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作者达尼洛•图尔克（Danilo Türk）系斯洛文尼亚前总统，中国人民大学重阳金融研究院外籍高级研究员，本文中文版刊于9月19日《环球时报》，原标题为《以政治理性遏阻冷战气息》；英文版刊于10月11日CGTN。
最近两年，美国和澳大利亚等国一些大学叫停孔子学院的消息引发不少关注，其中释放的对中国的负面态度值得注意。毕竟，多年以来，孔子学院为相关国家提供了学习汉语的机会，也为促进我们这个时代需要的广泛的文化交流发挥了有益作用。
随着经济合作扩大，中国和西方国家的文化合作变得更加重要。代表世界主要文明的国家之间开展合作，不能只有利润驱动下的贸易和投资，还必须有文化上的合作。语言障碍是一个阻碍因素，相关国家在各方面的合作和共同发展中必须尽量克服这个因素。文化合作既要扩大文化交流，又要加深文化理解。中国对西方文化和世界语言教学表现出浓厚兴趣，学习西方语言在这方面起着重要作用。与此同时，西方对中国的迷恋从未停止。中国作为一个有着悠久历史和各种伟大艺术成就的文明将继续受到尊崇。但文化不能局限于它最崇高的方面，不能只从高等艺术加以理解，它还必须包含各种各样的文化表达，其中许多都需要语言知识。在这方面，大多数西方国家都有很多工作要做。孔子学院在此过程中发挥了有益作用，比如斯洛文尼亚首都卢布尔雅那的孔子学院就在语言课程中发挥着不可替代的作用，它覆盖了从学前教育到后面更加复杂的汉语学习，还使一些顶尖学生能到中国继续学习。另外，它还组织一系列引人注目的文化活动，有助于商界和教育界的各种交流。如今，很少有人怀疑与中国开展文化合作的必要性，而孔子学院恰恰在这方面发挥着重要作用。当然，文化合作往往不能彻底脱离双边合作的一些政治气氛。但成熟的决策者明白，承认中国与西方国家在政治制度层面存在显著差异，与坚持一个中国原则、尊重《联合国宪章》等与中国合作的基本原则，两者可以并行不悖。这就要求必要的相互理解和尊重，尤其重要的是承认语言和文化知识高于政治分歧。事实上，对语言和文化的理解有助于解释政治领域存在的差异。对语言和文化的理解能够而且必须使政治领导人了解何为明智的政治决策。当然，语言和文化的作用是双向的——从国际伙伴到中国，从中国到国际伙伴。虽然这一切众所周知，但在政治热情高涨时却很容易被忽视。在西方，我们看到一种日益加剧的趋势，即煽动对中国的恐惧和对中国在科学、技术和文化合作等各领域的活动产生怀疑。美国把煽动对中国的怀疑作为在贸易谈判中施压的手段。但这种策略引发的意外后果可能会很严重。人们很容易陷入一个将对方视为敌人、而非竞争对手和合作伙伴的陷阱。这不是一个纯粹的假想危险。在西方，民族主义情绪已经助长了带有负面后果的政治决策。“美国优先”口号看似无辜，仅限于美国政治光谱的一部分，但已产生一系列负面影响，也影响到美国众多国际伙伴和国际合作的广泛领域。散布恐惧和煽动对中国的怀疑对相关各国都会造成危害，而且这种危害可能需要很长时间才能消除。有没有办法避免掉入这个陷阱？答案是肯定的，但需要巨大努力，将政治理性纳入国际讨论的中心。这不是一项容易的任务。国际关系不是纯粹的逻辑或理性，它可能被情感和激情、狭隘的民族主义甚至完全的非理性绑架。在当前这个关头，这些对国际稳定都是重大威胁。一股冷战的气息正在世界蔓延。现在仍有时间去阻止它变成主导性氛围。更认真的思考和多边参与是必要的，也希望是可行的。8月在法国举行的七国集团峰会再次表明多边参与的至关重要，以及一些最具影响力的国际讨论的弱点。9月下旬的联合国大会将提供另一个机会，现在的国际社会亟需理性。我们需要采取一致行动，不能浪费任何机会。A scent of the Cold War
By Danilo Türk,former President of the Republic of Slovenia from 2007 to 2012, and a non-resident senior fellow at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies,Renmin University of China(RDCY).
