知乎APP被下架7天 | 社媒大事记（02.26-03.04）

「 知乎方面回应称，将尽快调整上架 」

作者 | 初见

编辑 | 珲哥

本周头条

知乎APP被下架7天

时间：3.2

来源：网易、搜狐等

北京市网信办3月2日发布通知称，知乎平台因管理不严，传播违法违规信息，根据相关法律法规，各应用商店下架知乎APP七天。

目前，各大安卓应用市场内已经无法搜索知乎APP，苹果App Store商店中仍然能搜到，但无法下载。

知乎方面对此回应，将尽快调整上架。

知乎同时表示，已经下载使用知乎APP的用户，不受影响。

同时，豆瓣八组也凉了，改名为豆瓣鹅组并且全体禁言三天。

△图片来源：sohu.com

国内事记

一、微信朋友圈疑似屏蔽今日头条内容

时间：3.2

来源：观媒

观媒微博称，多位网友爆料，目前，微信朋友圈分享来自今日头条的链接仅本人可见，他人无法正常查看上述分享动作。

△图片来源：weibo.com

此类BUG已经不是第一次出现了，2017年3月也曾发生过同样的事情。据钛媒体报道，微信用户通过“今日头条”APP分享至朋友圈的操作是正常的，“转发”行为也不会有任何阻碍与提示，但转发到朋友圈的内容，却如同“人间蒸发”一般。

而微信和今日头条的厮杀早在2015年就已经展开，当时双方互相屏蔽，当用户把今日头条上的文章分享到微信上，会出现“您未安装微信”的提醒，而在微信上要打开来自今日头条的链接，则被转跳到“本机未安装今日头条客户端，无法打开该应用”的页面。

对此腾讯回应，这些链接所使用的域名近期违反了相关规定，严重影响朋友圈、群聊等功能的用户体验，因此，2018年2月11日起，微信对相关违规线上活动在朋友圈的传播进行了限制。

二、周鸿祎：保护互联网用户隐私缺乏法律规范

时间：3.2

来源：凤凰、新浪等

全国政协委员、360董事长周鸿祎在全国“两会”记者会上表示，希望国家明确网民的数据所有权与使用权、公司的数据收集权限、数据使用规范等。公司在使用数据前，应满足用户的知情权和选择权，有责任对用户数据进行加密保存。目前，国家没有对这方面进行立法，互联网公司基本都把手上的网民数据当作自己的，想怎么用就怎么用。

三、《厉害了，我的国》票房三天将近九千万 导演：讲述平凡人的故事

时间：3.4

来源：央广、凤凰网、网易等

据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道，由中央电视台和中国电影股份有限公司联合出品的电影《厉害了，我的国》，上映三天票房接近9000万。这部反映党的十八大以来中国的发展和成就、反映习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的纪录片，受到了全国观众的喜爱。

中国桥、中国路、中国车、中国港、中国网，《厉害了，我的国》中选取了十八大以来众多非凡的超级工程，还展示了人类历史上最大的射电望远镜FAST、全球最大的海上钻井平台“蓝鲸2号”、磁悬浮列车研发、5G技术等引领人们走向新时代的里程碑式的科研成果。影片导演卫铁介绍，从筹备到成片，纪录片《厉害了，我的国》用了一年的时间，这其中用了一些新闻素材，也从人民群众当中搜集了许多素材。

影片中，除了展示了党的十八大以来在创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念下中国取得的历史性成就，更是将每一个坚守岗位凝聚成鲜活的个体故事娓娓道来。从港珠澳大桥总工程师林鸣，到中建利比亚分公司的总经理张作合，再到福建民营企业家陈德启……这些人身上，既有中国这些年来快速发展的轨迹，也有自己和身边亲友的影子。

卫铁说：“尤其在叙述平凡的英雄的时候，我们让人物自己出来表达，让人物从幕后走到幕前，讲述他们自己的故事。”

四、微博上线评论先审后放功能

时间：2.28

来源：新浪微博

微博管理员发布公告称，为了提高评论审核的效率，有效管理微博评论，微博面向头部用户和正式会员用户开通评论审核的功能。（头部用户已开通，正式会员用户明天开通）开放此功能的网友可对自己微博下的评论实现评论先审后放，即收到的评论不会直接在前台显示，只有通过审核的才能显示。

△图片来源：weibo.com

五、传百度副总裁李叫兽被架空，李叫兽回应：不存在的

时间：2.27

来源：脉脉、李叫兽等

据脉脉爆料，百度副总裁李叫兽被架空，下面的团队整体解散或者独立，内部转岗。

△图片来源：脉脉

闻讯赶来的李叫兽于2月28日上午发了一条朋友圈，回应“被架空”：“我被调到信息流做用户产品，团队一切正常并在不断加强。”他还说，有人用假消息来搞小动作，不要被外界干扰。

△图片来源：李叫兽

六、快播王欣出狱后在微博首发声

时间：3.2

来源：凤凰、搜狐、新浪等

快播王欣出狱后在微博首发声 网友的评论炸了新浪科技讯 3月2日上午消息，上个月刑满出狱的快播创始人王欣今日发布微博称，“创新的本质就是要做自己认为自己做不到的事。”微博配图为一张音乐播放器的照片，显示正在播放音乐《难忘初恋的情人》。

