柯林斯词典公布2019年度词汇:Climate strike
又一大词典的年度词汇来了,日前,柯林斯词典(Collins Dictionary)公布2019年度词汇:Climate strike.
加上此前的牛津词典公布2019年度词汇:Climate Emergency,剑桥词典公布2019年度词汇:upcycling,你找到发现今年的“考试重点”了吗?
Climate strike这一说法,柯林斯词典官方给出的释义为:a form of protest in which people absent themselves from education or work in order to join demonstrations demanding action to counter climate change.
zeitgeist
zeitgeist /ˈzaɪtˌɡaɪst/ 表示“(尤指文学、哲学和政治中表现的)时代精神;时代思潮,时代潮流”,英文解释为“The zeitgeist of a particular place during a particular period in history is the attitudes and ideas that are generally common there at that time, especially the attitudes and ideas shown in literature, philosophy, and politics.”举个🌰:
He has caught the zeitgeist of life in the 1960s very well indeed.
他确实非常准确地描绘出了20世纪60年代乡村生活的真实风貌。
去年牛津词典公布了2018年度词汇:Toxic时,就用到了这个词:Part of Oxford University Press (OUP), a department of the University of Oxford, the dictionary has, in the past, turned to neologisms to describe the zeitgeist.
再回顾下,这里的neologism /nɪˈɒləˌdʒɪzəm/ 表示“(语言的)新词汇或新表意法;旧词新意”,英文解释为“A neologism is a new word or expression in a language, or a new meaning for an existing word or expression.”举个🌰:
The newspaper used the neologism "dinks," Double Income No Kids.
这份报纸使用了新词汇"dinks"—双收入无小孩的家庭。
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rewilding
柯林斯词典给出的解释为“the practice of returning areas of land to a wild state, including the reintroduction of animal species that are no longer naturally found there”,表示“再野生化”。
nonbinary
binary一词本身表示“二进制的”(The binary system expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1. It is used especially in computing.)在计算机的世界里,处理的实际上都是0和1这两个数字。
而此处的non-binary,可以解释为非二进制的,不是非0即1这样的情况,引申为“非二元性别的”,也被广泛称作Genderqueer(性别酷儿),用来指称那些超越传统意义上对男性或女性的二元划分、不单纯属于男性或女性的自我性别认同。此前纽约时报的有一篇文章专门讲述了Nonbinary一词:
“Washington, D.C., schools are the latest, with a small change on the public school enrollment form for next year that some members of the L.G.B.T.Q. community regard as a big step forward: The term “nonbinary,” which refers to people who do not identify exclusively as male or female, will be included as a gender choice.”
“华盛顿特区的学校对明年的公立学校入学表格做出了一个小改动:“非二元性别的”——意指那些性别认同不单纯属于男性或女性的人,被加入到性别选择中。这是被一些L.G.B.T.Q.群体成员认为是一大进步的最新例子。”
conform to/with
表示“遵守,遵照;符合,达到;依照”,英文解释为“to obey a rule or reach the necessary stated standard, or to do things in a traditional way”举个🌰:
Before buying the baby's car seat , make sure that it conforms to the official safety standards.
购买婴儿车之前,要确保它符合官方的安全标准。
influencer
字面上的意思就是影响者,有影响力的人,柯林斯词典中的解释分为两种,一个就是字面上的意思:any person or thing that exerts an influence;另一种解释为:a person who uses social media to promote lifestyle choices, commercial products, etc to his or her followers. 利用社交媒体向自己的粉丝推广或推荐产品和服务的人,就是类似于现在网络中的“(带货)网红”,或者说关键意见领袖,Key Opinion Leader,KOL.
brexiety
blend of Brexit + anxiety,表示脱欧导致的一种特有的焦虑状态,英文解释为“a state of heightened anxiety triggered by concerns about Brexit”。
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牛津词典公布2019年度词汇:Climate Emergency
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