Recent news about the proposed closure of a number of Confucius Institutes in the U.S. and Australia carries an unpleasant scent of a negative political attitude towards China. This change of attitude deserves attention and concern.For years now the Confucius institutes have played a very useful role of providing opportunities for learning Chinese, for cultural exchanges and general communication with China, much needed in our time.Cultural cooperation between China and Western countries has been constantly gaining importance as the economic cooperation expanded. Cooperation among countries representing the main civilizations of the world cannot be reduced to trade and investment driven by profit.It has to be informed by culture, the cooperating sides have to know each other better and linguistic barrier, in the case of China a serious factor in development of cooperation, has to be reduced.Cultural cooperation, together with the promotion of cultural understanding is obviously a broad area of international relations. It reaches millions of people around the world. It includes the highest art.Just in the first week of September, I enjoyed listening to two concerts of Chinese artists of world renown: The concert of the Shenzhen Symphony Orchestra in Ljubljana, Slovenia, playing works of Qianyi Zhang, Johannes Brahms, and Dmitri Shostakovich and a Eurovision-recorded concert of Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in La Scala, Milan featuring a brilliant Chinese pianist Yuja Wang, who performed together with several top artists from Europe and Latin America.Cultural cooperation knows no borders. This is not a cliché, it is a fact of life and should be among the leading realizations of our time.Significantly, cultural cooperation means both widening of cultural exchanges and deepening of cultural understanding. China has demonstrated a keen interest in western cultures and for teaching and learning of languages of the world. Learning western languages plays an important role in this context.At the same time, western fascination with China never stopped. China continues to be respected as a great civilization with a rich history and a variety of great artistic achievements.However, culture cannot be fenced in and understood only in its most sublime aspect – the high arts. It must include a wide variety of cultural expressions, many of which require the knowledge of language.In this aspect, most of the Western countries have much work to do and Confucius Institutes serve a very useful purpose. In Slovenia, for example, the Confucius Institute in Ljubljana, the capital, has established an irreplaceable role in the linguistic programs, starting at pre-school level and including the most sophisticated learning, which enables the top students of Chinese language and culture to continue their studies in China.In addition, it has organized a series of highly visible cultural events and helped a variety of contacts in business and in education.Today, nobody can doubt the necessity of cultural cooperation with China and the important role that Confucius Institutes are playing in this regard. It should also be understood that cultural cooperation cannot be completely separated from the political climate of cooperation in general.However, mature decision makers understand that political systems in China and in the West differ, in some respect significantly. The basic principles of cooperation with China, such as the one-China principle and the respect for the Charter of the UN have to be upheld in practice.This calls for careful conduct of work, the necessary mutual understanding and respect and, above all, the recognition that linguistic and cultural knowledge is above the political differences.In fact, it is the understanding of language and culture that helps interpreting the differences that exist in the political sphere. The understanding of language and culture can and must inform political leaders about the requirements of sensible and wise political decisions.Naturally, this role of language and culture has to work both ways - from international partners toward China and from China towards its international partners.While all this is well known, it can easily be neglected in the heat of political passions. In the West we see a growing tendency of inciting fear of China and suspicion about China's activities in all fields, including in the fields of scientific, technological, and cultural cooperation.The ongoing trade war, started by the U.S. in 2018, makes incitement of suspicion towards China instrumental as a means of pressure in trade negotiations. However, the unintended consequences of this tactic can be seriously harmful. It is all too easy to fall into a trap of seeing the other side as an enemy rather than as a competitor and a partner.This is not a purely hypothetical danger. In the West, the nationalist sentiments have already fueled political decisions with adverse consequences. The slogan "America first," seemingly innocent and limited to only one part of the political spectrum in the United States, has already produced a series of negative consequences affecting a large number of international partners of the U.S. and large areas of international cooperation.Fear mongering and incitement of suspicion against China can produce harm that will take a long time to remove. Confucius Institutes can become an easy target and an immediate victim.Is there a way out or away from the danger of sliding into this trap? Clearly there is, but it will require a serious effort to bring political rationality into the center of international discourse.This is not an easy task. International relations are not pure logic or rationality. They can be hijacked by emotions and passion, by narrow-minded nationalism and sheer irrationality. This seems to be a major threat to international stability at the current juncture.A scent of Cold War is spreading around the world. There is still time to prevent its domination. Much more serious reflection and multilateral engagement will be necessary and, hopefully, available.The recent summit of the G7 in Biarritz, France has once again demonstrated both the vital importance of multilateral engagement and the weaknesses of the discourse among some of the most influential international players.A concerted action is called for. No opportunity should be missed.
中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资董事长裘国根先生向母校捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。
作为中国特色新型智库，人大重阳聘请了全球数十位前政要、银行家、知名学者为高级研究员，旨在关注现实、建言国家、服务人民。目前，人大重阳下设7个部门、运营管理3个中心(生态金融研究中心、全球治理研究中心、中美人文交流研究中心)。近年来，人大重阳在金融发展、全球治理、大国关系、宏观政策等研究领域在国内外均具有较高认可度。