「Part2」2017政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版
I will now move on to discuss our main work last year:
一年来，我们主要做了以下工作。
First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level,
一是继续创新和加强宏观调控，
注:
regulation at the macro level
macro regulation
宏观调控
2016年报告表述[创新宏观调控方式]：develop new ways of conducting macro regulation.
下文表述：macro-level regulation
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thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.
经济运行保持在合理区间。
Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macro-level regulation,
去年宏观调控面临多难抉择，
but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact,
我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，
注:
strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy-wide impact
“大水漫灌”式强刺激
and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.
而是依靠改革创新来稳增长、调结构、防风险，
We strengthened targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.
在区间调控基础上，加强定向调控、相机调控。
注:
targeted and well-timed regulation
定向调控、相机调控
相机调控首次出现在去年的政府工作报告中。相机调控强调政府要根据市场情况和各项调节措施的特点，灵活机动地决定和选择当前究竟应采取哪一种或哪几种政策措施。所以说相机调控很重要的就是要“预调、微调”。
range-based regulation
区间调控
More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.
积极的财政政策力度加大，增加的财政赤字主要用于减税降费。
The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) was extended to cover all sectors,
全面推开营改增试点，@LearnAndRecord
注:
营改增:营业税改增值税
business tax 营业税
VAT:Value-added Tax 增值税
slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.
全年降低企业税负5700多亿元，所有行业实现税负只减不增。
A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.
制定实施中央与地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，确保地方既有财力不变。
More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts,
扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模，
注:
bond:an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate 公债，债券
I invested some money in savings bonds.
我在储蓄公债上投了一些钱。
reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.
降低利息负担约4000亿元。
A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.
稳健的货币政策灵活适度，
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注:
prudent monetary policy
稳健的货币政策
2016年报告相关表述[稳健的货币政策注重松紧适度]:We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity.
The M2 moneysupply increased by 11.3 percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.
广义货币M2增长11.3%，低于13％左右的预期目标。
注:
广义货币（Broad money）是一个经济学概念。M0、M1、M2、M3都是用来反映货币供应量的重要指标。M1反映着经济中的现实购买力；M2同时反映现实和潜在购买力。
We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.
综合运用多种货币政策工具，支持实体经济发展。
Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.
实施促进消费升级措施。
We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.
出台鼓励民间投资等政策，投资出现企稳态势。
We also exercised category-based regulation over the real estate market.
分类调控房地产市场。
注:
category-based regulation
分类调控
上文的宏观调控/定向调控/相机调控/区间调控 还记得吗..
macro-level regulation/targeted and well-timed regulation/range-based regulation
We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.
加强金融风险防控，
The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.
人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，
注:
at an adaptive and equilibrium level
在合理均衡水平上
equilibrium [.iːkwɪ'lɪbriəm]
a state of balance 平衡；均衡
The disease destroys much of the inner ear, disturbing the animal's equilibrium.
这种疾病破坏动物内耳的大部分组织，妨碍其保持均衡。
By doing this, we have safeguarded China's economic and financial security.
维护了国家经济金融安全。@LearnAndRecord
Second, we focused on five priority tasks-cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness-thereby improving the composition of supply.
二是着力抓好“三去一降一补”，供给结构有所改善。
注:
三去一降一补：供给侧改革主要涉及到产能过剩、楼市库存大、债务高企这三个方面，为解决好这一问题，就要推行“三去一降一补”的政策，即去产能(cutting overcapacity)、去库存(reducing excess inventory)、去杠杆(deleveraging)、降成本(lowering costs)、补短板(strengthening areas of weakness)五大任务。
Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.
以钢铁、煤炭行业为重点去产能，
Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.
全年退出钢铁产能超过6500万吨、煤炭产能超过2.9亿吨，超额完成年度目标任务，
注:
metric ton
公吨
“公吨”即中国普遍采用的“吨”。其英文名称为tonne或metric ton。简单地说，公吨是tonne或者metric ton，其缩写为mts（经常在邮件往来中使用），吨是ton。1公吨（tonne, metric ton）= 1000公斤，1吨（ton）= 1016公斤（英制单位）或907.2公斤（美制单位）。
Effective assistance was provided to laid-off employees.
