未来，博物馆如何定义？（第二期）

弘博网弘博网 2021-09-26

在2007年8月24日于奥地利维也纳召开的国际博物馆协会第22届会员大会上通过的《国际博物馆协会章程》中，曾对博物馆做出如下定义：“博物馆是一个为社会及其发展服务的、向公众开放的非营利性常设机构，为教育、研究、欣赏的目的征集、保护、研究、传播并展出人类及人类环境的物质与非物质遗产。”十余年来，这条定义一直被国际社会视为博物馆建设的重要参考，为各地博物馆的发展方针提供指导。

而面对近几十年来博物馆界发生的巨大变化，作为博物馆发展的指导性纲领，现有的博物馆定义似乎已落后于时代，无法反映目前博物馆的挑战、前景与责任。因此，国际博协（ICOM）邀请协会成员与其他相关成员共同参与博物馆新定义的提案，以制定一个全新的、更符合当下的博物馆定义。参与者可以2019年5月20日之前在国际博协官网的表格上提交新定义的提案，新提案也将官网上持续发布。最终，新定义将于2019年9月在第25届京都国际博协大会上讨论与决定。

往期文章中，弘博网曾对已有的定义提案进行选译。目前，官网上递交的关于新定义的提案已达到90条，许多新颖的观点也频频涌现。小编选择了一些更新的提案进行翻译，希望对大家有所启发。小编水平有限，疏漏之处还请大家指正。关注最新提案，请点击文章末尾的“阅读原文”前往ICOM官网进行浏览。

来自各国的提案

澳大利亚

博物馆可以是实际存在的或者概念上的，包括存在于网络上。博物馆这一独特的设施，以成百上千种方式收集、保存、记录、研究、传递着物质与非物质文化遗产、历史、科学与艺术。更重要的是，博物馆是创造知识、汇集人类认同、确立文化规约之所，同时也向着更加多样性的未来发起挑战。

Museums are unique physical and conceptual sites, including online, that collect, preserve, document, research, and communicate tangible and intangible cultural heritage, history, science, and art in a myriad of ways. More than this they are important sites of knowledge production and play a role in how collectives of people identify and re/affirm cultural norms and at the same time are well placed to challenge them for a more diverse future.

墨西哥

博物馆是一个实际存在的或者虚拟的活跃空间，通过保护与宣传具有历史意义的物品诠释着整个社会。

The museum is an active (physical or digital) space that articulates society through the care and dissemination of objects of historical importance.

也门

博物馆不仅仅是保存和展示纪念物的机构，而是沟通过去与未来的链接，我们通过它鉴古知今。

Museum is no longer an institution to preserve and display monuments only but is a link between the past and the future through which we draw a picture of the past and take lessons for the present.

印度

博物馆提供了一个就各种形式的遗产进行对话交流的平台。这个非正式学习的中心欢迎所有与其息息相关的人们前往。作为一个实体或者虚拟的空间，博物馆促进了人们的智力、审美与科学认知，并为我们挑战旧有的叙述提供了途径。博物馆是理智与情感的一种精妙的融合。

A museum is an institution which provides a platform for dialogue with heritage in all its expression. It is a centre of non formal learning which ideally should be accessible to all its stakeholders. As a space, physical or virtual, a museum stimulates one intellectually , aesthetically , scientifically and provides an avenue to challenge pre-existing narratives. A museum symbolises an intriguing fusion of intellect and emotions.

厄瓜多尔

博物馆的存在超越时空的界限，它保存与展示有形与无形的生命之证，并以新的问题启迪当代与未来。它提供具有普世价值的体验，这使他游离于极端思想、狭隘观点与区域独裁主义之外。博物馆得益于透明的公共或者私人资助，面向全体公众开放，接收与汲取来自社会各界的反馈。

A museum is a timeless portal where the managers preserve and exhibit tangible and intangible assets that give testimonies of life, and that pose questions about the present and the future. It is a generator of experiences that communicate universal values, therefore, it dissociates itself from extreme ideologies, closed subjectivities or local authoritarianisms. It is nourished circularly by public and private funds with transparency in order to offer accessibility to all publics and to receive feedback by implementing the voices of the most diverse identities in their speeches.