△图片来源：weibo.com

有媒体猜测，王欣或将重新创业，但具体项目暂时不得而知。有网友在微博评论称“王总，我欠你一个会员。你甭管做什么我都会买。可以先众筹吗，我也不知道您要做啥，可以先开启众筹吗”。

国外事记

一、MIT study shows how much driving for Uber or Lyft sucks

时间：3.2

来源：TechCrunch

Ride-hailing giants Uber and Lyft are delivering pitiful levels of take-home pay to the hundreds of thousands of US independent contractors providing their own vehicles and driving skills to deliver the core service, according to an MIT CEEPR study examining the economics of the two app platforms.

The report catalyses the debate about conditions for workers on gig economy platforms, and raises serious questions about the wider societal impacts of tax avoiding, VC-funded tech giants.

The study, entitled The Economics of Ride-Hailing: Driver Revenue, Expenses and Taxes, and which was carried out by the MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, surveyed more than 1,100 Uber and Lyft ride-hailing drivers combined with detailed vehicle cost information — factoring in costs such as fuel, insurance, maintenance and repairs — to come up with a median profit per hour worked.

The upshot? The researchers found profit from ride-hail driving to be “very low”. On an hourly basis, the median profit was $3.37 per hour, with 74% of drivers earning less than the minimum wage in the state where they operate.

They also found a median driver generates $0.59 per mile of driving but incurs costs of $0.30 per mile; and almost a third (30 per cent) of drivers were found to incur expenses exceeding their revenue or to be losing money for every mile they drive.

△图片来源：techcrunch

The research also looked at how ride-hailing profits are taxed, and suggests that in the US a majority of driver profits are going untaxed owing to how mileage deduction is handled for tax purposes — suggesting Uber and Lyft’s business are denuding the public purse too.

二、Oscars voting, explained

时间：3.4

来源：Mashable

If there are two words that appear every Oscars season, they're "snub" and "upset."

Whether it's through movies left off the list of Oscars nominees or shocking wins at the actual awards ceremony, the Academy Awards can leaving viewers asking "Just who is picking these damn winners?!"

The good news is that the Academy has in place an elaborate system in order to try to properly select and honor the best movies each year. The bad news is that it's super, super complicated. This year's rule book is 35 pages alone.

But as they say, knowledge is power. So here's a beginner's guide to how Oscars voting works.

The Basics

The Oscars winners are selected through a two step process. First members of the Academy vote on all eligible movies to create a list of finalists, better known as the list of Oscar nominees. Those nominees are typically announced in January.

Then, from that list of nominees, Academy members vote on the finalists and declare a winner in the Oscars telecast we've all come to know and love.

Which movies are eligible to win an Oscar?

To be eligible to be nominated and win, though, movies must adhere to a set of basic rules and guidelines that apply to most categories.

For example, movies must be feature length (which the Academy says is over 40 minutes), unless otherwise noted, and movies must have a "qualifying run of at least seven consecutive days, during which period screenings must occur at least three times daily, with at least one screening beginning between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. daily." Also, movies have to have a showing in Los Angeles County, unless otherwise noted.

Of course, these rules don't necessarily apply to all categories. For instance, movies nominated in the short film category don't have to be 40 minutes. Eligibility rules vary outside of general categories. You can check the Academy's guidelines here.

△图片来源：getty images

Who Votes?

All voting for the Oscars — whether that's voting for a movie to be an Oscars nominee in a particular category or voting to find the winner from the announced list of nominees— is conducted by active and lifetime Academy members.

In 2016, however, the Academy's president Cheryl Boone Isaacs announced rules dictating who could be considered an active member. Under the new rules, Academy members are only considered active if they've worked in or for at least one motion picture in the 10 years prior to voting. If an Academy member has been active during three 10-year terms, then that Academy member will receive lifetime Oscars voting rights. Any Academy member who has won or been nominated for an Oscar also receives lifetime voting rights.

In January 2017, there were close to 7,000 voting members of the Academy, according to Variety.

So if you're an active Academy member, you get to choose who wins an Oscar?

Well, sort of.

If you're an active or lifetime member, you're allowed to vote. However, to come up with the list of nominees, generally, individual branches vote for nominees within their field. So if you're a costume designer, you nominate costume designers, if you're an sound engineer, you nominate sound engineers.

The idea is to leave the nominating process to the professionals in that particular genre.

In certain categories, however, all members can nominate their favorites. Best Animated Feature is one example. The category was actually restricted in the past, but recently, it moved to open voting for all members, which is how The Boss Baby became an Oscar-nominated movie.

The Boss Baby is an Oscar-nominated movie?!

I know! Ain't that some bull -ish!?!

Ugh! Anyway, how do you become an Academy member? 

The process of becoming an Academy member, and thereby gaining the ability to vote on the Oscars movies, is a tricky one. One does not simplyapply for membership. 

Instead, you have to be sponsored by someone who is already a member of the academy. 

