing a raft of severe challenges. The Chinese people still have work to do.

当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，人类社会既充满希望，又充满挑战。世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化深入发展，和平与发展仍是时代主题，同时，全球深层次矛盾突出，不稳定性不确定性增多。构建人类命运共同体，建设更加美好的世界，是各国人民的共同愿望。

Today’s world is under going a level of profound change that has not been seen in a hundred years. Human society is full of both hope and challenges. Multipolarity, economic globalization, cultural diversity and information technology are extending their reach. Peace and development remain the themes of the times. At the same time, deep-seated problems are apparent throughout the world, with increasing instability and uncertainties. Building a global community of shared future and building a better world are the common aspirations of all peoples.

中国发展进入了新时代。中国对世界的影响，从未像今天这样全面、深刻、长远；世界对中国的关注，也从未像今天这样广泛、深切、聚焦。中国从哪里来、向哪里去？中国推动建设什么样的世界？发展起来的中国如何与世界相处？为回应外界关切，增进国际社会对中国发展的了解和理解，值此中华人民共和国成立70周年之际，中国政府发布此白皮书。

China has entered a new era of development. China now has an impact on the world that is ever more comprehensive, profound and long-lasting, and the world is paying ever greater attention to China. What path did China take? Where is China going? What are China’s goals in shaping the world? How will the developing China interact with the rest of the world? On the occasion of this 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to respond to the world’s questions about China, and to help the international community better understand China’s development.

一、中国走出一条符合国情的发展道路

I. China Has Found a Development Path 

中国是有着5000多年文明史的大国，历史上曾长期走在世界前列。近代以后，中国陷入积贫积弱、内忧外患甚至亡国亡种的危险境地。中国人民始终不屈不挠、奋力抗争，始终梦想实现国家富强、民族复兴、人民幸福。在中国共产党领导下，中国人民经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，在半殖民地半封建社会基础上建立起新中国，实现了民族独立和人民解放，中华民族进入了发展新纪元。70年来，中国人民艰辛探索、砥砺前行，在中华民族5000多年历史文化的传承中，在总结社会主义500年、近代以来中华民族由衰到盛170多年的经验教训基础上，在中国革命、建设和改革的伟大实践中，成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。

China is a large country with a 5,000-year-old civilization. Over a long period of history, it ranked among themost advanced countries in the world. In modern times, China was reduced to poverty and weakness, threatened by domestic strife and foreign aggression, and even confronted with complete demise. Through unrelenting struggle, the Chinese dream of prosperity and rejuvenation for their country, and happiness for the people. In 1949, under the CPC’s leadership, they founded the PRC, turning a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society into a completely new one, and achieving national independence and the liberation of the people. China then entered a new epoch of development. Over the past 70 years it has been moving forward against all odds, and exploring its path to development. Based on the 5,000-year-old Chinese culture, the experience and lessons from the birth of socialism, the fall-to-rise turn around of the Chinese nation in 170 years, and the history of revolution, construction and reform, the Chinese people have opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieved remarkable outcomes.

（一）中国发展靠的是自力更生、艰苦奋斗

1. China’s development lies in self-reliance and hard work

新中国成立之初，面对的是一个经历100多年战乱、满目疮痍的烂摊子，国家一穷二白，人民生活极端贫困，工农业基础十分薄弱，国民经济几近崩溃。中国人民求生存、谋发展，难度之大超出想象。70年来，中国人民白手起家、自力更生、艰苦奋斗，干出了一片新天地。

In the early days of the PRC, following acentury of war and chaos, the country and the people were in dire poverty, the industrial and agricultural foundations were weak, and the economy was on the verge of collapse. The people faced unimaginable difficulties in seeking survival and development. Over the seven decades that followed, through self-reliance and hard work they rebuilt the country from nothing,  and have opened up new horizons.

经济实力显著增强。从1952年至2018年，中国工业增加值从120亿元增加到305160亿元，按不变价格计算增长970倍，年均增长11%；国内生产总值从679亿元增加到90万亿元，按不变价计算增长174倍，年均增长8.1%；人均国内生产总值从119元增加到2018年的64644元，按不变价计算增长70倍。根据世界银行数据，按市场汇率计算，2018年中国经济规模为13.6万亿美元，仅次于美国的20.5万亿美元。

China’s economic strength has greatly increased. From 1952 to 2018, China’s industrial added value increased from RMB12 billion to RMB30.5 trillion, up 970 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 11 percent. GDP increased from RMB67.9 billion to RMB90 trillion, up 174 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 8.1 percent, and per capita GDP increased from RMB119 to RMB64, 644, up70 times at constant prices. According to World Bank statistics, at market exchange rates China’s economy in 2018 was worth US$13.6 trillion, second only to the US economy which was worth US$20.5 trillion. 

目前，中国是世界上唯一拥有联合国产业分类目录中所有工业门类的国家，多项工业品产量居世界第一。科技发展成就显著，“两弹一星”、载人航天、超级杂交水稻、高性能计算机、人工合成牛胰岛素、青蒿素、高速铁路等重大科技成果，为经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。

Currently, China is the only country that possesses all the sections in the United Nations’International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities(ISIC), with the output of many industrial products ranking first in the world. China has made remarkable progress in technology. Significant achievements such as nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles, manmade satellites, manned space flight, super hybrid rice, supercomputers, synthetic bovine insulin, artemisinin, and high-speed rail, have provided strong support for social and economic development. China’s foreign trade has been increasing constantly. 

对外贸易持续增加，2009年中国成为全球最大货物出口国、第二大货物进口国，2013年成为全球货物贸易第一大国。改革开放以来，中国引进外资大幅增加，日益成为吸引全球投资热土。中国已经成为世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、商品消费第二大国、外资流入第二大国、外汇储备第一大国（表1）。

In 2009, China became the world’s largest exporter of goods and second largest importer of goods; in 2013, China became the world’s largest trader in goods. Since reform and opening up in 1978, foreign investment in China has seen a substantial increase, and China has become very attractive to global investment. China has become the world’s second largest economy, largest manufacturer, largest trader in goods, second largest consumer of commodities, second largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI), and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves (see Table 1).

Table 1 Growth of China’s Economic Strength

注：由于字数受限，需要中文及英文全文的同学，请在公众号后台回复“中国世界白皮书”获取

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