中英文字幕：拇外翻/拇囊炎（Bunion）

      拇外翻畸形是指拇趾在第一跖趾关节处向外侧偏斜移位。拇外翻是一种复杂的解剖畸形，并且在治疗上具一定挑战性。拇囊是指在拇外翻畸形中出现的明显的内侧突起，但一般情况下这两个名词可互换使用。拇外翻是累及拇趾的最常见的病变，多见于中老年妇女，最常发生在有遗传倾向加上长时间穿不合适的鞋子的人，不合适的鞋子会对拇趾施加异常压力。

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Bunion

拇外翻/拇囊炎

Overview（概述）

This deformity affects the joint at the base of the big toe. It is a bony bump beneath the skin on the inner side of the foot. A bunion starts small, but over time it can grow to become very large. Bunions are more common in women.

　　拇囊炎影响大脚趾基底部的关节。它是脚内侧皮下的一个骨性凸起。拇囊炎刚开始较小，但随着时间的推移，它可以变得很大。拇囊炎在女性中更为常见。

Causes（原因）

A bunion develops because of a pressure imbalance in your foot. This imbalance makes your toe joint unstable. The bones of your big toe begin to shift and angle in toward your second toe. Constant pressure causes the head of your metatarsal (the bone at the base of your toe) to become irritated. It gradually enlarges, forming a bump.

　　拇囊炎的形成是由于脚的受力不平衡造成的。这种不平衡使你的脚趾关节不稳定。你的大脚趾的骨头开始向你的第二脚趾移位并形成角度。持续不断的压力导致你的跖骨（这骨头位于脚趾的近）的头部受到刺激，它慢慢增大，形成凸起。

Risk Factors（危险因素）

Wearing high heeled shoes, and wearing shoes that are too tight or too narrow increases your risk for developing bunions. Bunions have also been linked to problems with the structure of your foot, and to arthritis.

　　穿高跟鞋，穿太紧或过窄的鞋子会增加发生拇囊炎的风险。拇囊炎还和足部的结构异常和关节炎有关。

Symptoms（症状）

The most obvious symptom of a bunion is a visible bump at the base of your big toe. You may experience pain, swelling and redness around the affected joint. The skin may thicken. Your big toe may angle inward. It may overlap or tuck under your other toes. This can result in corns or calluses.

　　拇囊炎最明显的症状是位于大脚趾基底部肉眼可见的凸起。受累关节周围会出现疼痛、肿胀和发红，皮肤增厚，大脚趾向内成角，会和其他脚趾重叠或错乱挤压，还有可能导致鸡眼或胼胝。

Treatment（治疗）

Treatment options depend on the severity of your bunion. You may benefit from shoes that give your toes more space. You may benefit from pads or orthotic devices. You may benefit from medications to control pain and swelling, and from applying ice to your bunion. If these methods are not helpful, a surgical procedure may be needed. Your healthcare provider can create a care plan that is right for your needs.

　　治疗方案取决于拇囊炎的严重程度。穿宽松的鞋子给你的脚趾更多的空间，矫形鞋垫或者矫形器，控制疼痛与肿胀的药物，冰敷也有所帮助。如果这些都没效果，可能需要手术。你的健康顾问可以为你制定一份适合你需求的保健方案。

（韩健勇    译）

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