古特雷斯到访乌克兰：在21世纪，战争是荒谬的！
当地时间4月28日，俄、乌冲突进入第64天。联合国秘书长古特雷斯抵达乌克兰首都基辅，与乌克兰总统泽连斯基举行了会晤。在随后举行的记者会上，古特雷斯将乌克兰描述为“难以忍受的心痛和痛苦的中心”，并誓言加强对遭受苦难的民众以及数百万流离失所者的支持。
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古特雷斯记者会讲话全文
President Zelenskyy, thank you very much for your warm welcome in these most difficult times.
Today, Ukraine is an epicenter of unbearable heartache and pain.
I witnessed that very vividly today around Kyiv: the senseless loss of life, the massive destruction, the unacceptable violations of human rights and the laws of war.
It is vital that the International Criminal Court and other UN mechanisms conduct their work so that there can be real accountability.
The position of the United Nations is clear.
As I said in Moscow, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a violation of its territorial integrity and of the Charter of the United Nations.
I am here to focus on ways on how the UN can expand support for the people of Ukraine, saving lives, reduce suffering and help find the path of peace.
I want the Ukrainian people to know that the world sees you, hears you, and is in awe of your resilience and resolve.
I also know that words of solidarity are not enough.
I am here to zero in on needs on the ground and scale up operations.
Let me be very clear. The Security Council failed to do everything in its power to prevent and end this war. This is a source of great disappointment, frustration and anger.
But the men and women of the United Nations are working every day for the people of Ukraine, side by side with so many brave Ukrainian organizations.
I salute the more than 1,400 staff of the UN — the vast majority of whom are Ukrainian nationals. They are on the ground in 9 operational hubs and 30 locations.
Many have been here from day one — and we have sent in additional personnel since then to serve the Ukrainian people.
They are engaged in an enormously complicated mission under difficult conditions.
This is one of the fastest scale-up operations we have ever undertaken, and we are very much aware that not everything is perfect. Whatever we can provide pales in comparison to the needs.
I am here to pledge that we will boost our efforts across the board – coordinating with the Ukrainian Government every step of the way.
Until now, we have provided life-saving humanitarian aid to 3.4 million people inside Ukraine – and we are aiming to more than double that number to 8.7 million by the end of August. Some recent estimates show a worst-case scenario in which some 25 million people could be in need of humanitarian assistance by the end of this year. We hope this scenario does not materialize but we are obliged to plan for it.
We are expanding our cash assistance – distributing $100 million per month, reaching 1.3 million people by May and covering 2 million by August.
This will be done in very close coordination with the Ukrainian Government.
This is not a typical humanitarian UN operation in a developing country, with lots of problems of governance and lots of difficulties. Ukraine is a country with a government and a system of support to its citizens, and so the role of the UN is not replace that system, it is to support the Government to support the people of Ukraine.
Our food aid has reached 2.3 million people, but we want to help 4 million by May and 6 million by June, and the plans will be implemented.
With more than 12 million Ukrainians who have fled their homes, we are supporting host countries that have generously received over 5 million refugees. But, more important, we are increasing our capacity to meet the needs of the 7.7 million that have been displaced inside the country based on the recent survey by the International Organization for Migration.
The World Health Organization is delivering medical supplies for trauma and emergency care for more than seven million people. We are also stepping up our vital efforts to extend urgent health care, emergency shelter, water and sanitation and to protect children and end gender-based violence, all in very close contact and very close coordination with the Ukrainian Government.
And we are advancing the work of accountability and justice by monitoring and reporting on human rights violations wherever they are detected.
Ladies and gentlemen of the press,
All this work is essential, but it doesn’t address the root cause of all this human suffering: the war itself.
This war must end, and peace must established in line the charter of the United Nations and international law.
Many leaders have made many good efforts to stop the fighting, though these efforts, so far, have not succeeded.
I am here to say to you, Mr. President, and to the people of Ukraine: We will not give up.
As we keep pushing for a full-scale ceasefire, we will also keep striving for immediate practical steps to save lives and reduce human suffering.
Effective humanitarian corridors. Local cessations of hostilities. Safe passage for civilian and supply routes.
Today, the people of Mariupol are in desperate need for just such an approach.
Mariupol is a crisis within a crisis.
Thousands of civilians need life-saving assistance.
Many are elderly, in need of medical care or have limited mobility.
They need an escape route out of the apocalypse.
During my visit to Moscow, President Putin agreed, in principle, to the involvement of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross in the evacuation of civilians from the Azovstal plant in Mariupol.
Today, President Zelenskyy and I had the opportunity to address this issue.
As we speak, there are in intense discussions to move forward on this proposal to make it a reality.
Finally, let me say that, in many ways, we are at ground zero for the world we need to build – a world of respect for international law, the UN Charter and the power of multilateralism, a world that protects civilians, a world that advances human rights, a world where leaders live up to the values that they have promised to uphold.
That, too, is a struggle – but it is one that we must win for the sake of every country, community and person around the world.
Thank you.