秘鲁

公众在博物馆内得以在当地社会以及全球的视野下认识与了解自身。博物馆通过各种具有吸引力的方式，使我们在文化长河中贴近历史、民俗、传统、地域与工艺。而如今的博物馆更是科技的集合，更多的互动空间使我们能够进行实验操作，理解不同的进程与现象，同时也引领我们更加贴近我们规划的目标。互动项目在促进学习与积极反馈中具有重要价值。

A museum is a space for citizen encounters that allows us to know and recognize ourselves as part of a local and global community. It brings us closer to the history, customs, traditions, geographical spaces and technologies of a culture, through different strategies that make it attractive. However, today museums are also spaces of scientific appropriation, more interactive spaces that allow us to experiment and understand different processes and phenomena that also bring us closer to what we are and project ourselves towards what we want to be. The interactive is gaining an important value for learning and active reflection.

意大利

（博物馆的）存在机制是对风景与视野的凝练。

the mechanism for distilling visions.

挪威

博物馆是进行非正式的终生学习的基础性公共设施，其重要意义远超于其营利目的。来到博物馆的人们虽出身于社会的不同阶层，有着各种各样的经历与专长，但却共同参与了对人类共享的自然环境与文化遗产的遗证的保护与探索，共同构想了一个更加和谐、平等、可持续的未来。博物馆与其受众一同构建了当地与全球的合作网络，为社会与政治环境的改进提供框架。

Museums are fundamentally public spaces for lifelong informal learning that value that mission over commercial goals such as profit. Within museums, people from different parts of society, with diverse kinds of experience and expertise, join in the collaborative preservation and exploration of evidence of a shared natural and cultural heritage and the creative imagining of a more peaceful, equal and sustainable future. Together, museums and their many stakeholders form local and global networks that can provide scaffolding for positive social and political change.

阿根廷

博物馆所构成的时空，通过实物与故事所带来的多种多样的体验，供参观者进行怀疑、好奇、交流与学习，同时吸引公众对于保护、教育和向殖民地自治化的社会转型的知识、以及对于文化与知识多样性的关注与思考。

A museum is a time space for wonder, curiosity, communication and learning through multiple and diverse experiences created and reproduced from objects / materialities and stories put into tension and attention for conservation, education and social transformation towards a decoloniality of knowledge and knowledge that ponder cultural and epistemic diversity.

哥伦比亚

21世纪的博物馆对于社会群体必须包含文化真实性，而这不仅仅限于物质层面；博物馆将暂时的、长久的公众情感重新连接成网络。

The 21st century museum must contain the cultural authenticity of societies that go beyond the material; it is a network that reconnects the temporary and permanent to the common sensibility.

克罗地亚

理想状态的博物馆应是一个独立自营的机构，服务于社会及其发展，面向公众开放，为教育、研究、欣赏的目的征集、保护、数字化、研究、交流与展示人类及人类环境的物质与非物质遗产。它的使命是尽可能客观、环保、展示人类遗产并尽可能发挥典范作用。

The museum is (ideally) a self-sustaining institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, digitizes, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment. Its mission is to present heritage objectively, to be environmentally friendly and to try to be as exemplary in any way as possible.

英国

博物馆使见识浅薄的人类得以一窥真实的世界。

A museum is a word about which people with little experience of the real world navel gaze.

新的提案既有在原定义基础上进行的补充，又有推陈出新的独特观点，还有对博物馆富有哲思的阐释。不知各位读者对于新时代博物馆的定义有什么与众不同的看法与别出心裁的理解？欢迎大家广泛参与提交提案，为博物馆的新定义贡献思维的火花。

来源：国际博物馆协会官网

翻译：Naranja

编辑：oneman# 争渡

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