丁刚：为什么Tiktok是打不垮的？

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美国当地时间3月23日，TikTok首席执行官周受资在美国国会众议院能源和商务委员会长达6个小时的听证会上被持续质询。这场以“数据安全”为借口的闹剧，其背后的真正意图仍旧与美国遏华有千丝万缕的联系。《人民日报》高级编辑、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员丁刚就此在3月22日《环球时报》英文版发表评论文章，中文版授权人大重阳发布，以下为文章中英文版：

中国经济的数字化是TikTok成功的基础。这就是为什么美国和西方虽然在一些高科技领域领先，但试图压制中国的超越却并非易事。

本文字数约2600字，阅读需要3分钟。

网购已成为中国消费者日常生活中必不可少的一部分，Tiktok（在中国叫抖音，其公司叫字节跳动）在其中发挥了重要作用。

中国的每一个消费者都可轻松地在网上购买他们或家人所需的用品，并能迅速地收到，即使这些产品是在数千英里之外生产。

在这个过程中，资本、制造和物流快速流动着，数据更是如此，消费者也成为数字经济的一部分。

中国经济的数字化是TikTok成功的基础。这就是为什么美国和西方虽然在一些高科技领域领先，但试图压制中国的超越却并非易事。

无论哪种经济类型，最终都是市场说了算，是数据说了算。

尤瓦尔·赫拉利在《未来简史》中说，数据是未来世界的一个基本组成部分。数据主义认为，宇宙由数据流组成，任何现象或实体的价值都在于它对数据处理的贡献。

全球化最突出的贡献不仅是物质大流动，更是数据大流动，而数据又成为推动全球化的主要力量之一，甚至成为全球化和全球市场本身。

数据具有个人、资本、市场和国家属性。

其中，资本又是最敏感的。数据就是市场和金钱。谁能掌握、引导并将数据与更先进的技术相结合，谁就能拥有更多的收入。过去钱生钱；现在数据创造市场和财富。

虽然源自西方的资本力量不再可能像五百年前开始发迹那样，用大炮和军舰扩张殖民地并瓜分全球市场，但占领更多市场以获取利润的冲动却一直没有改变。

赫拉利说：“在现实中，每个实体都是许多生化和电子算法的混合体，没有明确的界限和自我中心。”如果你掌握了一种更先进的算法，你就有可能掌握更多的实体。

这就是为什么数字技术和先进算法的领先者Tiktok让美国政治家和大老板焦虑的关键。这是一场技术的竞争，同样也是市场的竞争。

对中国来说，在这场围绕数字技术的激烈博弈中，其优势也越来越清哳。

为什么TikTok在中国如此受欢迎？

当然，技术是最重要的。但它的崛起并非偶然，尤其是短视频和直播带货的形式。

中国拥有最多的互联网用户、世界上最大的网购市场、最快和最便捷的物流，最大的快递团队和最大规模的制造业，以及世界上最庞大的从事制造业的劳动者队伍。

这些都是数字经济的一部分。这些行业中的每一个都为那些科技公司提供了更好的“蹦极跳”的平台，让它们跳得更快更高，并充分利用中国经济的增长，形成更广泛的市场。

其中任何一个都是TikTok在中国快速发展不可或缺的，它们聚合在一起深刻地改变了中国人的消费模式，形成了世界第二大消费市场。这是美国和许多拥有高技术的西方国家难以持续保持领先中国的原因。而事实上，这也是他们的资本力量更想拥有的东西。

美国不仅在物流方面落后于中国，而且大量的服装、小商品和电子产品等都早已不再在本土生产而必须进口。

数字经济的重要性是不言而喻的。尽管如此，只是基于中国经济的要素构成，它才有可能发展得更快，这是中国经济抗御美国和西方与中国“脱钩”的力量。

只要我们坚持发挥中国的优势，更加紧密地依靠制造业，不断突破全球高科技的制高点，在世界范围内的数字经济大潮中，就一定会有更多的Tiktok涌现而出。

以下为英文版

Even if a TikTok is killed, more Tiktoks will rise

By Ding Gang

Online shopping has become an essential part of Chinese consumers' daily lives, and the role of TikTok, (its Chinese counterpart is called Douyin)is growing.

Every consumer in China can easily buy the necessities they or their families need online and get them quickly, even if those products are manufactured thousands of miles away.

In the process, capital, manufacturing, and logistics are flowing rapidly, as is data, and consumers have become part of the digital economy. 

The digitization of the Chinese economy is the basis for TikTok's success. This is why, even if the US and the West take the lead in some high-tech areas, it's very difficult for them to suppress the rise of China.

Regardless of the type of economy, in the end, the market ultimately counts.

In Israeli historian Yuval Noah Harari's Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, data is a fundamental component of the future world. Dataism holds that the universe consists of a stream of data and that the value of any phenomenon or entity lies in its contribution to data processing.

The most prominent contribution of globalization is not so much the great flow of materials as the great flow of data, which in turn has become a major force driving globalization, even becoming globalization and the global market itself.

Data has personal, capital, market, and national attributes.

Of these, capital is the most sensitive. Data is market and money. Whoever can master, direct and combine data with more advanced technology will have more revenues. In the past, money made money; now, data creates markets and wealth.

While the power of capital originating in the West is no longer expanding colonies and capturing global markets with cannons and warships as it started some 500 years ago, the urge to capture more markets for profit has remained the same.

Harari says, "Reality will be a mesh of biochemical and electronic algorithms, without clear borders, and without individual hubs." If you master a more advanced algorithm, you have the potential to master more entities.

That's why TikTok, a leader in digital technology and advanced algorithms, is making American politicians and big bosses anxious. It's a competition for technology and competition for markets.

For China, it's clearer where our strengths lie in this great game around digital technology.

Why is TikTok so popular in China? Of course, technology is paramount. But its rise is not a coincidence, especially in the form of short videos and live streaming with goods.

China has the most significant number of internet users, the world's largest online shopping market, the fastest and easiest logistics and shipping, the largest fleet of couriers and the largest manufacturing sector, and the world's most robust workforce still engaged in manufacturing.

These are all part of the digital economy. Each of these industries provides a better "bungee jump" for those tech companies to jump faster and higher, taking full advantage of the Chinese economy to grow and form a broader market.

Any of these are integral to the rapid growth of TikTok in China, which has profoundly changed Chinese consumption patterns and formed the world's second-largest consumer market. This is something that the US and many Western countries with high technology have difficulty catching up with China. And indeed, something that their capital power would prefer to have.

The US can't compete with logistics alone, not to mention the fact that the vast amount of clothing, small goods, and electronics are no longer produced locally in the US and must be imported.

The importance of the digital economy is self-evident. Still, it is only based on the elemental composition of the Chinese economy that it has the potential to develop faster, which is the strength of the Chinese economy to resist the "decoupling" of the US and the West from China.

As long as we stick to China's strengths, rely more closely on the manufacturing industry, and continue to break through to the high points of global high technology, more TikToks are bound to emerge in the worldwide tide of the digital economy.

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中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资向中国人民大学捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。

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