“我们不会放弃乌克兰人民”
©联合国图片
古特雷斯秘书长在发布会上告诉来自世界各地的记者：“我到这里访问的重点是联合国如何扩大对乌克兰人民的支持，拯救生命，减少痛苦，并帮助找到和平之路。”
“我希望乌克兰人民知道，世界看到你们，听到你们，并对你们的韧性和决心感到敬畏”。
古特雷斯指出：“我也知道只是团结的话语是不够的。我来这里是为了关注当地的需求并扩大行动规模。根据《联合国宪章》和国际法，这场战争必须结束，和平必须建立。”
“总统先生，我在这里要对你和乌克兰人民说：我们不会放弃。”
而就在新闻发布会后不久，据报道，两次导弹袭击震撼了乌克兰首都。这提醒人们战争远未结束，尽管俄罗斯宣布已从周围的郊区撤军。
另一方面，古特雷斯表示，被围困和摧毁的沿海城市马里乌波尔是“危机中的危机”。
“成千上万的平民需要救生援助。许多人是老人，需要医疗护理或行动不便。他们需要一条逃离世界末日的路线。”
他表示，在本周二与俄罗斯总统普京的会晤中，双方“原则上”同意让联合国和红十字会参与帮助平民撤离。
联合国将采取更多支持行动
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古特雷斯表示，考虑到俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵明显侵犯了乌克兰领土完整和《联合国宪章》，安理会辜负了防止或结束战争这一主要宗旨使命；这使人们产生了巨大的失望、沮丧和愤怒。
他说，“但是，联合国的工作人员每天都在为乌克兰人民工作，与如此之多的勇敢的乌克兰组织并肩工作。我向1400多名联合国驻地工作人员致敬，其中绝大多数是乌克兰国民。他们分布在9个行动中心和30个地点。”
古特雷斯称，复杂的援助任务是“联合国有史以来规模最大的行动之一，我们非常清楚，并非一切都是完美的。与需求相比，我们所能提供的相形见绌。”
“这不是典型的联合国在发展中国家的人道主义行动，有很多管理问题和困难。乌克兰是一个拥有政府和支持其公民的系统的国家，因此联合国的作用不是取代该系统，而是支持政府向乌克兰人民提供支持。”
但古特雷斯承诺将“全面”采取更多行动，与乌克兰政府协调每一个步骤。
他表示，拯救生命的人道主义援助已经送达乌克兰境内的340万人，而联合国的目标是到8月底将这一数字增加一倍以上，达到870万人。
同时，现金援助正在扩大——联合国每月分发1亿美元，目标是在5月底之前惠及130万人，在8月之前覆盖200万人。食品援助也已经送达230万人，目标是到5月份帮助400万人，到6月份帮助600万人。
联合国将增加能力，以满足乌克兰境内770万流离失所者的需求，而世界卫生组织正在为700多万人提供创伤和紧急护理医疗用品。
最后，古特雷斯告诉记者，“从许多方面来说，我们需要建设的世界正处于零起点——一个尊重国际法、《联合国宪章》和多边主义力量的世界，一个保护平民的世界，一个促进人权的世界，一个领导人践行他们承诺维护的价值观的世界。”
秘书长视察乌克兰战争废墟
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在与乌克兰总统泽连斯基和外长库列巴举行会谈之前，古特雷斯秘书长首先访问了乌克兰基辅郊区博罗江卡、布恰和伊尔平等涉嫌发生战争罪罪行的地点；他谴责针对平民袭击的“邪恶”行为，并敦促俄罗斯“同意配合”国际刑事法院正在进行的调查。
古特雷斯在布恰说，“当我们看到这个可怕的现场时，它让我感到彻底调查和追究责任是多么重要。”
而在基辅西北的博罗江卡，古特雷斯勘察了被摧毁的建筑，指出这场战争是“荒谬的”。
他说：“我必须说出我的感受。我想象我的家人住在那些现在已经被摧毁的黑暗房子里，我看到我的孙女们惊慌地逃跑，一部分家庭成员最终被杀害。所以，这场战争在21世纪是荒谬的。战争是邪恶的。”
在伊尔平，古特雷斯参观了被摧毁的一个住宅区。他说，“可怕的情景表明了一个不幸的事实：平民总是付出最高的代价”。
在古特雷斯返回基辅后，联合国驻乌克兰发言人克里斯·雅诺斯基（Kris Janowski）表示，“访问这些地方是一次悲伤和令人震惊的经历，它们受到了严重破坏，人们因所发生的一切受到了创伤。”
“在博罗江卡，秘书长与该地区的州长谈过话；他说，尽管人们正在陆续返回，但他们仍然在一些房子里寻找尸体。”
“带我们前往基辅郊区的联合国安全司机碰巧也来自萨拉热窝，这使我们这些曾经在那里工作过的人回忆起那些令人不安的日子。在波斯尼亚战争和不同的冲突之后，我从未想到在我有生之年会在如此靠近欧洲心脏的地方再次看到这种破坏。”
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正义必须得到伸张
国际刑事法院检察官卡里姆·汗（Karim Khan）赞同秘书长为乌克兰暴行受害者伸张正义的呼吁，表示在寻求真相的过程中，他既不偏袒俄罗斯，也不偏袒乌克兰。
他对记者说：“现在不是空谈的时候，而是采取行动的时候。国际法不能成为被动的旁观者。它不能静止不动，它需要敏捷地行动，保护并坚持问责。”
“法律凌驾于我们之上，如果法律不凌驾于我们之上，我们将面对空无，身下只有万丈深渊。”
在43个缔约国提出请求后，卡里姆·汗于3月2日启动了对可能的战争罪和危害人类罪的调查。调查的重点是“2013年11月21日以来在乌克兰局势中犯下的被控罪行”。
卡里姆·汗称，自调查开始以来，一个由分析人员、人类学家和调查人员组成的团队已经勘察了乌克兰的几个地点，包括利沃夫、基辅和布恰。
监制：程浩
责任编辑：崔乐怡
实习编辑：张子浩
资料来源：联合国新闻