"The Academy’s membership process is by sponsorship, not application," theOscars' Academy Membership website explains. "Candidates must be sponsored by two Academy members from the branch to which the candidate seeks admission.

And the Academy advises, "Sponsoring a candidate for membership in the Academy is a serious commitment. Please make sure you are confident the candidate has truly 'demonstrated exceptional achievement in the field of theatrical motion pictures' before you agree to sponsor an individual."

So the Academy just chooses a bunch of people they want to join?

Yes. But there are a bunch of rules. (Seeing a trend here??)

To curtail a flooding of Academy membership candidates, the Oscars has put two rules in place. First, members may only sponsor one candidate each year. Second, members can only sponsor candidates in their own branch out of the 17 branches of the Academy. In other words, a member of the Actors branch can't nominate someone to be in the Costume Designers branch.

Tl;Dr: It's hard AF to become a new member.

On top of that, each branch has its own set of requirements. For instance, to be a candidate for membership in the Actors branch, a candidate must "have a minimum of three theatrical feature film credits, in all of which the roles played were scripted roles, one of which was released in the past five years, and all of which are of a caliber that reflect the high standards of the Academy" while to be eligible to be a voting member in the Costume Design branch, you must "have screen credits as Costume Designer on at least four feature films of a caliber which, in the opinion of the executive committee, reflect the high standards of the Academy."

And the list goes on and on and on for each branch.

This is gett 56 38490 56 21645 0 0 6461 0 0:00:05 0:00:03 0:00:02 6461ing pretty difficult...

Mmmhhhmmm. And in addition to aaaallll of that, there is only a brief window when one can become a new member. The membership review period is open only once a year, typically in the spring.

TL;DR: It's hard AF to become a new member.

Okay, so if you do manage to get sponsored to become a member, then what happens?

After that, all eligible Academy candidates are reviewed by the Academy's Board of Governors. If approved, the candidate will receive an invitation to become a member.

Sounds kinda clique-y

Yeah, that's one way of putting it. Because you have to be nominated by previous Academy members, the Academy can be a bit "exclusive." And by "exclusive," we mean the Academy has frequently been accused of not acknowledging and celebrating the diversity of talent in the film world. That's what inspired #OscarsSoWhite.

Remind me again? What was #OscarsSoWhite?

#OscarsSoWhite was a campaign created by April Reign to highlight the lack of diversity in Hollywood, and specifically the Oscars. The campaign was inspired by the 2015 list of Oscars nominees, which notably included no actors of color in four major awards categories: Best Lead Actor, Best Lead Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress. There were also pretty big snubs, including a lack of Best Director nomination for Ava DuVernay who directed Selma.

So what are they going to do about it?

Well the aforementioned change to which Academy members have voting rights were implemented to try to prevent another #OscarsSoWhite. The Academy also appointed new governors to the Academy's Board (which again, approves new members) and the Academy committed to doubling the number of women and minorities in the Academy over the course of four years.

In addition to the rule changes, The Oscars has invited over 700 industry professionals to become new members of the Academy in the past few years. Many of the people who received invitations were women or people of color, including Dwayne Johnson, Gal Gadot, and Janelle Monaé.

Okay, so we have our Academy voting body, and they propose a movie. Then what happens?

To suggest a movie, Academy members receive a ballot where they list their top 5 favorite movies in a particular category. After a bunch of movies are proposed, the Academy needs to figure out which movies can be an official Oscars nominee.

To become an official nominee, a movie has to be nominated as a first choice pick in a particular category on at least one ballot. Then the movie has to reach "a magic number."

"A Magic Number"?

According to People, the magic number "is calculated by taking the total number of ballots received for that category and dividing them by the number of possible nominees plus one, and then rounding it up to the nearest whole number. (If the initial result happens to yield a whole number, then 1 is automatically added.)"

Once a movie reaches that magic number, then it is eligible to be an Oscars nominee. The next step is to whittle down the list of eligible movies to fit the number of finalists allowed in a particular category.

To do that, the Academy uses something called preferential voting.

Preferential voting?! Dear god this is a lot!

You're telling me! According to an LA Times explainer, in preferential voting,"A film needs more than half the votes to win. If no film gets more than half of the No. 1 picks, the nominee with the fewest is thrown out. Those ballots are then given to the remaining nominees according to the voters' No. 2 choice." Repeat that process until you have your top movies for the nominee list.

So no we have our list of nominees. Now how do they actually vote on the winner?

Oscars winners are voted on by secret ballot, which can be submitted either on paper or online. You can check out a sample ballot here.

So then they just tally the votes and may the best movie win?

For the most part. Most categories are chosen by tallying up all of the votes received, and the nominee with the largest amount of vote wins.

The voting process for Best Picture is a bit trickier. For Best Picture, votes go through the preferential voting system outlined above, where movies have to receive more than half the vote to win, and losing movies are knocked out one by one until the winner has been declared.

So THEN we have the Oscars winners?

Yep! Then we're done. All that's left to do is pray they announce the correct winners.

△封图来源：toutiao.findart.com.cn

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