美国制裁伊朗最大石化企业

A view of Tehran, Iran’s capital. 伊朗首都德黑兰 PHOTO: ROUZBEH FOULADI/ZUMA PRESS

The U.S. sanctioned one of Iran’s biggest petrochemical companies, hitting a top revenue earner as the Trump administration attempts to strong-arm Tehran into a new nuclear and security pact.

在特朗普政府试图强迫德黑兰签署一项新的核安全协议之际，美国制裁了伊朗最大也是收入最高的石化公司之一。

The Treasury Department added Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company and a network of 39 associated companies to its sanctions blacklist, saying the firm helps finance the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Iran’s elite military force recently designated by the U.S. as a terror group.

美国财政部将波斯湾石化工业公司（PGPIC）及其39家关联公司组成的海外销售网络列入制裁黑名单，理由是该公司为伊斯兰革命卫队(Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)提供资金支持。伊斯兰革命卫队是伊朗的精锐军事力量，最近被美国列为恐怖组织。

The administration’s decision last year to reimpose many sanctions against Iran has pushed Iran’s economy into multiyear contraction, fueling tensions many experts fear could spark war between the two nations and their regional allies, but has yet to persuade Tehran’s government into negotiations.

特朗普政府去年对伊朗重新实施多项制裁，导致伊朗经济陷入多年来的收缩。许多专家担心可能引发两国及其地区盟友之间战争的紧张局势，但美国政府尚未说服德黑兰政府进行谈判。

Iran’s mission to the United Nations didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment, but top officials in Tehran have vowed to fight the sanctions and said they would not succumb to what they say amounts to economic warfare. The Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company, or PGPIC, didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment. Its chief executive was quoted in Iranian press last month as saying the general sanctions against the sector had complicated its business transactions but had not affected exports.

伊朗驻联合国使团没有立即回应置评请求，但德黑兰高级官员誓言反对制裁，并表示他们不会屈服于他们所说的经济战争。这家波斯湾石化工业公司(PGPIC)没有立即回复置评请求。伊朗媒体上月援引该公司首席执行官的话称，针对该行业的制裁使其商业交易变得复杂化，但并未影响其出口。

Iran’s oil exports have already taken a nose dive as the administration pushes Tehran’s crude buyers around the world to stop importing. Besides slashing income from Iran’s most important sector, the U.S. has also hit the country’s other important industries, including banking, shipping, autos and metal exports.

随着特朗普政府敦促世界各地的德黑兰原油买家停止进口，伊朗的石油出口已经大幅下滑。除了削减伊朗最重要部门的收入之外，美国还打击了伊朗的其他重要行业，包括银行、航运、汽车和金属出口。

Iran’s petrochemical exports—the second most important to the economy after oil—had already been banned and many of the state-owned companies blacklisted under previous sanctions rounds. But by targeting other major operations by name, the administration is increasing the risk for the banks, insurers, shippers and traders helping to facilitate sales of products made from Iran’s crude oil and natural gas, such as fertilizers and key ingredients used to make laundry detergents, paper and rocket propellants.

伊朗的石化产品出口对经济的重要性仅次于石油，在此前的制裁中，许多伊朗国有企业已被列入黑名单。由于美国已瞄准与伊朗做生意的更多公司和金融机构，所以银行、保险、船运公司和贸易商等将面临更大的风险，如果销售的产品是由伊朗的原油和天然气生产的，比如化肥，以及用于制造洗涤剂、纸和火箭推进剂的关键材料等。

The Trump administration’s unsteady rhetoric towards Iran continues. WSJ's Gerald F. Seib explores what’s behind the conflicting messages. 特朗普政府对伊朗的不稳定言论仍在继续。《华尔街日报》的杰拉尔德•f•赛布(Gerald F. Seib)探究了这些相互矛盾的信息背后的原因。Photo: Getty

PGPIC and its group of subsidiary petrochemical companies hold 40% of Iran’s total petrochemical production capacity and are responsible for 50% of Iran’s total petrochemical exports, the Treasury said.

美国财政部说，PGPIC及其下属的石化公司集团拥有伊朗40%的石油化工总产能，占伊朗石油化工出口总额的50%。

Thirty-nine PGPIC subsidiaries and other associated companies were also blacklisted by the Treasury, including two companies based in the U.K. and the Philippines, NPC International and NPC Alliance Corporation. The Philippines firm did not immediately respond to a request for comment. A woman answering the phone at NPC International who said she was a manager at the company but wouldn’t give her name said the company had not been in violation of U.S. sanctions and wouldn’t violate them. She said she did not know the company had been blacklisted.

39家PGPIC子公司及其关联公司也被美国财政部列入黑名单，其中包括两家总部位于英国和菲律宾的公司，分别是NPC International和NPC Alliance Corporation。其中菲律宾公司没有立即回应置评请求。NPC International接听电话的一名女子说，她是该公司的一名经理，但不愿透露姓名。她说，该公司没有违反美国的制裁，也不会违反制裁。她说，她不知道该公司已被列入黑名单。

The risk of U.S. sanctions or other penalties facing companies will likely further cut Iran’s petrochemical sales. The petrochemical sanctions indicate that the Trump administration hasn’t eased off on its campaign of applying maximum economic pressure on the Iranian regime.

美国制裁或其他惩罚措施可能会进一步削减伊朗石化产品的销售。石化行业的制裁表明，特朗普政府并未放松对伊朗政权施加最大经济压力的行动。

The major challenge for the U.S. is to come up with more effective enforcement of its petrochemical sanctions. China, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Iraq, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan are the main importers of Iran’s petrochemical products. Many of the biggest importers are countries that have proved reluctant to abide by U.S. sanctions and have companies operating outside or on the periphery of the financial system through which the U.S. leverages its sanctions power.

美国面临的主要挑战是如何更有效地实施对伊朗石油化工产品的制裁。中国、阿联酋、土耳其、伊拉克、印度、阿富汗和巴基斯坦是伊朗石化产品的主要进口国。事实证明，许多主要的进口国都不愿遵守美国的制裁，并且在美国金融制裁体系之外运营。

点击“阅读原文”查看美国财政部制裁文件

By 

Ian Talley and 

Michael R. Gordon

Updated June 8, 2019 4:09 p.m. ET

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