世界领袖联盟主席：拜登结盟战略的目的到底是什么？(双语)

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编者按：近日，斯洛文尼亚前总统、世界领袖联盟主席、人大重阳外籍高级研究员达尼洛•图尔克（Danilo Türk）接受CGTN主持人王冠采访。图尔克认为，今后可能面临一段艰难时期，中美双方需要保持冷静。本文转自3月19日“CGTN”微信公众号，原标题为《对话思想者：拜登时代中美关系最需要的是什么？》。

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王冠：图尔克总统，我想听听您对未来中美关系的看法，这可能是我们这个时代影响最为深远的关系之一。拜登宣誓就任美国总统后，您认为两国关系将何去何从？

图尔克：我们今后可能面临一段艰难时期，在那期间，我认为保持冷静至关重要。

中美关系上，双方需要保持冷静，因为稍不留意便会引发冲动情绪，容易激起恐惧和怨恨。我们需要让中美关系多一份冷静和从容。

如今世界上有一些国家和地区能发挥积极作用，我认为其中之一就是欧盟，很多欧盟成员国将呼吁各方保持冷静，心平气和地进行交流。我们需要使各方足够的冷静，从而找到各自利益的交汇点。我是站在欧盟的角度来谈跨大西洋关系，来谈欧美关系以及欧洲和中国的关系，我们需要研究如何让理性的声音主导整个局面。

同样我认为日本等国家也希望在处理安全事务、经济合作等基本关系方面与美国和中国展开冷静的交往。他们不希望有对抗，他们希望事情能以和平冷静的方式演进。为此，我们需要引入一份冷静，而世界各国都有责任以行动来换取这份冷静。

王冠：没错，但中美之间还是有潜在的分歧。比如说，很多人注意到，习近平主席在“达沃斯议程”对话会上表示，中国反对别国（在国际上）搞“小圈子”。或许在中国政治话语体系中，这指的是西方军事同盟 。然而在拜登看来，他曾多次表示，建立强大的同盟，对美国重回领导地位至关重要。您是否意识到双方的想法存在冲突？这对未来的中美关系又意味着什么？

图尔克：是的，这不仅是中美关系的一个敏感点，也是全球安全与合作领域的一个敏感点。我对此的看法是这样，我们理解美国在外交领域向来喜欢寻找志趣相投的国家，喜欢建立亲美国家小圈子。这样做本身没有问题，前提是它符合普遍认可的规范框架，我认为一个没有受到攻击的国家，没有理由动员防御同盟，我们必须以这个事实为出发点。当2001年美国遭受恐怖袭击时，采取自卫防御的心态无可厚非。

但事情已经过去20年了，我们必须清醒、冷静地看待全球安全局势，避免在局势评估中夸大其词。因此，我认为有必要对寻友结盟的行为，进行非常客观的评估。结盟后到底要做什么？结盟的目的是什么？不应该让它们发展成为某种安全挑战，也不应该让盟友之间的强硬言论加剧安全挑战。

以下为英文版

Wang Guan: President Turk, I’d like to get your sense on the future of China-US relations, one of perhaps the most consequential relationships of our times. With Joe Biden sworn in as the new president, where do you think the relations between the two countries are headed?

Danilo Türk: Well we are likely to have a difficult period ahead of us. In that period, I think it will be very important to suggest calm. We need a calming input in this relationship, because it's very easy to stir passion. It's very easy to stir fear and resentment. But what we need is bringing calm into this whole relationship.

Now, there are important players in the world who can help. I would believe that in the European Union, there will be many voices who would be pleading for calm. We have to calm down the debate. We have to calm the relations to a point in which we can figure out where our interests overlap. And I'm talking from the European Union's perspective about both the transatlantic relationship between Europe and the United States and about Europe and China. We have to see how these calming voices can be brought into the picture.

Similarly, I think that countries like Japan and other countries would be interested in having calm in their management of basic relations in security, economic cooperation, and in other fields, with both the United States and China. They don't want to have confrontation. They want to have a peaceful, calm progression. In order to have that, we need introduction of calm and, that calm has to come from various corners in the world.

Wang Guan: Right, but there are potential areas of confrontation. For example, many noted that, President Xi in his Davos address, said China rejects the notion of countries evolving into small circles. That is perhaps the Chinese political jargon of saying Western-style military alliances. But in Joe Biden’s view, he said many times over that, restoring American greatness leadership by strengthening its alliances is important. Do you see a clash of ideas over there? And what would that mean for future US-China relations?

Danilo Türk: Yeah, this is a very sensitive aspect of not only the relations between the United States and China, but also the global approach to security and cooperation. Now, my take on this question will be this. We understand the tradition of American foreign policy to look for like-minded countries, for smaller groups that work with the United States. And that should be all right as long as this is within the framework of universally, generally agreed norms. I mean a country which is not attacked does not have a reason to mobilize defense alliance. And we have to simply proceed from this very fact. It was quite normal that at the time of the terrorist attack of the United States in 2001, the self-defense logic was so important.

But now we are 20 years later, and we have to look at the world security situation soberly and calmly and not exaggerate in our assessments. So therefore, I think the whole question of like-mindedness and alliances have to be given a very realistic assessment. What is really the need for alliances to do? What are they for? And they should not be allowed to develop into some kind of a problem of security, or to deepen the problems of security because of the intensity of the alliance rhetoric.

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中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资向中国人民大学捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。

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