分流职工得到较好安置。
We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes;
支持农民工在城镇购房，
and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation,
提高棚改货币化安置比例，
注:
棚户区含义见[Part 1]，
棚改货币化安置:城市棚户区改造货币化安置是在改造过程中遵循“等值交换”的原则，同时给予一定的政策支持，以货币补偿的方式与被改造群众签订补偿协议，选择政府集中采购、政府组织购买的房屋。
making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.
房地产去库存取得积极成效。
Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted,
推动企业兼并重组，发展直接融资，
注:
Business acquisitions and reorganizations
企业兼并重组
and market- and law-based debt-to-equity swaps were carried out, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises.
实施市场化法治化债转股，工业企业资产负债率有所下降。
注:
debt-to-equity swaps
债转股，是指国家组建金融资产管理公司，收购银行的不良资产，把原来银行与企业间的债权、债务关系，转变为金融资产管理公司与企业间的股权、产权关系。（债权转为股权)
the debt-to-asset
资产负债
To help enterprises lower operating costs,
着眼促进企业降成本，
we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees,
出台减税降费、
lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions*,
降低“五险一金”缴费比例、
注:
social security contribution
五险一金，包括养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险，还有住房公积金。
* This includes old-age insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, maternity insurance, and housing provident fund schemes.
and cut the price of electricity.
下调用电价格等举措。
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We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise long-term benefits.
加大补短板力度，办了一批当前急需又利长远的大事。
Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up,
三是大力深化改革开放，
further strengthening the vitality of development.
发展活力进一步增强。
Reform was deepened across the board,
全面深化改革，
注:
across the board:happening or having an effect on people at every level and in every area 影响到各个领域和阶层的；全面的
The initiative has across-the-board support.
该行动得到了各方面的支持。
and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.
推出一批标志性、支柱性改革举措。
To balance the government-market relationship - the pivotal issue in economic structural reform - we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.
围绕处理好政府和市场关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。
注:
the pivotal issue
核心问题
2016年报告表述[简政放权、放管结合、优化服务]:streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.
streamline administration
简政
delegate powers
放权
improve regulation and services
放管结合、优化服务
My administration's goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.
在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上，
注:
cutting the number of items requiring government review
减少行政审批事项数目
On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.
去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项，
We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications.
清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。
注:
overhaul:to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should 彻底检修，大修；改造；改进
I got the engine overhauled.
我彻底检修了发动机。
approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications
职业资格许可认定
2016年报告表述[取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项]:cancel the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications.
今年将verification一词换成了accreditation：means official approval, esp. in order to maintain satisfactory standards (官方认证;鉴定;认可)
We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.
深化商事制度改革。@LearnAndRecord
We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board*,
全面推行“双随机、一公开”，
注:
oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board
“双随机、一公开”，即在监管过程中随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，抽查情况及查处结果及时向社会公开。
* The model comprises inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results.
made operational and post-operational oversight more effective,
增强事中事后监管的有效性，
and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.
推进“互联网+政务服务”。
We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.
推动国有企业调整重组和混合所有制改革。
注:
state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
国有企业
mixed ownership structures
混合所有制
We established a review system to ensure fair competition.
建立公平竞争审查制度。
We deepened resource tax reforms.
深化资源税改革。
We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights,
完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，
注:
三权分置：是指形成所有权、承包权、经营权三权分置、经营权流转的格局。
and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.
建立贫困退出机制。
We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system,
推进科技管理体制改革，
gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes,
扩大高校和科研院所自主权，
and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.
出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。
We opened up the elderly services market.
放开养老服务市场。
We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.
扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。
注:
the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals
公立医院综合改革试点
the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment
药品医疗器械审评审批制度
We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.
制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，
注:
unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights
自然资源统一确权登记办法
We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provincial-level environmental protection agencies over the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation and fallow land reforms.
开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，
注:
crop rotation and fallow land reforms
耕地轮作休耕改革
The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country,
全面推行河长制，
注:
The river chief system
河长制
and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.
健全生态保护补偿机制。
Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.
改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。
注:
impetus ['ɪmpɪtəs]
something that encourages a particular activity or makes that activity more energetic or effective 推动，促进，刺激
The recent publicity surrounding homelessness has given (a) fresh impetus to the cause.
最近围绕无家可归者的宣传对这一事业是个新的推动。
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