中英文字幕：踝关节扭伤（Ankle Sprains）

        踝关节扭伤是常见的骨科外伤疾病，扭伤时，在踝关节周围可出现疼痛和肿胀，甚至出现淤斑，并伴有踝关节活动受限或行走困难。踝关节扭伤轻者韧带拉松或部分撕裂；重者则韧带完全断裂，并可伴有踝关节半脱位和骨折脱位。 

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Ankle Sprains

踝关节扭伤

Overview（概述）

Ligaments are fibrous, elastic bands of tissue that connect and stabilize the bones. An ankle sprain is a common, painful injury that occurs when one or more of the ankle ligaments is stretched beyond the normal range of motion. Sprains can occur as a result of sudden twisting, turning or rolling movements.

　　韧带是一种富有弹性纤维结缔组织，起连接和稳定骨骼的作用。踝关节扭伤是一种常见的疼痛性损伤，常常发生在当一条或多条踝韧带被拉伸超出正常的活动范围时。突然的扭曲、转弯或者滚动等动作，可能会造成踝关节扭伤。

Lateral Inversion Sprains（外侧内翻扭伤）

Ankle sprains are categorized by the type of motion that causes the injury. The most common type, called a lateral inversion sprain, occurs when the foot rolls inward. This causes injury to the ligaments

on the outer side of the ankle, especially the anterior talofibular ligament.

　　踝关节扭伤是根据造成损伤的运动方式进行分类的。最常见的类型称为外侧内翻扭伤，发生在脚向内旋转时。这会导致踝关节外侧的韧带损伤，尤其是前距腓韧带。

Medial Eversion Sprains（内侧外翻扭伤）

A second type of sprain, called a medial eversion sprain, occurs when the foot rolls outward. This type of sprain causes injury to the ligaments on the inner side of the ankle.

　　第二类扭伤，称为内侧外翻扭伤，发生在脚向外旋转时。这类扭伤会造成踝关节内侧韧带的损伤。

Syndesmosis (High Ankle) Sprains（胫腓联合/高位踝关节扭伤）

The least common type of sprain is called a syndesmosis (or "high ankle") sprain. This type of sprain occurs when the foot rolls outward and the leg turns inward.

　　胫腓联合扭伤（高位踝关节扭伤）是很少见的类型。这类扭伤发生在脚向外侧旋转的同时腿向内侧转动。

Symptoms（症状）

Symptoms of an ankle sprain vary depend on the degree of ligament damage. Sprains are ranked in three degrees. A first degree sprain is a slight stretching of one or more ligaments. This results in mild tenderness. A second degree sprain is a partial tearing that results in moderate tenderness and swelling. The ankle may have some instability. A third degree sprain, the most severe, is a complete ligament tear. This results in severe pain, swelling and ankle instability.

　　踝关节扭伤的症状取决于韧带损伤的程度。扭伤分级为三度。一度扭伤见于一条或多条韧带轻度拉伸，引起轻度压痛。二度扭伤见于部分撕裂，引起中度压痛和肿胀，踝关节可能出现一些不稳。三度扭伤，也是最严重的，韧带彻底撕裂，会引起剧烈疼痛、肿胀和踝关节不稳定。

Treatment（治疗）

Treatment for an ankle sprain depends on the severity of the injury. Treatment usually begins with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A first degree sprain typically requires a bandage wrap. A second degree sprain may require an ankle brace. A third degree sprain may require a cast or walking boot. As the ankle heals, all patients typically benefit from rehabilitation exercises. Surgery is not usually

needed.

　　踝关节扭伤的治疗取决于受伤的严重程度。早期处理包括休息、冰敷、加压和腿部抬高。一度扭伤通常需要绷带包裹。二度扭伤可能需要踝关节支具。三度扭伤可能需要石膏或步行靴。随着踝关节的愈合，所有患者通常可得益于康复锻炼。一般不需要手术治疗。

（韩健勇    译）

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